The Four Pillars of the Internet of Things are introduced and described, an Unified Middlearware Architecture for the IoT are proposed.

1. Unified Middleware for IoT Applications
Honbo Zhou
GM of Foton Telematics

2. Abstract
Internet of Things applications are not new and can be
found in all industrial sectors. A four-pillar categorization is
introduced for IoT applications based on their common
characteristics such as technological origin, business
background, and market value chain. IoT is about
connectivity and integration, Middleware plays a crucial
role for IoT applications, Middleware for all 4 pillar IoT
categories are summarized in this presentation. A common
IoT middleware architecture is proposed based on the
speaker’s many years of industrial practices on building
middleware products (the ezM2M IoT platform) for a variety
of IoT applications as well as new developments in IoT
standardization and cloud computing paradigms. Most of
the contents of this presentation are from the speaker’s
new IoT book to be published by Taylor & Francis group
soon.

3. Outline
IoT: A Web 3.0 View
Ubiquitous IoT Applications
Four Pillars of IoT
DNA of The Internet of Things
Middleware and IoT
Data Standards for WoT
Unified WoT Frameworks
Cloud Computing
The Cloud of Things

4. Rise of the Machines

5. The Third Wave of ICT

6. IoT Related Terminologies
Sensing China, M2M, WSAN, Smarter Planet，Digital Convergence,
Pervasive Computing, Ambient Intelligence, Haptic and
Ubiquitous Computing、X-internet, Building2.0，Smart Grid,…
Internet of Things is not (yet) a buzzword/cathphrease as in
China and Europe, terms such as M2M, WSN, Smart Grid,
Telematics, Telehealth, CPS, etc. are used instead.

7. Defining IoT
The Internet of Things provide means to access
and control two categories of ubiquitous and
uniquely identifiable devices: those that have
inherent intelligence and those that are externally
enabled, via all sorts of wired and/or wireless
communications in all kinds of networking
environments, supported by cloud computing
technologies with adequate security measures, to
achieve pervasive connectivity and grand integration
and to provide services such as monitoring,
locating, controlling, reporting, decision support,
and so on.

8. Triple Nets/Webs for IoT

9. Web 3.0 and IoT

10. The Expansion of Software (Middleware)

11. Outline
IoT: A Web 3.0 View
Ubiquitous IoT Applications
Four Pillars of IoT
DNA of The Internet of Things
Middleware and IoT
Data Standards for WoT
Unified WoT Frameworks
Cloud Computing
The Cloud of Things

12. IoT Applies to All Industry Sectors

13. Vertical Applications

14. Example 1 of Vertical Applications

15. Example 2 of Vertical Applications

16. Vendors and Positions

17. Outline
IoT: A Web 3.0 View
Ubiquitous IoT Applications
Four Pillars of IoT
DNA of The Internet of Things
Middleware and IoT
Data Standards for WoT
Unified WoT Frameworks
Cloud Computing
The Cloud of Things

18. Four Pillars of IoT
Four Pillars and Networks Short-Range Long-Range Short-Range Long-Range
Wireless Wireless Wired Wired
RFID Yes Some No Some
WSN Yes Some No Some
M2M Some Yes No Some
SCADA Some Some Yes Yes

19. M2M

20. RFID

21. WSAN

22. SCADA(CPS)

23. Outline
IoT: A Web 3.0 View
Ubiquitous IoT Applications
Four Pillars of IoT
DNA of The Internet of Things
Middleware and IoT
Data Standards for WoT
Unified WoT Frameworks
Cloud Computing
The Cloud of Things

24. Horizontals vs. Verticals

25. Three Horizontal Layers

26. “Devices”And“Connect”

27. “Manage”Or “Applications”
Software, especially middleware, plays a very important role

28. Outline
IoT: A Web 3.0 View
Ubiquitous IoT Applications
Four Pillars of IoT
DNA of The Internet of Things
Middleware and IoT
Data Standards for WoT
Unified WoT Frameworks
Cloud Computing
The Cloud of Things

29. Middleware

30. M2M-Machine Type Communication

31. Middleware for SCADA

32. WSN Middleware

33. RFID Middleware/Edgeware

34. Outline
IoT: A Web 3.0 View
Ubiquitous IoT Applications
Four Pillars of IoT
DNA of The Internet of Things
Middleware and IoT
Data Standards for WoT
Unified WoT Frameworks
Cloud Computing
The Cloud of Things

