We've all heard about how on-demand computing and storage will transform scientific practice. But by focusing on resources alone, we're missing the real benefit of the large-scale outsourcing and consequent economies of scale that cloud is about. The biggest IT challenge facing science today is not volume but complexity. Sure, terabytes demand new storage and computing solutions. But they're cheap. It is establishing and operating the processes required to collect, manage, analyze, share, archive, etc., that data that is taking all of our time and killing creativity. And that's where outsourcing can be transformative. An entrepreneur can run a small business from a coffee shop, outsourcing essentially every business function to a software-as-a-service provider--accounting, payroll, customer relationship management, the works. Why can't a young researcher run a research lab from a coffee shop? For that to happen, we need to make it easy for providers to develop "apps" that encapsulate useful capabilities and for researchers to discover, customize, and apply these "apps" in their work. The effect, I will argue, will be a dramatic acceleration of discovery.

1. What the cloud reallymeans for science Ian Foster Computation Institute University of Chicago & Argonne National Laboratory

2. Science is merely an extremely powerful method of winnowing what’s true from what feels good — Carl Sagan

3. J.C.R. Licklider on thinking (1960) About 85%of my “thinking” time was spent getting into a position to think, to make a decision, to learn something I needed to know

4. “At one point, it was necessary to compare six experimental determinations of a function relating speech-intelligibilityto speech-to-noise ratio. No two experimenters had used the same definition or measure of speech-to-noise ratio. Several hours of calculating were required to get the data into comparable form. When they were in comparable form, it took only a few seconds to determine what I needed to know.”

6. 42%!!

8. Publish papers

9. Find, configure, install relevant software

10. Find, access, analyze relevant data

11. Order supplies

12. Write proposals

13. Write reports

15. Software-as-a-Service (SaaS) Platform-as-a-Service (PaaS) Infrastructure-as-a-Service (IaaS)

16. Software-as-a-Service (SaaS) Platform-as-a-Service (PaaS) Infrastructure-as-a-Service (IaaS)

17. Time-consuming tasks in business Web presence Email (hosted Exchange) Calendar Telephony (hosted VOIP) Human resources and payroll Accounting Customer relationship mgmt Data analytics Content distribution … SaaS

18. Time-consuming tasks in business Web presence Email (hosted Exchange) Calendar Telephony (hosted VOIP) Human resources and payroll Accounting Customer relationship mgmt Data analytics Content distribution … SaaS IaaS

20. Publish papers

21. Find, configure, install relevant software

22. Find, access, analyze relevant data

23. Order supplies

24. Write proposals

25. Write reports

28. Publish papers

29. Find, configure, install relevant software

30. Find, access, analyze relevant data

31. Order supplies

32. Write proposals

33. Write reports

35. Publish papers

36. Find, configure, install relevant software

37. Find, access, analyze relevant data

38. Order supplies

39. Write proposals

40. Write reports

42. SaaS defined (Gartner) 1. The application is owned, delivered, and managed remotely by one or more providers 2. The application is based on a single code base that is consumed in a one-to-many model by all contracted customers at any time 3. The application is licensed on pay-per-use or subscription basis ———————————————————————————— 4. The application behind the service is properly web architected—not an existing application web enabled [D. Terrar]

43. Globus Toolkit Globus Online Build the Grid Components for building custom grid solutions globustoolkit.org Use the Grid Cloud-hostedfile transfer service globusonline.org

50. “CLI 2.0”

51. Command Endpoints scp go#ep1:/share/godata/file1.txt br /> go#ep2:~/myfile.txt

52. cancel details endpoint-activate endpoint-add endpoint-deactivate endpoint-list endpoint-modify endpoint-remove endpoint-rename events ls profile scp status transfer versions wait

53. 28.6 Terabytes 31,000 files 56h 44m No human intervention Astrophysics simulation data generated in Tennessee, moved to Illinois for visualization (Enzo, UCSD; Futures Lab, Argonne)

54. A peek inside Globus Online Datastore Profiles + state GridFTP Worker Worker Consumer Worker Consumer Worker Consumer GridFTP Worker Consumer Request collector Notificationtarget

55. A B

56. 11 x 125 files 200 MB each 11 users 12 sites

57. Coming soon Lightweight transfer agent For firewalls, sites without GridFTP installed Higher-level data management capabilities Group management Data publication, replication, etc. Workflow Additional protocol support HTTP, SRM, … Condor integration (version 7.6.0) Stage in and stage out

59. Publish papers

60. Find, configure, install relevant software

61. Find, access, analyze relevant data

62. Order supplies

63. Write proposals

64. Write reports

66. Students Researcher Partners Distributedbig data Third-party Web apps Research App store Resources

67. Acknowledgements Numerous people have contributed to the Globus Online work, including: Bryce Allen, Joshua Boverhof, John Bresnahan, Lisa Childers, Paul Dave’, Fred Dech, Ian Foster, Dan Gunter, GopiKandaswany, Nick Karonis, Raj Kettimuthu, Jack Kordas, Lee Liming, Mike Link, Stu Martin, JP Navarro, Karl Pickett, Mei Hui Su, Steve Tuecke, Vas Vasiliadis Many thanks to our funders: DOE, NSF, and the University of Chicago

68. Thank you! Ian Foster foster@anl.gov Computation Institute University of Chicago & Argonne National Laboratory