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DB2 BLU Acceleration - "DB2 with BLU Acceleration - Faster Results made Easy " Bob Harbus
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Db2 blu acceleration and more
1.
© 2014 IBM
Corporation with BLU Acceleration … and more! DB2® 10.5 Bob Harbus Global IM Technical Sales and Competitive Database IBM Toronto Laboratory rharbus@ca.ibm.com
2.
2 © 2014
IBM Corporation Different Workloads Require Different Data Systems Where DB2 Plays in an Expert System Real Time Fraud Detection Sales AnalysisE-commerce Social Data Analysis Transaction Processing Reporting and Analytics Operational Analytics Hadoop Analytics Analytics Data Warehouse Transactional Database Operational Data Warehouse Distributed Map-Reduce System Big Data Analytics Mobile Data Serving JSON Database Mobile/Cloud Data Serving and Transaction Processing Mobile Storefront
3.
3 © 2014
IBM Corporation Different Workloads Require Different Data Systems Where DB2 Plays in a Software Solution Real Time Fraud Detection Sales AnalysisE-commerce Social Data Analysis Transaction Processing Reporting and Analytics Operational Analytics Hadoop Analytics Analytics Data Warehouse Transactional Database Operational Data Warehouse Distributed Map-Reduce System Big Data Analytics Mobile Data Serving JSON Database Mobile/Cloud Data Serving and Transaction Processing Mobile Storefront
4.
© 2014 IBM
Corporation DB2 10.5 with BLU Acceleration
5.
5 © 2014
IBM Corporation 5 No Reskill Required
6.
6 © 2014
IBM Corporation© 2013 IBM Corporation6 Super Fast, Super Easy — Create, Load and Go! No Indexes, No Aggregates, No Tuning, No SQL changes, No schema changes IBM Research and Development Lab Innovations BLU Acceleration includes over 30 new patents and patents pending from our labs! IBM Research and Development Lab Innovations BLU Acceleration includes over 30 new patents and patents pending from our labs! Introducing BLU Acceleration
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7 © 2014
IBM Corporation What is DB2 with BLU Acceleration? New technology for analytic queries in DB2 LUW – DB2 column-organized tables add columnar capabilities to DB2 databases • Table data is stored column organized rather than row organized • Using a vector processing engine • Using this table format with star schema data marts provides significant improvements to storage, query performance, ease of use, and time-to-value – New unique runtime technology which leverages the CPU architecture and is built directly into the DB2 kernel – New unique encoding for speed and compression • This new capability is both main-memory optimized, CPU optimized, and I/O optimized
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IBM Corporation Performance when all data is cached Zero I/O in both DB2 10.1 and DB2 10.5 with BLU Acceleration1 ZERO I/ O ZERO I/ O Cognos 100GB Main Memory Only 0 25 50 75 100 125 150 175 200 225 250 275 300 325 350 375 400 425 450 DB2 Galileo BLU Time(s) Speedup 17.7x Lower is better Cognos 100GB no I/OCognos 100GB Main Memory Only 0 25 50 75 100 125 150 175 200 225 250 275 300 325 350 375 400 425 450 DB2 Galileo BLU Time(s) Speedup 17.7x Lower is better Cognos 100GB no I/OCognos 15 queries 100GB no I/O DB2 10.1 DB2 10.5 In-memory Isn’t Everything Great performance takes a lot more than just “in-memory” In-memory Isn’t Everything Great performance takes a lot more than just “in-memory”
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IBM Corporation How Fast Is BLU Acceleration? 46xTriton Consulting 40xYonyou 4x - 15xCoca-Cola Bottling Customer Performance Gains BNSF Up to 137x Handelsbanken 7x – 100x 10x-25x speedup is common “It was amazing to see the faster query times compared to the performance results with our row-organized tables. The performance of four of our queries improved by over 100-fold! The best outcome was a query that finished 137x faster by using BLU Acceleration.” - Kent Collins, Database Solutions Architect, BNSF Railway
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IBM Corporation Storage Savings Multiple examples of data requiring substantially less storage – 5% of the uncompressed size – Fewer objects required Multiple compression techniques – Combined to create a near optimal compression strategy Compression algorithm adapts to the data DB2 with BLU Accel.DB2 with BLU Accel.