35. Web of Things vs. Internet of Things

36. Protocols and Standards
Issues: Too many standards

37. Unified Standard?

38. Pipe Agnostic？
IoT Standards Existing Data formats and Protocols Unified New IoT Standards
Matrix
© Zhou Goals Necessity Feasibility
Data Formats BITXML, EXDL, MDMP, M2MXML, NGTP, oBIX, Create a new, unified, open, cross- High Medium
Application Layer (M)
oMIX, ONS/PML, OPC, SyncML, WMMP, etc. sector, usable data standards including Enable easier Enhanced HTML and ebXML-
formats, exchange protocols, processing integration and like standards, hard to create
and modeling frameworks. interoperability.a unified data format due to
domain differences.
Software Framework ArchestrA, CoAP, DRM, ECF, ezM2M, Data standards compliant SaaS/PaaS 3- High High
HYDRA, IDM, MDM, OSGi, PaaS, RESTful, tiered platform middleware, support new Enable easier Enhanced 3-tiered
SaaS, Sedona, SOA, SODA, SOAP, etc. paradigms such as DRM. integration, new Application Servers, OSGi
MAI paradigm, etc. middleware for server-side
IP(TCP/UDP/HIP), IP over Everything/Everything over IP, Ethernet, “3-network” convergence, all-IP Medium Medium
Distance
Wired
IPv6, ATM, Frame Relay, SDH, FDDI, Fiber Channel, ISDN, SS7, networks, IPv6 should be the leveraged MTC support It takes time for all-IP, IPv6
Long
PSTN, VPN, VoIP, Cable/xDSL, etc. for IoT applications, existing networks enhancements and to prevail.
ok for most IoT applications. optimizations
ANSI C12.18, AS-i, BACNet, CanBus, CC-Link, ControlNet, Dali, Ruggedness enhancements, few new Low Low
Transmission Layer Protocols (C)
Wired Shor
DeviceNet, DF-1, DLMS/IEC 62056, Dupline, FF, FlexRay, HART, protocols are required, no need to re- Few or no new Few or no new protocols
t Range
HomePNA, IEC 61107, InterBus, LIN, LonWorks, KNX, ModBus, invent the wheel. protocols required. required.
MOST, MTConnect, P-Net, ProfiBus, SwiftNet, Vnet/IP, WorldFIP,
CC-Link, PLC, Industrial Ethernet, RS232, RS485, VAN, etc.
2G: GSM, CDMA, etc.; 3G:WCDMA,EV-DO,HSUPA, EV-DOrA, All-IP, Mobile IP, etc. helpful but not Medium Medium
UMTS, etc.; required, MTC enhancements for low Dedicated packet Few or no new protocols
Wireless
Distance
Long
2.5G: GPRS, EDGE,HSCSD, etc.; bandwidth, low latency IoT applications, switch MTC required, optimization focus.
4G:EV-DOrB, LTE, WiMAX, UMB/UWB, TD-SCDMA, etc. backend BOSS system enhancements. network helpful but
Satellite M2M, GPS, etc. not required.
Bluetooth, BSN, DECT, DSAH 7, EDACS, EnOcean, HyperLan, Few new protocols required, focus Medium Low
Wireless Short
HyperMAN, 6LoWPAN, HomeRF, HomeIR, InfiNET, Insteon, IrDA, should be on embedded OS or Enhancements on Few or no new protocols
Range
IRIG, ISA 100.11a, LMDS, NFC, OpenSky, OSIAN, RFID, TETRA, middleware, TinyOS, MagnetOS, embedded OS and needed, leverage existing
TransferJet, WAVE, Wavenis, WiFi/WAPI, WirelessHART, Zigbee, Contiki, Mantis, SINA, SensorWare, etc. middleware. protocols.
Z-Wave, etc.
TEDS/IEEE 1451, CBRN, TransducerML, SensorML, IRIG, Optimized and minimized version of High Medium
Sensor Layer
EXDL/CAP, AutomationML, OpenPLC XML, EDDL, FDT, application layer XML data standards, Enable easier Minimized ebXML-like
standards, it’s hard to create a
(D)
CANOpen, etc. supported by embedded OS and integration and
middleware. Universal OSGi interoperability unified standard due to small
middleware for device-side hardware. footprint.

39. Outline
IoT: A Web 3.0 View
Ubiquitous IoT Applications
Four Pillars of IoT
DNA of The Internet of Things
Middleware and IoT
Data Standards for WoT
Unified WoT Frameworks
Cloud Computing
The Cloud of Things

40. OO and RO Programming

41. Sensor Web Framework

42. Unified Architecture for SCADA

43. FI-Ware and SODA

44. Multi-tiered IoT Middleware

45. ezM2M Middleware Framework

46. Towards a Unified WoT Framework?

47. Outline
IoT: A Web 3.0 View
Ubiquitous IoT Applications
Four Pillars of IoT
DNA of The Internet of Things
Middleware and IoT
Data Standards for WoT
Unified WoT Frameworks
Cloud Computing
The Cloud of Things

48. The Fusion of Grid and SOA

49. Cloud Middleware

50. NIST Cloud Definition

51. Panoramic View of Cloud&Players

52. Outline
IoT: A Web 3.0 View
Ubiquitous IoT Applications
Four Pillars of IoT
DNA of The Internet of Things
Middleware and IoT
Data Standards for WoT
Unified WoT Frameworks
Cloud Computing
The Cloud of Things

53. IoT and Cloud Computing

54. IoT + Cloud

55. XaaS (everyThing as a Service)

56. The Cloud of Things

57. Thanks! 谢谢！