1. Software Development
Mr Arthur

2. Aims of the Lesson
 To introduce the 7 steps of the Software
Development Process
 To exam in detail the Analysis Stage

3. The Software Development
Process
 When developing new software the developer would
follow these steps
 A Analysis
 Dance Design
 In Implementation
 The Testing
 Dark Documentation
 Every Evaluation
 Monday Maintenance

4. Analysis Stage
 Analysis = Deciding what type of software
you want to create, and what features you
want it to have.
 At the Analysis stage the Customer, Systems
Analyst and Programmer agree on the
software required and create a Software
Specification
 Software Specification = a legally binding
document that outlines what the developer is
going to create

5. Programming Task
 I want a program that asks for 5 pupils
names. The program then asks for their NAB
scores out of 20. The program then displays
the name of each pupil, their score and
whether they have passed or failed. Pass is
>=12. Use TABS to display

6. Aims of the Lesson 2
 To exam in detail the Design, Implementation
and Testing Stage of the SDP

7. Design Stage
 At the Design Stage the
problem is broken down and a
method of solving the problem
is identified
 Design Notations
 Algorithms – pseudocode
 Where you break the program up into
steps in English
 Structure Diagrams
 Where you create a graphical
representation of the steps

8. Implementation and Testing
Stages
 Implementation
 The programmer coding the
algorithm into the chosen
language
 Testing
 May involve an Independent
Test Group to make sure
the program meets the
Program Specification
 Normal = data within the
normal range
 Extreme = data at the
boundaries of the normal
range
 Exceptional = data outside
the normal range

9. Program Task
 I want a program that asks for the names of 5
contestants and their votes. The program
should validate the votes between 0 and
1000. The program should display the name
of each contestant, their votes using tabs and
display the person with the least votes.

10. Aims of the Lesson 3
 To exam in detail the Documentation,
Evaluation and Maintenance Stages of the
SDP

11. Documentation and Evaluation
Stages
Documentation
 User Guide = A set of
instructions on how to install
and use the software. May
include tutorials and FAQs
 Technical Guide = This
document details the
technical requirements i.e
RAM, disk space. It may
also info on previous
versions and upgrades
Evaluation
 The software would be
evaluated on the following:
 Fitness for purpose
 Does the program do what it is
meant to do?
 User interface
 How user friendly is the
interface
 Readability
 Does the program has suitable
commentary
 Have tabs been used on If
statements, for loops to make it
easier to read

12. Software Revision Quiz
1. List the 7 stages of the Software Development
Cycle
2. What document is created at the Analysis
Stage
3. Give 2 Design notations that are used at the
Design stage
4. A program asks for a number between 1 and
100. Name 3 tests that would be carried out to
fully test the program. Give examples of the
test data
5. Give 2 documents that are created at the
Documentation stage of the SDP process

13. Aims of the Lesson 4
 To exam in detail the Maintenance Stages of
the SDP
 To complete the baby programming task in
pairs

14. Maintenance Stage
Maintenance
 Corrective
 Fixing errors in the program
 Corrective Maintenance is not paid for by the customer as the
software does not do what it is meant to and does not match
the Software Specification
 Adaptive
 Changing the software to run on a different Operating System
or environment
 Perfective
 Adding new features and improving the program in some way
 The customer would pay for this as not in Software Spec

15. Program Task
 I want a program that asks for the name, date of birth, birth
weight in pounds and hospital born of 5 babies. The
program should validate their weight between 1 pound and
13 pounds. The program should classify the babies as
 Underweight < 3 pounds
 Normal >=3 and < 9
 Overweight >=9.
 The program should then generate a baby id that will be put
on their baby bracelet. The id should be the first 3 letters of
their name, date of birth and first 5 letters of the hospital
 The program should use Tabs and display name, dob, birth
weight, classification, hospital and baby id.