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IBM Corporation 11 Records: 76M Columns: 61 Indexes: 10 Load Time: Row-unc 15:39:10 Col 1:10:29 DB2 10.5 BLU Compression – Customer Example
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IBM Corporation Seamless Integration into DB2 Built seamlessly into DB2 – Integration and coexistence – Column-organized tables can coexist with existing, traditional, tables • Same schema, same storage, same memory – Integrated tooling support • Optim Query Workload Tuner (OQWT) recommends BLU Acceleration deployments Same SQL, language interfaces, administration – Column-organized tables or combinations of column-organized and row-organized tables can be accessed within the same SQL statement Dramatic simplification – Just “Load and Go” – Faster deployment • Fewer database objects required to achieve same outcome – Requires less ongoing management due to it's optimized query processing and fewer database objects required – Simple migration • Conversion from traditional row table to BLU Acceleration is easy • DB2 Workload Manager (WLM) identifies workloads to tune • Optim Query Workload Tuner recommends BLU Acceleration table transformations • Users only notice speed up; DBA's only notice less work! – Management of single server solutions less expensive than clustered solutions
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IBM Corporation Super Fast, Super Easy – Create, Load, and Go! Database Design and Tuning 1. Decide on partition strategies 2. Select Compression Strategy 3. Create Table 4. Load data 5. Create Auxiliary Performance Structures • Materialized views • Create indexes • B+ indexes • Bitmap indexes 6. Tune memory 7. Tune I/O 8. Add Optimizer hints 9. Statistics collection Repeat DB2 with BLU Acceleration 1. Create Table 2. Load data
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IBM Corporation The Seven Big Ideas of DB2 with BLU Acceleration
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IBM Corporation 7 Big Ideas: Simple to Implement and Use LOAD and then… run queries – No indexes – No REORG (it's automated) – No RUNSTATS (it's automated) – No MDC – No MQTs or Materialized Views – No partitioning – No statistical views – No optimizer hints It is just DB2! – Same SQL, language interfaces, administration – Reuse DB2 process model, storage, utilities 1
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IBM Corporation 7 Big Ideas: Simple to Implement and Use One setting optimized the system for BLU Acceleration – Set DB2_WORKLOAD=ANALYTICS – Informs DB2 that the database will be used for analytic workloads Automatically configures DB2 for optimal analytics performance – Makes column-organized tables the default table type – Enables automatic workload management – Enables automatic space reclaim – Page and extent size configured for analytics – Memory for caching, sorting and hashing, utilities are automatically initialized based on the server size and available RAM Simple Table Creation – If DB2_WORKLOAD=ANALYTICS, tables will be created column organized automatically – For mixed table types can define tables as ORGANIZE BY COLUMN or ROW – Compression is always on – no options Easily convert tables from row-organized to column-organized – db2convert utility 1
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IBM Corporation 7 Big Ideas: Simple to Implement and Use1
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IBM Corporation Massive compression with approximate Huffman encoding – More frequent the value, the fewer bits it takes Register-friendly encoding optimizes CPU and memory efficiency – Encoded values packed into bits matching the register width of the CPU • Allows for efficient simultaneous evaluation against multiple values – Fewer I/Os, better memory utilization, fewer CPU cycles to process 7 Big Ideas: Compute Friendly Encoding and Compression Smith Smith Smith Smith Smith Smith Johnson Johnson Gilligan Sampson LAST_NAME Encoding Packed into register length Register Length Register Length 2
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IBM Corporation 7 Big Ideas: Data Remains Compressed During Evaluation Encoded values do not need to be decompressed during evaluation – Predicates and joins work directly on encoded values SELECT COUNT(*) FROM T1 WHERE LAST_NAME = 'SMITH' Smith Smith Smith Smith Smith Smith Johnson Johnson Gilligan Sampson LAST_NAME Encoding SMITH Count = 123456 2
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IBM Corporation Without SIMD processing the CPU will apply each instruction to each data element 7 Big Ideas: Multiply the Power of the CPU Performance increase with Single Instruction Multiple Data (SIMD) Using hardware instructions, DB2 with BLU Acceleration can apply a single instruction to many data elements simultaneously – Predicate evaluation, joins, grouping, arithmetic 3 Compare = 2005 Compare = 2005 Compare = 2005 2001 Instruction Result Stream Data 2002 2003 2004 2005 2005 2006 2007 20082009 2010 2011 2012 Processor Core Compare = 2005 2001 Instruction Result Stream Data 200220032004200520062007 Compare = 2005 Compare = 2005 Compare = 2005 Compare = 2005 Compare = 2005 Compare = 2005 2005 Processor Core
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IBM Corporation 7 Big Ideas: Core-Friendly Parallelism BLU queries automatically parallelized across cores, and, achieve excellent multi-core scalability via … – Careful data placement and alignment – Careful attention to physical attributes of the server – … designed to … Maximize CPU cache, cacheline efficiency 4 QUAD CORE CPU QUAD CORE CPU QUAD CORE CPU QUAD CORE CPU
