DESIGN CONTROL SYSTEM OF AN AIRCRAFT

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International Journal of Electrical Engineering & Technology (IJEET)
Volume 7, Issue 5, Sep–Oct, 2016, pp.79–88, Article ID: IJEET_07_05_008
Available online at
http://www.iaeme.com/IJEET/issues.asp?JType=IJEET&VType=7&IType=5
ISSN Print: 0976-6545 and ISSN Online: 0976-6553
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© IAEME Publication
REDUCTION OF HARMONIC DISTORTION IN BLDC
DRIVE USING BL-BUCK BOOST CONVERTER BLDC
DRIVE
Rajesh A V, Bindu S J. and Rekha T.
Electrical and Electronics Engineering, College of Engineering Perumon/CUSAT, India.
ABSTRACT
Conventional dc motors have many attractive properties such as high efficiency and linear
torque speed characteristics. The main drawback of the dc motor is the need of periodic
maintenance. The brushes of the mechanical commutator eventually wear out and cause
undesirable effects such as sparks and acoustic noise. Brushless dc motors (BLDC) in many cases
replace conventional dc motors . This paper presents the simulation of a PFC bridgeless (BL)
buck-boost convertor fed brushless direct current motor drive and compares its performance with a
conventional boost converter drive. The speed control the BLDC motor is done by controlling the
dc link voltage of the voltage source inverter (VSI). A BLDC motor when fed by a diode bridge
rectifier (DBR)with a high value of DC link capacitor draws peaky current which causes total
harmonic distortion (THD) of the supply current in the order of 65% and power factor as low as
0.8 . A BL configuration of the buck-boost converter offers the elimination of DBR reducing the
conduction losses. The performance of the proposed model is simulated in MATLAB/Simulink
environment.
Key words: Bridgeless (BL,) diode bride rectifier (DBR), power factor corrected (PFC), total
harmonic distortion (THD), discontinuous inductor current mode (DICM).
Cite this Article: Rajesh A V, Bindu S J.and Rekha T., Reduction of Harmonic Distortion in
BLDC Drive using Bl-Buck Boost Converter BLDC Drive. International Journal of Electrical
Engineering & Technology, 7(5), 2016, pp. 79–88.
http://www.iaeme.com/IJEET/issues.asp?JType=IJEET&VType=7&IType=5
1. INTRODUCTION
BLDC Motors are actually a type of permanent magnet synchronous motors. It has a rotor with permanent
magnets and stators with windings .They are driven by dc voltage but current commutation is done by solid
state switches. The commutation instants are determined by the rotor position and the position of the rotor
is detected either by position sensors or by sensor less techniques. BLDC motors have many advantages
over conventional DC motors. Few of the advantages are long operating life, high dynamic response, high
efficiency better speed v/s torque characteristics noiseless operation higher speed range and higher torque-
weight ratio. These BLDC motors are not limited to household applications but are also used in
automotive, aerospace, consumer, medical, industrial automation equipments and instrumentation. Power
quality problems have become important issues to be considered due to recommended limit of harmonics

2. Rajesh A V, Bindu S J.and Rekha T.
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in the supply current by various international power quality standards such as the International Electro-
technical Commission (IEC). A BLDC motor when fed by a DBR with high value of dc link capacitor
draws peaky current which leads to a THD of supply current of the order of 65% and power factor as low
as 0.8.So as to avoid the disadvantages a DBR followed by a power factor corrected converter is utilized
for improving the power quality at ac mains.
This paper attempts to study and compare the improved BL-buck boost converter fed BLDC motor
drive with the conventional boost converter drive. The comparative analysis is done using a MATLAB /
SIMULINK environment.
2. BL-BUCK BOOST CONVERTER FED BLDC MOTOR DRIVE
The parameters of the BL buck-boost converter are designed such that it operates in discontinuous inductor
mode (DCIM) to achieve an inherent power factor correction at ac mains. The speed control of BLDC
motor is achieved by the dc link voltage control of VSI using a BL buck-boost converter .This reduces the
switching losses in VSI due to the low frequency operation of VSI for the electronic commutation of the
BLDC motor. The proposed converter is shown in figure 1
Figure 1 Proposed BL Buck Boost Converter
2.1. Operating Principle of PFC Buck-Boost Converter
In the proposed drive of BL BUCK BOOST converter, switches Sw1 and Sw2 operate for the positive and
negative half cycles of the supply voltage respectively. During positive half cycle of the supply voltage,
switch Sw1, inductor Li1, diodes D1 and Dp are operated to transfer energy to dc link capacitor Cd .
Similarly, for the negative half cycle of the supply voltage, switch Sw2, inductor Li2, and diodes D2 and
Dn conducts to transfer energy to the dc link voltage . Working of the proposed converter is shown in
figure 2.