16. Aims of the Lesson 5
 Machine Code
 High Level Languages

17. Machine Code
 Machine Code is the only language a
computer can process
 101010101
 It is an impossible language to program in
and errors would be inevitable

18. High Level Languages
 A High Level Languages is a programming
language that uses everyday words
 IF, Then, For
 Features
 English like words
 Build in functions like left, right, mid, ucase
 Must be translated to machine code
 Can be run on different environments
 Arithmetic functions can be performed */+-

19. Aims of the Lesson 6
 Translators
 Interpreter
 Compiler

20. Translators
 All programs written in a
High Level Language
must be translated to
Machine Code
 Interpreters
 Translates the program
one line at a time
 Easier for user to identify
errors
 Interpreter takes up RAM
as it is present during
translation
 Compilers
 Translates the High
Level Language into
Machine Code in one
operation
 Uses less RAM as
after translation
Compiler does not
need to be present
 Hard to find errors

21. Name, Section 1, Section 2, Section 3,
Programming Coursework, System
Coursework, Overall Score, Grade (A. B etc
 I want a program that asks for the marks of 3
pupils. It should ask for their name, section 1
marks (15), section 2 (30), section 3 (25),
Programming Coursework (15), Systems
Coursework (15). It should add up their score
and display their grade
 A = 70+/B = 60-69/C = 50-59/D = 40-49/NA = <40
1. Get user input
2. Calculate overall mark out of 100
3. Grade pupils
4. Display name, overall mark and grade

22. Lesson Starter
1. What is the difference between a High Level
language and machine code?
2. What is the difference between an
Interpreter and a Compiler
3. What document is created at the Analysis
stage of the SDC
4. Give 3 different factors we Evaluate
software on (FUR)

23. Aims of the Lesson 7
Today’s Lesson
 Macros
 Text Editors
Last Lessons
 Software Development Cycle
 Analysis – Software Specification
 Design – Algorithm/Structure
Diagram
 Testing –
Normal/Extreme/Exceptional
 Evaluation
 Maintenance
 Machine Code
 High Level Languages
 Translators
 Interpreter
 Compiler

24. Macros/Text Editor
 Macro
 A feature of Application
program where the
user can record mouse
clicks and assign them
to a shortcut
 Formatting text
 Adding page numbers
 Changing page layout
 Save/Print document
 Text Editor
 A window where the
programmer enters a
high level language
 Copy and paste code
 Edit code
 Indent loops/ifs
 Highlight commentary

25. Aims of the Lesson 7
Today’s Lesson
 Variables
 Arrays
Last Lessons
 Software Development Cycle
 Analysis – Software Specification
 Design – Algorithm/Structure
Diagram
 Testing –
Normal/Extreme/Exceptional
 Evaluation
 Maintenance
 Machine Code
 High Level Languages
 Translators
 Interpreter
 Compiler
 Macros
 Text Editors

26. Variable/Arrays
 Variable
 A variable is an item of data
that is given a name and
data type and is stored in
the computers memory for
later use in a program
 Data Types
 String = storing text
 Integer = whole number
 Single = non whole
numbers
 One dimensional
Array
 An array is used to store a
list of values that are the
same data type
 Each value is given an
index number
 Dim age(5) as integer
 Age(1), Age(2) etc

27. Lesson Starter
1. What is a Macro?
2. Give 2 features of a Text Editor
3. What is a Variable?
4. What is an Array?
5. Give 2 data types you would associate with
an Integer

28. Aims of the Lesson 7
Today’s Lesson
• Programming Theory
• Input/Process/Output
• Arithmetic Operations
• Predefined Functions
• Logical Operations
Last Lessons
 Software Development Cycle
 Analysis – Software Specification
 Design – Algorithm/Structure Diagram
 Testing – Normal/Extreme/Exceptional
 Evaluation
 Maintenance
 Machine Code
 High Level Languages
 Translators
 Interpreter
 Compiler
 Macros
 Text Editors
 Variables
 Arrays

29. Software Development
 All program can be split
up into 3 steps
 Input
length = InputBox(“……”)
 Process
Area = length * breadth
 Output
pctDisplay.print Area
Arithmetic Operations
Area = length * breadth
 Addition +
 Subtraction –
 Division /
 Multiplication *

30. Software Development
 Predefined Functions
 A predefined function
is a piece of code that
has already been
written for you
 UCASE(uname)
 LCASE(uname)
 LEFT(uname,3)
 RIGHT(uname,5)
 ROUND(Depth)
 Logical Operators
AND
If length = 5 AND breadth = 10 then
pctDisplay.print ……..
OR
If length = 5 OR breadth = 10 then
pctDisplay.print ……..
NOT
If NOT(length = 10) then
pctDisplay.print ……..