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IBM Corporation 7 Big Ideas: Column Store Minimal I/O – Only perform I/O on the columns and values that match query – As queries progresses through a pipeline the working set of pages is reduced Work performed directly on columns – Predicates, joins, scans, etc. all work on individual columns – Rows are not materialized until absolutely necessary to build result set • Predicates, joins, scans, etc. all operate on columns packed in memory • Rows are not materialized until absolutely necessary to build result set Improved memory density – Columnar data kept compressed in memory – No need to consume memory/cache space & bandwidth for unneeded columns Extreme compression – Packing more data values into very small amount of memory or disk Cache efficiency – Data packed into cache friendly structures 5 C1 C2 C3 C4 C5 C6 C7 C8C1 C2 C3 C4 C5 C6 C7 C8 SELECT C4 ... WHERE C4=X Consumes I/O bandwidth memory buffers and memory bandwidth only for C4
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IBM Corporation 7 Big Ideas: Column Store (cont.)5
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IBM Corporation 7 Big Ideas: Scan-Friendly Memory Caching Memory-optimized (not “In-Memory”) – No need to ensure all data fits in memory – New algorithms cache in RAM effectively BLU includes new scan-friendly victim selection to keep a near optimal % of pages buffered in memory – A key BLU design point is to run well when all data fits in memory, and when it doesn’t ! – Even with large scans, BLU prefers selected pages in the bufferpool, using an algorithm that adaptively computes a target hit ratio for the current scan, based on the size of the bufferpool, the frequency of pages being re-accessed in the same scan, and other factors Benefit: less I/O! 6
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IBM Corporation 7 Big Ideas: Data Skipping Automatic detection of large sections of data that do not qualify for a query and can be ignored Order of magnitude savings in all of I/O, RAM, and CPU No DBA action to define or use – truly invisible – “Synopsis” automatically created and maintained as data is LOADed or INSERTed – Persistent storage of min. and max. values for sections of data values 7
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IBM Corporation 7 Big Ideas: How DB2 with BLU Acceleration Helps ~Sub second 10TB query – An Optimistic Illustration The system – 32 cores, 10TB table with 100 columns, 10 years of data The query: SELECT COUNT(*) from MYTABLE where YEAR = '2010' The optimistic result: sub second 10TB query! Each CPU core examines the equivalent of just 8MB of data DATA DATA DATA DATA DATA DATA DATA DATA DATA 10TB data DATA 1TB after storage savings DATA 32MB linear scan on each core Scans as fast as 8MB encoded and SIMD DATA Sub second 10TB query DB2 WITH BLU ACCELERATION 10GB column access 1GB after data skipping
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IBM Corporation Different Workloads Require Different Data Systems Where DB2 Plays in a Software Solution Real Time Fraud Detection Sales AnalysisE-commerce Social Data Analysis Transaction Processing Reporting and Analytics Operational Analytics Hadoop Analytics Analytics Data Warehouse Transactional Database Operational Data Warehouse Distributed Map-Reduce System Big Data Analytics Mobile Data Serving JSON Database Mobile/Cloud Data Serving and Transaction Processing Mobile Storefront
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IBM Corporation SELECT COUNT_BIG(*) from DAILY_SALES WHERE PERKEY => 1997001 AND PERKEY <= 1997091 28 BLU Acceleration: 10TB Query 10TB data - 58 billion rows Actionable Compression reduces to 2.3 TB In-memory Result in 0.96 seconds Column Processing reduces to 67 GB 1 of 34 columns Data Skipping reduces to 1.3 GB 91 days of data Intel Xeon system 1TB memory 10 TB table 34 columns 13.5 years data No indexes used Vector Processing Scans as fast as 6 MB through Accelerated SIMD Massive Parallel Processing 22MB linear scan on each core
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IBM Corporation Memory x $$$Memory I/O x $$$ CPU x $$$ Performance Triangle CPU I/O
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IBM Corporation CPU acceleration –SIMD processing for • Scans • Joins • Grouping • Arithmetic Keeping the CPUs busy –Core friendly parallelism Less CPU processing –Operate on compressed data –Late materialization –Data skipping Memory latency optimized for – Scans – Joins – Aggregation More useful data in memory – Data stays compressed – Scan friendly caching Less to put in memory – Columnar access – Late materialization – Data skipping Optimizing All Sides of the Performance Triangle Memory CPU I/O
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Corporation BLU Acceleration More on Compression and the Synopsis Table
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IBM Corporation Columnar Compression in DB2 10.5 BLU Frequency compression: Most common values use fewest bits Multiple compression techniques: Approximate Huffman-Encoding, prefix compression, and offset compression • Exploiting skew in data distribution improves compression ratio • Very effective since all values in a column have the same data type • Maps entire values to dictionary codes 0 = California 1 = New York 000 = Arizona 001 = Colorado 010 = Kentucky 011 = Illinois … 111 = Washington 000000 = Alaska 000001 = Rhode Island … 2 High Frequency States (1 bit covers 2 entries) 8 Medium Frequency States (3 bits cover 8 entries) 40 Low Frequency States (6 bits cover 64 entries) Example showing 3 different code lengths. Code lengths vary depending on the data values.
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IBM Corporation Column-Level Compression Dictionaries Column-level dictionaries: Always one per column – Dictionary populated during Load Replace, Load Insert into empty table – Automatic Dictionary Creation during SQL Insert and Load Insert Column N Compression Dictionary Column 1 Compression Dictionary . . .
