This document discusses the neuro-motor system and causes of cerebral and lower motor neuron disorders. It describes the anatomy including upper and lower motor neurons, motor units, and control circuits. Common cerebral motor disorders like cerebral palsy can present with cognitive, language, or seizure issues and abnormal tone like spasticity, leadpipe, or hypotonia. Investigations include brain MRI. Lower motor neuron causes may be genetic like spinal muscular atrophy or acquired such as polio, Guillain-Barré syndrome, or peripheral neuropathy. Neuromuscular junction disorders and muscular diseases are also discussed. Cerebral palsy suggestions include normal brain function with isolated motor dysfunction and floppy hypotonia with areflexia.

1. Prof Dr Hussein Abdeldayem
Prof and Chief of Ped Neurology Unit,
alex university
NEURO-MOTOR SYSTEM

2. CP
AFP= GBS
FLOPPY BABY: SMA

4. ACUTE FLACCID PARALYSIS
AFP
Dr Hussein Abdeldayem, MD
Professor of Pediatric Neurology

5. Brain (
pyramidal
cells and
tracts)
AHC PNs
NM
junction
Muscles
UMNL L M N L

6. Anatomy
1- UML

7.  Control Circuits
 1-cerebellum : motor and premotor areas
 2-basal ganglia
control and modify motor activity- prevent invol movements
 3- cerebellum

8. LMNL
 Motor unit – a lower motor neuron (ventral horn cell/CN
nucleus) + muscle fibers under its control
 alpha motor neuron AHC
 Root (anterior)
 axon (nerve)
 MN synapse
 muscle fibers
AHC

9. CEREBRAL MOTOR DISORDER
• CEREBRAL PALSY

10. C/P SUGGESTIONS
• Cognitive dysfunctions as GDD/MR
• Language delay
• Seizures
• TONE:
PYRAMIDAL:SPASTIC
EXTRPYRAMIDAL: LEADPIPE/cogwheel
CEREBELLUM: HYPOTONIA
INVESTIGATION
BRAIN MRI

11. LMNL CAUSES
• AHC:
1- GENETIC: SMA
2- ACQUIRED : polio
• Roots and Peripheral Nerves:
genetic: myelocele, HSMN
acquired: GBS (post-infectious), PNitis

12. • N-M junction:
genetic: Myasthenia Gavis
Acquired: botulinum toxin
• Muscular:
congenital: Myopathy, DMD
acquired: myositis

13. C/P SUGGESTIONS
• Normal Brain Function with only Motor
Dysfunction ( Motor Delay)
• Atonia: Floppy/ hypotonia
• Areflexia