3. Reduction of Harmonic Distortion in BLDC Drive using Bl-Buck Boost Converter BLDC Drive
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Figure 2 (a)
Figure 2 (b)
Figure 2 Shows the working of BL buck- boost converter during positive and negative half cycles
2.2. Design of Proposed BL Buck Boost Converter
=
2√2 ×
=
2√2 × 220
≈ 198
The voltage conversion ratio for a buck boost converter is given as
=
+
Here the proposed converter is designed for dc link voltage from 50V (Vdc min) to 200V (Vdc
max).Hence the minimum and maximum duty ratio as dmin= 0.2016 ,dmax=0.5025.
2.2.1. Design of Input Inductors (Li1 and Li2)
For the buck-boost converter, the value of Lic1 required to operate in critical conduction mode is given as,
=
( )
.
When R is the equivalent load resistance , d is the duty ratio and fs is the switching frequency.
Since the converter operates even at low duty ratio in DICM , the value of Lic1 is calculated at
the worst duty ratio of dmin
=
(1 − )
2!"
=
50
90
(1 − 0.2016)
2 × 2000
= 442.67() .
The value of inductances Li1 and Li2 are taken less than 1/10th of the minimum critical value of
inductances to ensure deep DICM condition; hence the value of inductance is approximately taken as
35μH.
2.2.2. Design of DC link Capacitance (Cd)
The value of the dc link capacitor is calculated for the designed value of Vdc des,
, =
-.
2/∆
=
1
2"
3
2/∆
=
350 100⁄
2 × 314 × 0.03 × 100
= 1857.7(6
Nearest possible value of dc link capacitance is selected as 2200μF

4. Rajesh A V, Bindu S J.and Rekha T.
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2.2.3. Design of Input Filter (Lf and Cf)
, 89 =
-:28;
/< :28;
tan(@) =
350
220
(
1
314 × 220√2
)tan(1°)
= 401.98(6
Approximately the value of Cf is taken as 330Nf
= B2C + →
1
4, !
B2C =
1
4 × 2000 × 330 × 10 E
− 0.04 F
1
314
G H
200
350
I = 1.57J).
Finally, a low pass filter with inductor and capacitor of 1.6 mH and 330 nF is selected for this
particular application
3. SIMULATED PERFORMANCE OF THE PROPOSED BLDC MOTOR DRIVE
The proposed model is shown in figure 4. The parameters associated with the BLDC motor such as speed
(N), electro-magnetic torque (Te), and stator current (ia) are analyzed for the proper functioning of the
BLDC motor. Parameters such as supply voltage (Vs), supply current (is), dc link voltage (Vdc), inductor’s
currents (iLi1, iLi2), switch voltages (Vsw1, Vsw2), and switch currents (isw1, isw2) of the PFC BL
buck–boost converter are evaluated to demonstrate its proper functioning.
Figure 3 Block diagram of PFC BL buck boost converter fed BLDC motor drive
4. RESULT ANALYSIS
The simulation of the proposed BL buck boost converter is performed in MATLAB 2014/simulink.