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IBM Corporation Page-Level Compression Dictionaries Page-level dictionaries may also be created if space savings outweighs cost of storing page-level dictionaries Exploits local data clustering at page level to compress data even more than using column-level compression alone Allows compression to adapt and specialize as data changes over time – New values not covered by column-level dictionaries can still be compressed by page- level dictionaries – Reduces deteriorating compression ratio over time Data Page Column 1 Data Page Dictionary 0 = California 1 = New York 000 = Arizona 001 = Colorado 010 = Kentucky 011 = Illinois … 111 = Washington Colorado Washington Column-Level Dictionary
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IBM Corporation Load for Column-Organized Tables Pass 1 ANALYZE PHASE Only if dictionaries need to be built Build histograms to track value frequency Build optimal column compression dictionaries Compress values. Build data pages. Update synopsis Build keys for page map index and any unique indexes. User Table Synopsis Table Convert raw data from row-organized format to column- organized format Convert raw data from row-organized format to column- organized format Pass 2 LOAD PHASE Input Source Input Source Index keys
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IBM Corporation LOAD Example LOAD FROM /db1/svtdbm1/data.del OF DEL INSERT INTO colTable1; SQL3109N The utility is beginning to load data from file "/db1/svtdbm1/data.del". SQL3500W The utility is beginning the "ANALYZE" phase at time "04/15/2013 14:56:02.272825". SQL3519W Begin Load Consistency Point. Input record count = "0". SQL3520W Load Consistency Point was successful. SQL3515W The utility has finished the "ANALYZE" phase at time "04/15/2013 14:56:03.327893". SQL3500W The utility is beginning the "LOAD" phase at time "04/15/2013 14:56:03.332048". SQL3110N The utility has completed processing. "300000“ rows were read from the input file. SQL3519W Begin Load Consistency Point. Input record count = "300000". SQL3520W Load Consistency Point was successful. SQL3515W The utility has finished the "LOAD" phase at time "04/15/2013 14:56:04.639261". SQL3500W The utility is beginning the "BUILD" phase at time "04/15/2013 14:57:06.848727". SQL3213I The indexing mode is "REBUILD". SQL3515W The utility has finished the "BUILD" phase at time "04/15/2013 14:59:07.487172". Number of rows read = 300000 Number of rows skipped = 0 Number of rows loaded = 300000 Number of rows rejected = 0 Number of rows deleted = 0 Number of rows committed = 300000
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IBM Corporation SELECT FROM WHERE tabname, tableorg, compression syscat.tables tabname like 'SALES%'; TABNAME ------------------------------- SALES_COL SALES_ROW 2 record(s) selected. TABLEORG -------- C R COMPRESSION ----------- N For column-organized tables, COMPRESSION is always blank because you cannot enable/disable compression. What You See in the DB2 Catalog: TABLEORG Which tables are column-organized? – New column in syscat.tables: TABLEORG
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IBM Corporation Measuring Compression Statistics for measuring number of pages in SYSCAT.TABLES – NPAGES: Number of pages in Column-Organized Object minus any empty pages – FPAGES: Total number of pages in both objects – MPAGES: (M for meta data) Number of pages in Data Object ADMIN_GET_TAB_INFO table function reports – COL_OBJECT_P_SIZE: Physical size of column data object containing user data – DATA_OBJECT_P_SIZE: Physical size of data object containing meta data COL_OBJECT_P_SIZE DATA_OBJECT_P_SIZE User Data Empty Pages if exist Meta Data (Dictionaries) FPAGES NPAGES Column-Organized Storage Object Data Object MPAGES
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IBM Corporation Calculating Column-Organized Storage Sizes Be careful using NPAGES to determine table size – May underestimate actual space usage especially for small tables – Doesn’t take meta data or empty pages into account Use the table function ADMIN_GET_TAB_INFO or admin view ADMINTABINFO to retrieve – COL_OBJECT_P_SIZE + DATA_OBJECT_P_SIZE + INDEX_OBJECT_P_SIZE COL_OBJECT_P_SIZE + DATA_OBJECT_P_SIZE + INDEX_OBJECT_P_SIZE User Table + Meta Data + Page Map/Unique Indexes COL_OBJECT_P_SIZEUser Table
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IBM Corporation Table Compression Statistics in SYSCAT.TABLES Only PCTPAGESSAVED applies to column-organized tables too – Approximate percentage of pages saved in the table Runstats collects PCTPAGESSAVED by estimating the number of data pages needed to store table in uncompressed row orientation – ADMIN_GET_COMPRESS_INFO not supported yet for column-organized tables and will return zero rows AVGROWSIZE AVGROWCOMPRESSIONRATIO AVGCOMPRESSEDROWSIZE PCTROWCOMPRESSED PCTPAGESSAVEDPCTPAGESSAVED Column-Organized Table StatisticsRow-Organized Table Statistics
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IBM Corporation PCTENCODED Statistic in SYSCAT.COLUMNS Percentage of values encoded (compressed) by column-level dictionary It measures number of values compressed NOT compression ratio Each column could have a different encoded percentage PCTENCODED is a lower bound – Additional compression possible via page-level dictionaries (even when PCTENCODED=0) – Used in heuristic decisions for performing join or group by on either encoded or unencoded data C1 PCTENCODED = 90 C2 PCTENCODED = 75 C3 PCTENCODED = 100
