Current Concepts of Urban Regeneration slides for Urban Dynamics & Regeneration course.
Master of Science in Sustainable Urban Design, Razak Faculty, UTM Kuala Lumpur
2. Current Concept of Urban Regeneration
Current Concept of Urban Conservation and Regeneration
International Awareness
3. Outline
• Urban Regeneration
• Redevelopment vs Conservation
• Urban Regeneration – Local
Participation
• Case Study
• Conclusion
4. Definitions
“Comprehensive and integrated vision and
action which leads to resolution of urban
problems and which seeks to bring about
lasting improvement in the economic, physical,
social and environmental conditions of an area
that has been subject to change.” (Lichfield
1992)
A continuous process of remodeling older parts
of urban areas, including their central business
areas by means of rehabilitation and
conservation as well as redevelopment.
Urban Regeneration
7. Key Terms
1. Urban planning – the design of towns and cities
which aims to make them work more effectively for
the communities who live there
2. Urban Regeneration - The improvement of
run-down areas in towns and cities, bringing social,
economic & environmental benefits
8. Images of regeneration
• Revitalization / rebirth / restart / regrowth
• death / life : bring back life
• illness / health : restore health
• decline / growth ; end decline / bring growth
9. Principles of Urban Regeneration
• Sustainability use of natural resources
• Compliance with laws
• Concern the health and safety of residents
• Increased urban image
• Conservation of heritage cities
• Adding the value of city property and investment
opportunities
10. Why Urban Regeneration??
• Rising urbanization – Increasing unsustainable
• Urban Decline / Urban decay – Slum / Crime
• Increase of brownfield areas – To revitalize Old
City Center
• Traffic congestion – Optimize Existing
Infrastructure
• Urban sprawl – Infill development
12. Urban regeneration : A concept with many meanings
• Replace old land uses with new
• Population growth : new population
• Business : more, different kind: Science parks, tourism
• Jobs : More, a different kind
• Shoppimg facilities / sports arenas / cultural facilities
So there are :
many types of urban regeneration
having different aims and effects
13. Key Action for Urban Regeneration
• Viable Project
• Sense of Place
• Infill Development
• Architecture and Image
• Traffic Impact Study
• Social Impact Assessment
• Green Development
16. Redevelopment : new development, new buildings, new
community, new establishment, not rooted in the
community, not sure if it will grow healthily, not weave
well with existing urban fabric, too expensive…
Who will benefit? Developers? The primary and
the secondary property markets?
Who pays? Tax-payers? People are displaced,
business uprooted, community network shattered
17. Conservation? Just like some
pretty women and men who
seem to never grow old, they
are always young, full of
energy and good looking…
Old Buildings Make Great
Shops & Streets:
Old buildings are welcome by
business because of cheap rent
or land costs
Not all old buildings are
dilapidated
When put into good use, old
buildings contribute to
diversities, local character,
economic vibrancy and keeping a
place alive!
18. Improve Internal
Living Conditions:
If the internal living
conditions are poor in
old buildings, this does
NOT mean that the
buildings need to be
demolished
To borrow from Jane
Jacobs, ‘slums’ can be
‘unslummed’: lower the
population density,
improve the living
conditions
19. Social, Economic & Cultural Functions of Streets:
The social and economic functions of old buildings & streets go
beyond what can be seen: invisible social networks, economic
mutual support system, nurturing street smart kids, providing
defensible space
support the sustainability of a place
20. If we want sustainable renewal:
We should keep as many of the old buildings as possible
Unslum those ‘overcrowded’ ones and improve the internal
living conditions
Enact legislation to enforce responsible maintenance of
buildings
Keep street level shops to sustain vibrant local economy
City districts will be diversified; Jobs will be available;
Accumulation of social and economic capital is possible;
Sense of belonging can be increased
What is required: gradual changes, not ‘slash & burn’
27. The importance of a
local perspective
Acknowledge the
forces that exist for
regeneration in the old
districts
Recognise the social
and economic
functions of old areas
and communities in
urban sustainability
28. Local knowledge is essential local districts need to build up
capacity to plan, coordinate and manage at an understandable
scale
Then, local districts need to identify the appropriate renewal
mechanisms:
◦ Need for economic renewal—fostering diversities? Branding?
◦ Improving living conditions—internal? Population density?
Group-specific such as better housing for elderly?
◦ Rejuvenating historic and cultural resources?
29. Regeneration – Participation from local
Building people’s sense of belonging to the district, a place
they call home, ready to defend it…
30. Parco Nord Vegetable Gardens Milan, Italy
Participants can rent space where they grow their own
fruits, vegetables, and herbs close to residential areas.
31.
32.
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34.
35. Regeneration – Ideas??
Revitalization –
Knitting a place together with streets, public realm (open
spaces, public buildings), art display, interesting visual
corridors, street furniture…
Lacks vs Potential
45. Seoul Objectives:
Restore the cultural and historical heritages of downtown
Seoul
Bring back the ecosystem in the heart of the city
Initiate a balanced development; old and new city section
Provide hand-on eco experience to millions of citizens
47. The case of the Cheong Gye Cheon canal. After a long debate, the
Metropolitan Government of the city of Seoul, decided to re-open the
Cheong Gye Cheon canal, crossing the city centre East-West, closed in
the ‘60s and covered with a highway.
