Ijciet 06 09_013

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International Journal of Civil Engineering and Technology (IJCIET)
Volume 6, Issue 9, Sep 2015, pp. 139-146, Article ID: IJCIET_06_09_013
Available online at
http://www.iaeme.com/IJCIET/issues.asp?JTypeIJCIET&VType=6&IType=9
ISSN Print: 0976-6308 and ISSN Online: 0976-6316
© IAEME Publication
NAPHTHA REMOVAL FROM PETROLEUM
INDUSTRIAL EFFLUENT
Sherif A. Moustafa
Assistant Professor of Public Work Engineering, Construction and Building
Department, Faculty of Engineering, October 6th.University, EGYPT,
Mohamed H. Al Awady
Water Pollution Research Department,
National Research Centre, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt
M. A. Ashmawy
Assistant Professor of Sanitation and environmental
Department faculty of engineering Helwan University
ABSTRACT
The Purpose of this research is treat the industrial wastewater flow
generated from El Nasr Petroleum Company to the accepted quality before
discharging it into Suez Gulf. A series of bench scale experiments, were
conducted in order to determine the best treatment process for such kind of
industrial flow. This research succeeded to remove the phenolic compounds
(naphtha) from the industrial effluent to the level stated in Law 4/1994.
The optimum doses of both Fe2+ and H2O2 were determined using jar
test to remove color, odor and COD constituents from the industrial effluent.
The experimental results indicated that the optimum doses of 0.8 and 20
ml/l for Fe2+ and H2O2 respectively reduced COD concentration from 8200
to 500 mg/l in 30 minutes reaction time
Key words: Petroleum Refinery and Petrochemical Waste; Electrolysis,
Naphtha Removal
Cite this Article: Sherif A. Moustafa, Mohamed H. Al Awady and
M.A.Ashmawy. Naphtha Removal from Petroleum Industrial Effluent.
International Journal of Civil Engineering and Technology, 6(9), 2015, pp.
139-146.
http://www.iaeme.com/IJCIET/issues.asp?JTypeIJCIET&VType=6&IType=9
1. INTRODUCTION
Large amounts of water are used in a petroleum refinery and, consequently,
significant volumes of wastewater are generated (0.4-1.6 times the volume of
processed oil) (Fica-Piras 2000). Petroleum refinery wastewater and its major

2. Sherif A. Moustafa, Mohamed H. Al Awady and M.A.Ashmawy
http://www.iaeme.com/IJCIET/index.asp 140 editor@iaeme.com
components such as phenols and Benzene, Toluene, ethylbenzene and Xylene
(BTEX) and Naphtha has been studied to investigate the treatment efficiency by
using aerobic, anaerobic and anoxic or a combinations of two or more biological
conditions (1, 2,3,6.)
El-Nasr Petroleum Company is one of two refineries located at Suez governorate,
Egypt. The refinery is Egypt's largest with a capacity of 146,300 barrels per day
(bpd). It processes more than 30 percent of the petroleum produced in Egypt and
comprises of three crude distillation units, an accompanying asphalt production unit
and a power generation plant.
The company is discharging 16,800 m3/day of treated industrial wastewater
mixed with 216,000 m3/day cooling water with total wastewater flow of 233,000
m3/day into Suez Gulf. The quality of effluent from El Nasr Company is not
complying with Egyptian Environmental regulation in Egypt.
El Nasr Petroleum Company is specialized crude distillation and asphalt. The
industrial effluent of the company is discharged after passes through the existing
treatment units into Suez Gulf. The effluent does not comply with the parameters
stated in law No 4/1994 regarding the discharge into Sea. Therefore, the NPC
requested to study this situation and modify / upgrade the existing treatment process
to produce effluent complying with the parameters stated in law 4/1994.
The existing treatment process consists of API oil separator to remove oil and
grease. The total industrial wastewater is passed to Skim Basin where the 9000 m3
per hour cooling water is thoroughly mixed with the industrial wastewater coming
from Naphtha section. Naphtha represents the main source of organic pollutants, with
the maximum phenolic concentration, high alkalinity and chemical oxygen demand
which exceeding the trigger levels in Law 4/1994 for discharging the water onto the
sea shore.
Samples were collected from Naphtha department outlet, effluent water from
cooling process, influent waste to the API separator, effluent waste from API
separator and final wastewater discharged onto Suez Gulf. Table No. 1 presents the
characteristics of the industrial wastewater effluent from Naphtha department in the
El Nasr Petroleum Company.
Table 1 Characteristics of Industrial Wastewater flow from Naphtha Department
Parameters Unit Value
Maximum Limits
of Parameters in
Law 4/1994
Status
pH - 13.6 6 – 9 Not Comply
Chemical Oxygen Demand mg/L 8200 100 Not Comply
Biological Oxygen Demand mg/L 3286 60 Not Comply
Total Suspended Solids mg/L 438 60 Not Comply
Total Dissolved Solids mg/L 55600
Phosphate mg/L 0.4 5 Comply
Chlorides mg/L 420 10 Not Comply
Phenol mg/L 160 0.01 Not Comply
Total Kjeldahl Nitrogen mg/L 17 10 Not Comply