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IBM Corporation Compression Summary Storage optimization through DB2 compression can save 60%-75% of your total database storage requirements In real customer examples, storage savings are realized along with improved performance DB2 9.7 saves even more with compression for indexes, temp tables and XML data DB2 10 delivers adaptive data compression capabilities with up to 7x storage savings for tables DB2 10.5 BLU Acceleration further improves compression and removes need for indexes and aggregates to save even more space – 2-3x storage savings over adaptive compression is common – Several customers have reported up to 10-25x storage reduction vs. uncompressed row tables
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IBM Corporation 2 record(s) selected. SELECT tabschema, tabname, FROM syscat.tables WHERE tableorg = 'C'; tableorg TABSCHEMA TABNAME TABLEORG --------------- ---------------------------------- -------- MNICOLA SALES_COL C SYSIBM SYN130330165216275152_SALES_COL C What You See in the DB2 Catalog: Synopsis Tables For each columnar table, there is a corresponding synopsis table, automatically created and maintained Size of the synopsis table: ~0.1% of the user table 1 row for every 1024 rows in the user table
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IBM Corporation Synopsis Table User table: SALES_COL SYN130330165216275152_SALES_COL TSN = Tuple Sequence Number 2047 1023 1024 Meta-data that describes which ranges of values exist in which parts of the user table Enables DB2 to skip portions of table when scanning data during query Predicate WHERE S_DATE = 2007-01-01 would skip first range 0 S_DATE QTY ... 2005-03-01 176 ... 2005-03-02 85 ... 2005-03-02 267 2005-03-04 231 ... ... ... ... TSNMIN TSNMAX S_DATEMIN S_DATEMAX ... 0 1023 2005-03-01 2006-10-17 ... 1024 2047 2006-08-25 2007-09-15 ... ...
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Corporation BLU Acceleration Query Execution Plans
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IBM Corporation Query Execution in DB2 with BLU Acceleration BLU Acceleration is more than columnar storage! BLU Acceleration = columnar data storage + columnar query runtime + many other optimizations New operator CTQ in execution plans CTQ transfers data between operators specializing in column- organized and row-organized data
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IBM Corporation SELECT t2.c4 FROM t1, t2, t3 WHERE AND AND GROUP ORDER t1.c1 t1.c2 t1.c3 = t2.c1 = t3.c2 = 0 BY t2.c4 BY t2.c4 Let’s review the execution plan of this query…. Sample Query
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IBM Corporation Sample Execution Plan Operators above CTQ use DB2’s regular row- based processing Operators below CTQ are optimized for column-organized tables Here: All table scans, hash joins, and grouping are performed in columnar query runtime. (Good.) <snip> SORT (4) | CTQ ( 5) | GRPBY ( 6) | UNIQUE ( 7) | ^HSJOIN ( 8) /-----------+------------ ^HSJOIN TBSCAN ( 9) ( 12) /---------+--------- | TBSCAN TBSCAN CO-TABLE: t3 ( 10) ( 11) | | CO-TABLE: t1 CO-TABLE: t2
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IBM Corporation Execution Plans Runtime operators are optimized for row- and column-organized tables CTQ operator transfers data from column- to row-organized processing Operators that are optimized for column-org tables below CTQ include – Table scan – Hash-based join, optionally employing a semi-join – Hash-based group by. Potentially faster without the sort – Hash-based unique Aim is to “push down” most operators below CTQ
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Corporation Tooling Assist
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IBM Corporation Advisor identifies candidate tables for conversion to columnar format. Analyzes SQL workload and estimates execution cost on row- and column-organized tables. IBM Optim Query Workload Tuner
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IBM Corporation Unlimited Concurrency with “Automatic WLM” DB2 10.5 has built-in and automated query resource consumption control Every additional query that runs naturally consumes more memory, locks, CPU, and memory bandwidth. In other database products more queries means more contention DB2 10.5 automatically allows a high level of concurrent queries to be submitted, but limits the number that consume resources at any point in time Enabled automatically when DB2_WORKLOAD=ANALYTICS ... Applications and Users Up to tens of thousands of SQL queries at once DB2 DBMS kernel SQL Queries Moderate number of queries consume resources
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IBM Corporation Automatic Space Reclaim Automatic space reclamation – Frees extents with no active values – The storage can be subsequently reused by any table in the table space No need for costly DBA space management and REORG utility Enabled out-of-the box for column-organized tables when DB2_WORKLOAD=ANALYTICS Space is freed online while work continues Regular space management can result in increased performance of RUNSTATS and some queries Column3Column1 Column2 2012 2012 2012 2012 DELETE * FROM MyTable WHERE Year = 2012 These extents hold only deleted data Storage extent 2013 2013 2013 2013
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IBM Corporation Full Exploitation: Core Fabrication to Data Delivery Deep Processor Exploitation – DB2 has deep exploitation of Simultaneous Multi Threading (SMT), NUMAtization, +++ – Key POWER7 value proposition is the ability to dispatch a huge number of threads • DB2 moved to fully threaded engine (from process based) to exploit this capabilities at day 1 – DB2 Decimal arithmetic performed directly on the DECFLOAT accelerator Deep Memory Exploitation – Autonomic detection and exploitation of POWER features such as larger pages, storage keys – Alternative page cleaning algorithms built into DB2 specifically for AIX performance boost Automatic Storage Exploitation – Exploits Async I/O, Scatter/Gather I/O, CIO, DIO interfaces, Atomic Logical Volumes, +++ Policy based workload management from application to AIX execution – DB2 WLM exploits AIX WLM within its own workload policies – Other vendors work in silos (either AIX WLM or Database’s WLM, but not both) Result is a decade long run of proven performance leadership – Apples-to-Apples benchmarks consistently show DB2/POWER 16-35% faster than Oracle – Consistently best per core performance versus Intel: total days of TPC-C leadership belongs to POWER And now…DB2 with BLU Acceleration, the ONLY in AIX in-memory columnar database (not to mention optimized for POWER)