31. Aims of the Lesson 8
Today’s Lesson
• Programming Theory
• Loops
• Fixed
• Conditional
• Nested
• Standard Algorithms
• Input Validation
• Counting Occurrences
• Finding Max
• Finding Min
• Linear Search
Last Lessons
 Software Development Cycle
 Analysis – Software Specification
 Design – Algorithm/Structure Diagram
 Testing – Normal/Extreme/Exceptional
 Evaluation
 Maintenance
 Machine Code
 High Level Languages
 Translators
 Macros
 Text Editors
 Variables
 Arrays
 Input/Process/Output
 Arithmetic Operations
 Predefined Functions
 Logical Operations

32. Loops
 A Loop is used to repeat a group of instructions
 Fixed Loop
 A fixed loop repeats the code a set number of
times
For num = 1 to 10
Age(num) = inputbox(“Enter age”)
Next num

33. Loops
 Conditional Loop
 Where the loop ends when the condition is met
Do While
Do while age < 1 and age > 100
Age = inputbox(“Not valid”)
Loop
Loop Until
Do
Age = inputbox(“Enter age”)
Loop until age = 15

34. Standard Algorithms
Input Validation
1.1 Get name of golfer and score for the round
1.2 Do while score < 55 and score > 120
1.3 Display an error message, prompt user to re-enter
1.4 End loop
Finding Minimum
2.1 Set the lowest place in the array to minimum
2.2 For the size of the array
2.3 If the current score is lower than minimum then set to minimum
2.4 End if
2.5 Loop

35. Standard Algorithms
Finding Maximum
3.1 Set the lowest place in the array to maximum
3.2 For the size of the array
3.3 If the current score is higher than maximum then set to maximum
3.4 End if
3.5 Loop
Linear Search
4.1 Ask user for the target golfer
4.2 loop for each item in the list
4.3 If current item = target value then
4.4 Display message showing their score
4.5 Else display an error message
4.5 end if
4.6 end loop

36. Standard Algorithms
Counting Occurrences
5.1 Set the Counter to 0
5.2 Loop round for all the positions in the array
5.3 If the current position is “Chips”
5.4 Add 1 to Counter
5.5 End If
5.6 Close loop

37. Arrangements
Software Development Process
 Description of the stages (in order) of the software development process: analysis,
design, implementation, testing, documentation, evaluation, maintenance
 Description and exemplification of pseudocode and one graphical design notation
(structure diagram or other suitable)
 Description and exemplification of appropriate test data (normal, extreme and
exceptional)
 Description of the features of a user guide and a technical guide
 Evaluation of software in terms of fitness for purpose, user interface and readability
Software development languages and environments
 Description and comparison of machine code and high level languages
 Explanation of the need for translation; description of the functioning of interpreters
and compilers
 Description of the process of recording a macro and assigning it to a keystroke
 Description of a macro, and examples of the use of macros
 Description of the features and use of a text editor

38. Arrangements
High level programming language constructs
 Description and exemplification of the following constructs in an appropriate
high level language: input and output, assignment, arithmetical operations
(+,-,*,/,^) and logical operators (AND, OR, NOT), fixed loops, conditional
loops, simple and complex conditions, conditional statements (IF), nested
loops
 Description and exemplification of numeric and string variables and 1-D
arrays
 Description and exemplification of pre-defined functions
Standard algorithms
 Description and exemplification of the following standard algorithm in an
appropriate high level language: input validation
 Recognition of appropriate use of the following standard algorithms: input
validation, find min/max, count occurrences, linear search