A huge investment of approx 700 Mil €. Work started in July 2003
and ended in only 27 months, September 2005, with the opening of
5,8 km of canal at the crossing with the river Han, in the city
centre.
48.
49. Cheonggyecheon, Seoul
Seoul Facts 1999:
Pollution: 85.4% automobiles, 12.7% heating, 1.7%industry, 0.2%power
How to control traffic ??
BEFORE
50. Traffic Chaos, Car Oriented City
(168.000cars/day, 62.5% through
traffic)
‘Ugly’ Landscape
Reject of original water stream
Air pollution
6 km highway !
5 medium bus lane
17 bridges, 5 pedestrian/cycling
bridges
Greenery, landscape, attractive
Public Place
Enhance surrounding building
51. Dismantling elevated highways
Prioritizing buses and other public transport
Restore original water stream
Lower surface temperatures (3.6ºC)
AFTER
Cheonggyecheon, Seoul
57. Policy of “More for Pedestrians”
Seoul Transport Reform
Reduce Space for Private Passenger Vehicle
• CheonggyeCheon
• Seoul Plaza
Improve Pedestrians Facility
• Improving Sidewalk Network
• Expand Pedestrian Crossings
58. Reform of Seoul Plaza
2004. 5. 1 Open →Restrain Traffic Flow →Ped. Square
60. Car Ownership in Korea (unit: 1,000 cars)
Year Passenge
r Car
Bus Truck Others Total
1980 249 42 226 9 528
1990 2,074 383 924 11 3,395
2000 8,084 1,428 2,511 37 8,469
2001 8,889 1,257 2,511 37 12,694
Seoul Transport Reform
61. All routes were passing through CBD before the reform
Seoul Transport Reform
62. Bus reform
Took effect on July 1, 2004
New bus routes and bus-only lanes
were introduced
To encourage more people to use
public transportation and ease
congestion on the roads.
64. Increase of speed for both bus and p-car
10 km/h to over 20 km/h
More carriage of passenger
6 times more passengers than other lanes
Less travel time variation
5 times less than other bus lanes
Achievements of ‘Seoul Transport Reform’
66. Bilbao, Spain
Bilbao was strongly affected by the industrial
crisis of the 1970’s. Within the metropolitan
area, 80,000 jobs in industry were lost.
67. The city of Bilbao has been internationally recognized for its urban
transformation process that turned an environmentally rundown urban
setting and an economy in a structural crisis into a cutting-edge, attractive
and advanced city.
68. BILBAO STRATEGY:
TRANSPORTATION
- SUBWAY LINE
- AIRPORT
IMPROVED INFRASTRUCTURE
-CLEANED WATERWAY
-IMPROVED DRAINAGE SYSTEMS
NEW RESIDENTIAL, LEISURE & BUSINESS COMPLEX
IMPROVED SEAFRONT & WATERFRONT
Relocate Industrial & Technology Park
ICONIC ARCHITECTURE
69. Before (1992) and after (2005) images of the Guggenheim site. Photos
courtesy BILBAO Ría 2000.
70. Guggenheim Museum Bilbao by Frank Gehry. The building is recognized as the
greatest work of architecture of the last 30 years.
80. SHRINKING CITY (CORE) ?
1. Sprawling
2. Increased Land (Rent) Price
3. Population shrinking – low birth rate
4. Sophisticated Infrastructure
5. Low Employment Opportunity in the city core
81. OSAKA CITY’S URBAN REVITALIZATION PROGRAM
Strengthening City’s Function In Creating Knowledge-Based
Businesses
Enhancing City’s Function In Attracting Many More Visitors to
Osaka
Developing Cultural Activities and Creating an Attractive
Osaka
Cooperating Economic, Tourism, and Urban Planning into ONE
PACKAGE
91. Superkilen, Nørrebro, Denmark: Superkilen is a kilometre-long park situated through an
area just north of Copenhagen’s city centre, considered one of the most ethnically
diverse and socially challenged neighborhoods in the Danish capital. The large-scale
project creates an urban space with a strong identity on a local and global scale.
Designed by BIG, TOPOTEK1 and Superflex.
Open June 2012
99. The High Line is a 1-mile New York City linear park built on a
1.45-mile section of the former elevated New York Central
Railroad spur called the West Side Line, which runs along the
lower west side of Manhattan.
Founded in 1999 by community residents, Friends of the High
Line fought for the High Line’s preservation and transformation
at a time when the historic structure was under the threat of
demolition.
The recycling of the railway into an urban park has spurred real
estate development in the neighborhoods which lie along the line.
The High Line , New York City, America
108. CONCLUSION:
Cities are inherently ‘organic’, renewing themselves constantly:
regenerate!
If we bear this in mind, urban renewal has to be regeneration renewal,
continuous renewal as an innate nature/quality—multi-dimensional,
community based, people-centred, place making and local identity
fostering
Let’s try not redevelop our cities as far as possible, let’s plan it with
conservation design.
The local perspective is essential if we want regeneration design and
renewal…
Fight for a city were the pedestrian is more important that the vehicle.-
Transform street intersections into public spaces.-Create a legal tool
that defends the rights of pedestrians.
Urban Regeneration