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IBM Corporation DB2 10.5 BLU Optimizations Specifically for Power Columnar encodings of data are stored in chunks that map to the size of the registers – Power7+ has more registers than Intel (64 vs. 16) – AIX also has 2 pipes for processing SIMD requests – Results in more data being loaded in registers for higher performance BLU leverages SIMD processing instructions for better performance – Leveraging the above registers to perform more comparisons per cycle – Better performance by exploiting Power7 SIMD capabilities DB2 runs a separate binary library optimized specifically for Power7+ if DB2 detects Power7+ architecture at installation/upgrade time – Compiler directives that take advantage of specific Power7 capabilities – Also using compiler directives that allows instructions to be scheduled so they are optimal for Power7+
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IBM Corporation DB2 10.5 with BLU Acceleration with Cognos BI performance is ‘Fast on Fast’ Faster cube load Faster DB Query Improvement is common* *Client-reported testing results in DB2 10.5 early release program. Individual results will vary depending on individual workloads, configurations and conditions.
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Corporation DB2 10.5 BLU Acceleration Power 8 Exploitation
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IBM Corporation Extreme Performance via Deep Power8 Exploitation Faster performance for financial calculations – Decimal arithmetic using new vector based instructions – Row based tables benefit from vector processing on decimal data Improved integrity and reliability – Leverage new Power8 algorithms for high speed memory integrity checking – Increased processing performance while ensuring a higher level of integrity for data pages Optimizations for increased concurrency – Power8 will support twice the threading of Power7 – Can result in software contention if not optimized for – DB2 10.5 FP4 exploits low level AIX latching algorithms to improve the concurrency of these extremely highly threaded servers
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IBM Corporation Extreme Performance via Deep Power8 Exploitation Cognitive compilation – When compiling and optimizing DB2 runtime code, IBM uses special cognitive algorithms that watch DB2 processing BLU acceleration workloads – This learning is then used to reorder instructions within the product for even faster runtime performance Faster range predicates for BLU tables – Power8 has new instructions that can be exploited by SIMD aware applications – DB2 will leverage these new instructions for range predicates to evaluate many more column values simultaneously compared to Power7 or Intel – Resulting in even greater performance and faster analytics
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IBM Corporation Is BLU Acceleration Unique? Competitors exist – Oracle Exadata, SAP HANA, etc. No competitor comes close in abilities as BLU Acceleration Usability and flexibility – Columnar support on AIX – Data accessed can be larger than available memory! – Flexible deployment with full row- and column-organized tables available – Encryption support – Security – Full separation of Duties Simplicity – Load And Go! – No indexes for performance – No decisions for compression – automatic – Automatic Workload Management – Full graphical performance monitoring management tooling Performance – Maintain column-organization in memory – late materialization – Actionable compression – no need to uncompress to work on data – INSERT/UPDATE done directly into column-organized format – Data Skipping – Maintain data value mapping for query data skipping – Multiply the power of the processor with SIMD – Allow constraints to be defined but not enforced on columnar data for performance – Allow uniqueness to be enforced on columnar data
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IBM Corporation BLU Acceleration in the Cloud Visit: http://bluforcloud.com BLU Acceleration for Cloud – in minutes Purchasing + provisioning + boot: 20-30 minutes to a fully configured system Create your schema and load data 1. In under an hour anyone can access data awesome warehousing and BI for less than a cup of coffee 2. No infrastructure or IT resources
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IBM Corporation Offerings and Deployment Models Pure Systems Cloud Software Pure Application System IBM Business Intelligence Pattern with BLU Acceleration IBM DB2 Data Mart with BLU Acceleration BLU Acceleration for the Cloud Pay by the hour for 1TB or 10TB Use your credit card Bring your own license DB2 10.5 Advanced Workgroup Advanced Enterprise Cognos BI 10.2 DB2 10.5 Advanced Editions include 5 user licenses of Cognos Application Platform Delivering Platform Services
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IBM Corporation IBM BLU Acceleration SPEED: Dramatically Faster Reporting and Analytics – In-memory processing eliminates disk scan – Column store retrieves relevant data – Maximized CPU power speeds processing – Data skipping for more efficient data retrieval EFFICIENCY: Unprecedented Affordability – Exploits infrastructure you already have – No special hardware appliance required – Smarter memory management – Data still compressed while in memory – Only relevant data in memory, not ALL data SIMPLICITY: Fast time to value – Requires only a database software upgrade – Create tables, load data, run applications – No application or schema changes required – No data modeling, indexes, tuning or MQTs required
