Professionalism in International Business: Building Cross-Cultural Competence
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Executive summary of a series of books from best selling authors Fons Trompenaas. How to manage business internationally.
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Professionalism in International Business: Building Cross-Cultural Competence
- 1. Hangzhou, February 2011 Prof. Dr. Hora Tjitra, Tang Wenjie & Zuo Haisu, Zhejiang University Building Cross-Cultural Competence Professionalism in International Business Hampden-Turner, C. & Trompenaars, F. (2000). Building Cross-Cultural Competence. Yale
- 2. Hampden-‐Turner & Trompenaars: Building Cross-‐Cultural Competence Books We Have Read Business Across Cultures By Fons Trompenaars and Peter Woolliams Building Cross-cultural Competence By Charles Hampden-‐Turner, Fons Trompenaars Riding The Waves of Culture By Charles Hampden-‐Turner, Fons Trompenaars 2
- 3. Hampden-‐Turner & Trompenaars: Building Cross-‐Cultural Competence 3 14 years in Germany 7 years in China Born and grew up in Indonesia Prof.Dr.Hora Tjitra - Excellence in Culture,Talent and Change
- 4. Hampden-‐Turner & Trompenaars: Building Cross-‐Cultural Competence 3 14 years in Germany 7 years in China Born and grew up in Indonesia Prof.Dr.Hora Tjitra - Excellence in Culture,Talent and Change Professional activities: • Academic Teaching and Research,as well as Consulting, Coaching,Training and Assessment in the area of: - Cross-Cultural Awareness and Communication - Cross-Cultural Issues in HR Management - Corporate Learning and Development - Executive Coaching and Assessment - Global Leadership Development Program - Facilitation of Strategic Conference - Large Strategic Change Projects International and National project references: • BASF,Siemens,Dupont,Commerzbank,Hugo Boss,SAP, Barco,GTZ,Telkom Indonesia,etc.
- 5. Hampden-‐Turner & Trompenaars: Building Cross-‐Cultural Competence What to Talk Today 3-‐7-‐4 3 Rs Recognize Respect Reconcile 7 Dimensions universalism vs par3cularism individualism vs communitarianism neutral vs affec3ve specific vs diffuse achievement vs ascrip3on sequen3al vs synchronic internal vs external control 4 Corporate Cultures Incubator Guided Missile Family Eiffel Tower 4
- 6. Hampden-‐Turner & Trompenaars: Building Cross-‐Cultural Competence Recognize,Respect,Reconcile (使和谐) Recognize Out layer is what people primarily associate with culture Middle layer refers to norm and value that an organiza3on holds Inner layer, the level of unques3oned, implicit culture. Respect Reconcile Different culture orienta3ons and views of the world are not right or wrong – they are just different. Wealth for effec3ve business is created by reconciling culture 5
- 7. Hampden-‐Turner & Trompenaars: Building Cross-‐Cultural Competence Case Background • MCC is a very successful company in the US. • OperaEng in more than 20 countries. • Top management is going to apply a number of policy principles over the world. 6
- 8. Hampden-‐Turner & Trompenaars: Building Cross-‐Cultural Competence Case Background • MCC is a very successful company in the US. • OperaEng in more than 20 countries. • Top management is going to apply a number of policy principles over the world. Dutch manager I’ve never heard such a crazy idea. 6
- 9. Hampden-‐Turner & Trompenaars: Building Cross-‐Cultural Competence Case Background • MCC is a very successful company in the US. • OperaEng in more than 20 countries. • Top management is going to apply a number of policy principles over the world. Dutch manager Before the Dutch manager tried to explain why the idea is crazy, the Italian manager walked out the room… I’ve never heard such a crazy idea. 6
- 10. Hampden-‐Turner & Trompenaars: Building Cross-‐Cultural Competence What is universalism-particularism? 7
- 11. Hampden-‐Turner & Trompenaars: Building Cross-‐Cultural Competence What is individualism-communitarianism? The extent to which the individual is self-made and the extent to which the wider social system is responsible for personal success 8
- 12. Hampden-‐Turner & Trompenaars: Building Cross-‐Cultural Competence What is neutral-affective? 9
- 13. Hampden-‐Turner & Trompenaars: Building Cross-‐Cultural Competence What is specificity-diffuseness? 10
- 14. Hampden-‐Turner & Trompenaars: Building Cross-‐Cultural Competence What is specificity-diffuseness? Private space Public space Lewin’s circles 10
- 15. Hampden-‐Turner & Trompenaars: Building Cross-‐Cultural Competence What is achievement-ascription? 11