3. Naphtha Removal From Petroleum Industrial Effluent
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2. MATERIALS AND METHODS
Jar test was applied to the collected samples in order to determine the optimum doses
of Fe2+
and H2O2, the optimum pH and reaction time to achieve maximum color, odor
and COD removal efficiencies.
The effect of different variables was studied by changing each in turn while
keeping the other constant.
2.1. Analytical Measurements
The materials used in the experiments were Fe2SO4·7H2O solution and lime slurry
and H2O2 solution of (30%) (H2SO4 30%) and [Ca (OH)2] of 50% were prepared
daily.
All experiments were carried out in the jar test. Mixing speed of the apparatus was
adjustable between 0 and 250 rpm. The pH-measurement was carried out using a pH-
meter. The measured parameters of wastewater during the experiments were
Chemical Oxygen Demand (mg/l), Total Suspended Solids (TSS, mg/l), total Kjeldahl
Nitrogen, Nitrite, Nitrate, Ammonia, pH and Oil & Grease. All parameters have been
measured according to procedures given in the American Standard Methods, APHA
(2008). The Naphtha industrial wastewater samples were obtained from the effluent
from the Naphtha Department. The experiments were carried out at the laboratory of
water pollution in NRC.
3. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
The optimal reaction conditions determined by following up the removal of COD and
phenol, respectively. The effect of Fenton's reagent dosages on Fenton oxidation are
summarized as follows:
3.1. Optimum pH
The experiments were carried out using Jar tests to determine the optimum pH versus
removal of both COD and Phenol. It is found that the optimum pH value to achieve
the maximum removal of both COD and Phenol ranges from 9.5 to 10.5.
3.2. Optimum Detention Time
Figure 1 COD Removal versus Detention Time

4. Sherif A. Moustafa, Mohamed H. Al Awady and M.A.Ashmawy
http://www.iaeme.com/IJCIET/index.asp 142 editor@iaeme.com
Figure 2 Phenol Removal versus Detention Time
Figures 1 and 2 show that the optimum detention time for removal of both COD
and Phenol is 30 minutes. It is found that 10 minutes detention time can achieve
removal efficiency of COD and Phenol reaches up to 95% but in order to achieve the
limits stated in law 4/1994, the detention time shall be increased to be 30 minutes.
3.3. Hydrogen Perxide (30%) Dose
Figure 3 COD Removal versus Hydrogen Perxide (30%) Dose
Figures 3 and 4 show that the optimum dose of hydrogen peroxide (30%) can
reduce the concentration of COD and phenol to the limits stated in law 4/1994 at dose
equal 65 ml/l.

5. Naphtha Removal From Petroleum Industrial Effluent
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Figure 4 Phenol Removal versus Hydrogen Perxide (30%) Dose
3.4. Optimum Dose of Fe2+ versus COD
Figure 5 COD Removal versus Fe2+
Dose
Figure 6 Phenol Removal versus Fe2+
Dose

6. Sherif A. Moustafa, Mohamed H. Al Awady and M.A.Ashmawy
http://www.iaeme.com/IJCIET/index.asp 144 editor@iaeme.com
Figures 5 and6 show that the optimum dose of Fe2+
can reduce the concentration of
COD and phenol to the limits stated in law 4/1994 at dose equal 5 and 8 mg/l
respectively.
3.5. Proposed Industrial Wastewater Treatment Units
3.5.1. Naphtha Effluent
Spent caustic from Naphtha Treatment Unit will be treated according to the Fenton
reaction. The collected spent caustic is treated with Acid, Ferrous Sulfate, and
Peroxide. This treatment will reduce the phenol, COD and associated TKN content
prior to discharge in the main oily water stream.
3.5.2. API separator Effluent
Effluent from API separator will be treated by flocculation and Dissolved air
floatation. This treatment will reduce the Total Suspended Solids, COD, and
associated TKN before discharge to the skim basin for dilution.
The following process flow diagram shows the proposed treatment process.
Proposed Industrial Wastewater Treatment Process for Portion 1 (from
Naphtha Department- Phenol Removal) – Flow 12.5 m3/hr
Spent
Caustic
pH
adjustment
Fe2SO4
Addition
H2O2
Addition
Discharge
to Oily
Water
Stream
From API
Separator
Alum
Addition
Flocculation
Dissolved
Air
Floatation
Discharge
to Skim
Basin
Fe2+
H2O2 Caustic
Soda
Flow 12.5m3
/hr ToExisting API
Temperature Reduction
(Cooling)
Schematic FlowDiagramfor Industrial Wastewater fromNaphthaDepartment
Fe2+Fe2+pH
Adjustment pH Adjustment

7. Naphtha Removal From Petroleum Industrial Effluent
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Proposed Industrial Wastewater Treatment Process for Portion 2 (from
Other Departments - COD and TSS Removal) – Flow 725 m3/hr
4. CONCLUSION OF THE TREATABILITY STUDY
From the previous results the following are concluded that the optimal operating
conditions are as follows:
1. Reaction time is 30 minutes to complete the reaction.
2. The Fe2+
dose is 0.8 g/l.
3. The (30 %) H2O2 dose is 65 ml/l.
4. The starting pH value up to 10, reduced to the level of optimal value of the
reaction.
5. The reduction in COD reaches up the required level in law 4/1994
6. The reduction in phenol reaches up the required level in law 4/1994
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Alumdose
100mg/liter
Flow 725m3
/hr ToExisting API
Schematic FlowDiagramfor Industrial Wastewater fromOther Departments
Fe2+
Flocculation
Tank15min
Fe2+
Flash
Mixingtank
1 min
Dissolved
FlotationTanks

8. Sherif A. Moustafa, Mohamed H. Al Awady and M.A.Ashmawy
http://www.iaeme.com/IJCIET/index.asp 146 editor@iaeme.com
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