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Corporation DB2 10.5 pureScale
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IBM Corporation DB2 10.5 pureScale Enhancements Enhanced availability, optimized for OLTP Workloads DB2 pureScale – Robust infrastructure for OLTP workloads – Provides improved availability, performance, and scalability – Transparent scalability beyond 100 nodes1 – Leverages z/OS cluster technology NEW pureScale enhancements – Online member add – HADR designed to failover in seconds – Multi-tenancy: Member subsets – Multi-tenancy: Explicit Hierarchical Locking (FP1) – Topology changing backup and restore 1. Available with DB2 Advanced Enterprise Server Edition. 2. Based on IBM design for normal operation with rolling maintenance updates of DB2 server software on a pureScale cluster. Individual results will vary depending on individual workloads, configurations and conditions, network availability and bandwidth. 3. Based on IBM design for normal operation under typical workload using HADR and pureScale clusters. Individual results will vary depending on individual workloads, configurations, and conditions, network availability and bandwidth.
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Corporation DB2 10.5 Oracle Compatibility
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IBM Corporation Oracle Compatibility Built into DB2 Lower Transition Cost and Less Risk Changes are the exception. Not the rule. Concurrency Control Native support Oracle SQL dialect Native support PL/SQL Native support PL/SQL Packages Native support Built-in package library Native support Oracle JDBC extensions Native support OCI Native support Oracle Forms Through partners SQL*Plus Scripts Native support RAC DB2 pureScale
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IBM Corporation Application Compatibility Over Time Data is based on DCW (Database Conversion Workbench) DB2 reports in the database Compatibility is improved – More and more complex applications DB2 10.5 provides > 98% compatibility 77.9 76.4 81.5 85.3 86.5 96.6 94.7 96.6 95.6 97.2 0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 9.7.2 9.7.3 9.7.4 9.7.5 10.1 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 Number Reports %-Obj Compat %-Stmt Compat Linear (%-Obj Compat)
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IBM Corporation Oracle Compatibility: Larger Row Widths Accommodate larger strings – Allow tables with up to 1MB wide rows CREATE TABLE emp(name VARCHAR(4000), address VARCHAR(4000), cv VARCHAR(32000)) – Allow large row GROUP BY and ORDER BY as long as key can sort – SYSTABLES PCTEXTENDEDROWS column shows % of rows in a table that are extended Max 32K Max 1M DB2 10.1 DB2 10.5
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IBM Corporation Oracle Compatibility: Additional Indexing Function-based indexes – Searching for computed values in a table instead of using Generated Columns – E.g. “Find employees without worrying about the case of their names” • CREATE INDEX emp_name ON emp(UPPER(name)); SELECT salary FROM emp WHERE UPPER(name) = 'MCKNIGHT'; Indexes excluding NULL keys – Enforce uniqueness only for non-NULL keys and exclude all NULL keys from Index – Compress index for all-NULL keys – Helps facilitate Oracle application migrations • CREATE UNIQUE INDEX emp_manages ON emp(manages) EXCLUDE NULL KEYS Random key indexes – Avoid hot index page for incrementally issued keys • CREATE UNIQUE INDEX order_id ON order(id RANDOM);
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IBM Corporation Oracle PL/SQL Compatibility Create distinct type with weak type rules – Removes limitation of existing distinct types not having weak typing – Optional check constraint – Optional NOT NULL constraint – Constraints enforced on assignment Pipelined table function – Introduce a new PIPE statement which returns a row to caller, but continues at next statement if caller wants another row – Incrementally produce a result set for consumption on demand Ad-hoc federated table access – Support ad-hoc reference to remote table using server in the identifier • Reach out to a table in a remote database Function library extensions – Updates to various built-in functions for improved compatibility support
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Corporation JSON Technology Officially Supported in Fix Pack #1
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IBM Corporation Background – What is NoSQL A class of database management systems that depart from traditional RDBMSs – Does not use SQL as the primary query language – Is “schema-less” • No rigid schema enforced by the DBMS – Programmer-friendly for adding fields to a document – Might not guarantee full ACID behavior – Often has a distributed, fault-tolerant, elastic architecture – Highly optimized for retrieve and append operations over great quantities of data Emergence of a growing number of non- relational, distributed data stores for massive scale data