- 16. Hampden-‐Turner & Trompenaars: Building Cross-‐Cultural Competence What is sequential-synchronic? Phenomena 1 Phenomena 2 Phenomena 3 Time Phenomena 1 Phenomena 2 Phenomena 3 Time 12
- 17. Hampden-‐Turner & Trompenaars: Building Cross-‐Cultural Competence What is internal-external control 13
- 18. Hampden-‐Turner & Trompenaars: Building Cross-‐Cultural Competence What is internal-external control 13
- 19. Hampden-‐Turner & Trompenaars: Building Cross-‐Cultural Competence You are a passenger in a car driven by a close friend. He hits a pedestrian. You know he was going at least 35 miles per hour in an area of the city where the maximum speed allowed is 20 miles per hour. There are no witnesses. His lawyer says that if you are prepared to tesEfy under oath (宣誓) that he was only driving at 20 miles per hour it may save him from serious consequences. How is particularism-universalism measured? (1) 14
- 20. Hampden-‐Turner & Trompenaars: Building Cross-‐Cultural Competence How is particularism-universalism measured? (2) Percentage of respondents opEng for a universalist system rather than a parEcular social group (answer c or b+e) 15
- 21. Hampden-‐Turner & Trompenaars: Building Cross-‐Cultural Competence How is particularism-universalism measured? (2) Percentage of respondents opEng for a universalist system rather than a parEcular social group (answer c or b+e) Linear profile continuum (连续体) 15
- 22. Hampden-‐Turner & Trompenaars: Building Cross-‐Cultural Competence How is particularism-universalism measured? (3) Non-linear profile 16
- 23. Hampden-‐Turner & Trompenaars: Building Cross-‐Cultural Competence How is particularism-universalism measured? (3) Non-linear profile Universalism Particularism a e d b c 16
- 24. Hampden-‐Turner & Trompenaars: Building Cross-‐Cultural Competence How is particularism-universalism measured? (3) Non-linear profile Universalism Particularism a e d b c 16
- 25. Hampden-‐Turner & Trompenaars: Building Cross-‐Cultural Competence Defining Corporate Cultures publicly and collecEvely accepted “meaning” “basic assumpEons” developed as the group or organizaEon learns to cope with its environment doing things around here 17
- 26. Hampden-‐Turner & Trompenaars: Building Cross-‐Cultural Competence Corporate Cultures - How It Works in Organisation • The general relaEonships between employees in the organizaEon. • The verEcal or hierarchical relaEonships between employees and their superiors or subordinates. • The relaEonships of employees in the organizaEon as a whole. 18
- 27. Hampden-‐Turner & Trompenaars: Building Cross-‐Cultural Competence 4 Corporate Cultures 19
- 28. Hampden-‐Turner & Trompenaars: Building Cross-‐Cultural Competence 4 Corporate Cultures Egalitarian Hierarchical People oriented Task oriented 19
- 29. Hampden-‐Turner & Trompenaars: Building Cross-‐Cultural Competence 4 Corporate Cultures Egalitarian Hierarchical People oriented Task oriented Incubator •person oriented •power of the individual •self-‐realizaEon •commitment to oneself •professional recogniEon Guided Missile •task orientaEon •power of knowledge •commitment to tasks •management by objecEves •pay for performance Eiffel Tower •role-‐orientaEon •power of posiEon •job descripEon •rules and procedures •order and predictability Family •power-‐orientaEon •personal relaEonships •entrepreneurial •affinity •power of person 19
- 30. Hampden-‐Turner & Trompenaars: Building Cross-‐Cultural Competence Transformation Egalitarian Hierarchical People oriented Task oriented Incubator Guided Missile Eiffel TowerFamily 20
- 31. Hampden-‐Turner & Trompenaars: Building Cross-‐Cultural Competence Transformation Egalitarian Hierarchical People oriented Task oriented Incubator Guided Missile Eiffel TowerFamily 20
- 32. Hampden-‐Turner & Trompenaars: Building Cross-‐Cultural Competence Transformation Egalitarian Hierarchical People oriented Task oriented Incubator Guided Missile Eiffel TowerFamily 20
- 33. Hampden-‐Turner & Trompenaars: Building Cross-‐Cultural Competence Transformation Egalitarian Hierarchical People oriented Task oriented Incubator Guided Missile Eiffel TowerFamily 20
- 34. Hampden-‐Turner & Trompenaars: Building Cross-‐Cultural Competence Transformation Egalitarian Hierarchical People oriented Task oriented Incubator Guided Missile Eiffel TowerFamily 20
- 35. Hampden-‐Turner & Trompenaars: Building Cross-‐Cultural Competence Transformation Egalitarian Hierarchical People oriented Task oriented Incubator Guided Missile Eiffel TowerFamily 1 2 5 6 7 8 4 3 20
- 36. Thank You Contact us via … Mail: hora_t@mac.com Follow: twitter@htjitra Website: http://horatjitra.com Zhejiang University, Hangzhou (China)