5. Reduction of Harmonic Distortion in BLDC Drive using Bl-Buck Boost Converter BLDC Drive
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4.1. Steady State Performance of Proposed Drive
The performance of the proposed converter BLDC motor drive at speed control by varying dc link voltage
from 50 to 200 V is tabulated in Table I. The harmonic spectra of the supply current at rated and light load
conditions, i.e., dc link voltages of 200Vand 50 V, are also shown in figure 4.
Table 1 Variation of PF & THD with varying dc link voltage
Vdc
(v)
N
(rpm)
THD of
Is(%)
PF
50 372 4.65 0.9776
100 850 4.32 0.9794
150 1425 3.85 0.9803
200 1528 3.99 0.9813
Figure 4 (a)
Figure 4 (b)
Figure 4 Harmonic spectra of supply current at rated supply voltage and rated loading on proposed BLDC motor
drive for a dc link voltage of (a) 200v and (b) 50v

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4.2. Performance of Proposed Drive under Supply Voltage Variation
The performance of the proposed drive is evaluated under different supply voltage (90 & 270). Figure 5 (
a) and (b) shows the harmonic spectra of supply current at ac mains at rated conditions of dc link voltage
and load on the BLDC motor with supply voltage as 90 and 270 V, respectively. It is obtained that for 90v
supply THD is 3.98 and for 270V it is 4.00.
Figure 5 (a)
Figure 5 (b)
Figure 5 Harmonic spectra of supply current at rated loading on proposed BLDC motor drive with dc link voltages
as 200V and supply voltages as (a) 90v and (b) 270v
Figure 6 waveform showing current in switches (Q1&Q), diodes (d1&d2), inductor (L1&L2)

7. Reduction of Harmonic Distortion in BLDC Drive using Bl-Buck Boost Converter BLDC Drive
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Figure 7 Waveform showing THD analysis of BLDC drive under rated condition using BL Buck Boost Converter
Table 2 Comparison between conventional and proposed system
4.3. Obtained Simulated Result
From the simulation of the proposed BL-Buck boost converter, it is obtained that the power factor and
THD shows a great improvement than conventional BLDC drives. The corresponding waveforms of the
proposed drive are shown in figure 6. The THD analysis of the proposed drive is shown in figure 7.
5. HARDWARE VALIDATION OF PROPOSED BLDC MOTOR DRIVE
The control section for the proposed drive is developed by using an ATMEGA 16 microcontroller. The
necessary circuitry for isolation between controller and gate drivers of solid-state switches is developed
using the TLP 250 IC’s. A pre-filtering and isolation circuit for the Hall-Effect sensor is also developed for
sensing the Hall-effect position signals. Test results are discussed in the following sections.
5.1. Steady State Performance
The performance of the proposed drive is evaluated with the experimental setup developed as shown in
figure 8.The output waveforms from different sections such as drivers, controllers, synchronizers and
inverters where taken. These are shown under figure
S L NO:
TOPOLOGIES POWER FACTOR THD
(%)
1.
2.
3.
4.
Bridged Boost Converter Drive
Bridged Buck Boost Converter Drive
Bridgeless Boost Converter Drive
BL-Buck Boost Converter Drive
0.74
0.83
0.92
0.98
90.85
64.81
43.59
3.86

8. Rajesh A V, Bindu S J.and Rekha T.
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Figure 8 Experimental setup
Figure 9 Pulses to inverter complimentary switches 180 phase shift (A-A’)
Figure 10 Pulses to adjacent inverter switches 60 Phase shift (A, B)

9. Reduction of Harmonic Distortion in BLDC Drive using Bl-Buck Boost Converter BLDC Drive
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Figure 11 Output of inverter
Figure 12 (a)
Figure 12 (b)
Figure 12 Waveforms showing pulses to converter switches (Sw1 & Sw2)

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6. CONCLUSION
The performance of the PFC BL buck boost converter has been evaluated both simulation and hardware
wise. The proposed drive is evaluated under variation of different motor load, dc link voltages and supply
voltage variations. The proposed drive is compared with the conventional BLDC drive using boost
converter. The results show that the PFC BL buck boost converter BLDC drive has a greater efficiency
than the conventional drive. There is a greater improvement in supply current and hence PF compared to
conventional drive. It is a recommended solution applicable to low power BLDC motor drives.
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