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IBM Corporation Background - What is JSON? JavaScript Object Notation – Serialized form of JavaScript Objects • Lightweight data interchange format • Specified in IETF RFC 4627 • http://www.JSON.org Lightweight text interchange – Designed to be minimal, portable, textural, and subset of JavaScript • Only 6 kinds of values! • Easy to implement and easy to use Replacing XML as the de facto data interchange format on the web – Used to exchange data between programs written in all modern programming languages Self-describing, easy to understand – Text format, so readable by humans and machines – Language independent, most languages have features that map easily to JSON { "firstName": "John", "lastName" : "Smith", "age" : 25, "address" : { "streetAddress": "21 2nd Street", "city" : "New York", "state" : "NY", "postalCode" : "10021" }, "phoneNumber": [ { "type" : "home", "number": "212 555-1234" }, { "type" : "fax", "number": "646 555-4567" } ] } “Less is better: less we need to agree upon to interoperate, the more easily we interoperate” JavaScript: The Good Parts, O'Reilly
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IBM Corporation The JSON-XML Shift Developers find it easier to move data back and forth without losing information in JSON vs. XML – XML is more powerful and more sophisticated than JSON – But JSON found to be 'good enough” It makes programming tasks easier By the time RDBMS world got very sophisticated with XML, developers had chosen JSON – Application shift lead to emergence of database that store data in JSON (i.e., MongoDB) – JSON on the server side is appealing for developers using JSON on the client tier side
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IBM Corporation Open APIs State of the Market JSON is the new cool – XML declining: 5 years ago hardly any JSON Why? JSON is – Less verbose and smaller docs size – <Mytag>value</Mytag> vs. Mytag:value – Tightly integrated with JavaScript which has a lot of focus – Most new development tools support JSON and not XML
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IBM Corporation JSON Technology in DB2 for LUW Combine data from systems of engagement with traditional data in same DB2 database – Best of both worlds – Simplicity and agility of JSON + enterprise strengths of DB2 Store data from web/mobile apps in it's native form – New web applications use JSON for storing and exchanging information – It is also the preferred data format for mobile application backends Move from development to production in no time! – Ability to create and deploy flexible JSON schema – Gives power to application developers by reducing dependency on IT; no need to pre-determine schemas and create/modify tables – Ideal for agile, rapid development and continuous integration DB 2 J S O N Big Data Analytics SocialMobileCloud Officially Supported in Fix Pack #1
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IBM Corporation JSON Technology in DB2 for LUW (cont.) DB2 for Linux, UNIX, and Windows now officially supports JavaScript Object Notation (JSON) DB2 NoSQL capability – No longer in technology preview – You can now store and manage JSON data in a DB2 database • You can create dynamic applications by using JSON's schemaless NoSQL capability. In addition to basic NoSQL operations on collections of JSON documents, this release includes support for transactions control and bi-temporal data awareness • JSON documents can be interfaced in the following three ways DB2 JSON Java API DB2 JSON command-line interface DB2 JSON wire listener – For further details, see JSON application development support has been added section in the Information Center DB 2 J S O N Big Data Analytics SocialMobileCloud Officially Supported in Fix Pack #1
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Corporation DB2 10.5 Packaging Simplification
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IBM Corporation DB2 10.5 Simplifies Product Packaging One Set of Editions for Both Transactional and Warehouse Workloads DB2 Advanced Workgroup Server Edition DB2 Advanced Enterprise Server Edition DB2 Workgroup Server Edition DB2 Enterprise Server Edition Limited capacity Full capacity Core function Advanced function • For small OLTP and analytic deployments • Primarily used in department environments within large enterprises or SMB/MM deployments • Limited by TB, memory, sockets and cores • Supports BLU, pS and DPF deployment models • For Enterprise Class OLTP and/or analytic deployments • Targeting full enterprise/full data centre requirements • No TB, memory, socket or core limit • Supports BLU, pS and DPF deployment models • Entry level offering • Single server for less intense workloads • Limited by TB, memory, sockets and cores • No support for BLU, pS or DPF deployment models • Entry level offering • Single server for enterprise/more intense workloads • No TB, memory, socket or core limit • No support for BLU, pS or DPF deployment models DB2 Developer Edition DB2 Express and DB2 Express-C Departmental Market Enterprise Market DB2 CEO DB2 Advanced CEO
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IBM Corporation Multi-workload database software for the era of big datawith BLU Acceleration DB2® 10.5 Always Available Transactions Disaster recovery of pureScale clusters over distances of 1000s km1; means minimal downtime Faster Analytics In-memory hybrid technology yields performance improvements ranging from 8-25x performance improvements2, without costs or limits of in-memory only Unprecedented Compatibility An average of 98% Oracle database application compatibility3 Future-Proofed Infrastructure NoSQL support allows clients to expand and modernize their apps “Before we made a final decision we benchmarked some of the key database management systems. That includes Oracle, SQL Server and DB2. We ended up choosing DB2 for several reasons. One was reliability, second was performance and perhaps the most important factor was ease of use” – Bashir Khan, Director of Data Management and Business Intelligence
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Corporation Thank You! Bob Harbus Global IM Technical Sales and Competitive Database IBM Toronto Laboratory rharbus@ca.ibm.com
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