A mass casualty incident is defined as an event which generates more patients at one time than locally available resources can manage using routine procedures. It requires exceptional emergency arrangements and additional or extraordinary assistance.

2.  A disaster is a natural or human-made (or technological)
hazard resulting in an event of substantial extent causing
significant physical damage or destruction, loss of life, or
drastic change to the environment.
 A disaster is an event that results in a demand for services
that exceeds available resources.

3. A disaster is a serious disruption of the functioning
of a society, causing widespread human, material,
or environmental losses that exceed the ability of
the affected society to cope using only its own
resources.

4. 1. Human activities play a role in the frequency and
severity of disasters.
2. A natural disaster is a disruption in the balance of
the environment.

6.  A mass casualty incident is defined as an event which
generates more patients at one time than locally available
resources can manage using routine procedures. It
requires exceptional emergency arrangements and
additional or extraordinary assistance.

7.  High number of casualties with serious injuries.
 Insufficient availability of resources and medical
personnel to move in a timely manner.
 Inability to handle the wounded with the usual criteria.

8.  Every country develops such as programs or health policies
according to the safety needs and danger factors for mass
casualty incidence due to disasters.
 Even WHO build a Mass Casualty Management Systems and
defined acquired (Strategies and guidelines) for such as
program.

9. • Consider social, cultural, economic, demographic
situation and expected emergencies.Define project
• Team of emergency response.Planning Group
• country vulnerability to which dangers.Analyze Potential Problems
• Resources available to build such as program
(human and financial).Analyze Resources
• Coordination mechanisms between members or
agencies, ….etc.Role & Responsibilities
• Technical and administrative organization for the
emergency preparedness.Develop Strategy

10. 1. Agencies and responders:
2. Triage:
3. Treatment:
4. Transport:

12. Triage = establishing priorities of patient care for urgent
treatment based on the severity of their condition while
allocating limited resources.
S.M.A.R.T Triage
Simple Triage And Rapid Treatment

13. Initial triage:
Secondary triage:
• Minor injury (walking wounded)GREEN
• Delayed- can waitYELLOW
• Immediate!RED
BLACK dead

14. 1. Ambulation.
2. Respirations.
3. Perfusion.
4. Mental status.

15.  Treatment: given in area of incidence if available or after
transporting patients to health facilities.
 Transport:

16.  Many lives could be saved if the affected communities were
better prepared, with an organized scalable response
system already in place. In addition, survivors of mass
casualty incidents often suffer disabilities or health
impairment – physical or psychological. These can severely
strain the health sector. Again, much of this is avoidable.
 In September 2006, a Global Consultation on Mass
Casualty Management was held in Geneva at WHO
headquarters.

17.  Experience shows that the community is the first to provide
emergency assistance in such incidents.
 For this reason, preparedness planning increasingly
emphasizes building capacity (human, organizational and
infrastructural) at the community level. Empowering
communities to develop emergency management plans for
mass casualty incidents requires strong involvement by
health authorities at all levels, especially the national level,
as well as support from other sectors.

18. When disaster strikes, nurses are needed.
ANA has policy, resources, and educational opportunities
for nurses on disaster preparedness. When we are a
prepared profession, we can cope and help our
communities recover from disasters better, faster, and
stronger.