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363 krishna wind_solar_hybrid_iitb
1. Mechatronic Systems
Engineering
Mechanical Engineering
Indian Institute of Technology Ropar
WIND SOLAR HYBRID POWER SYSTEM
MODELING AND ANALYSIS
PRESENTED AT
4TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ADVANCES IN ENERGY
RESEARCH
By K. Vijayaraghavan1*, H. Tyagi2, M. Singh1, S. Randhawa1
1: Simon Fraser University; 2: Indian Institute of Technology Ropar
*: krishna@sfu.ca
2. 4th International Conference on Advances in Energy Research: Paper 363
OUTLINE
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Introduction
Photovoltaic Module
Wind Turbine
Battery Bank
Control System
Simulation
Conclusion
Mechatronic Systems
Engineering
Mechanical Engineering
Indian Institute of Technology Ropar
3. 4th International Conference on Advances in Energy Research: Paper 363
INTRODUCTION
WIND SOLAR HYBRID POWER
SYSTEM MODELING AND
ANALYSIS
Mechatronic Systems
Engineering
Mechanical Engineering
Indian Institute of Technology Ropar
4. 4th International Conference on Advances in Energy Research: Paper 363
INDIA’S CRUMBLING ELECTRICITY
INFRASTRUCTURE
•Due to rapid economic growth,
electricity demand has
skyrocketed in India
•
•
Rapid rise in the living
standards.
Increase in demand for
electricity for running
various appliances, as well
as for heating and airconditioning equipment
•Places tremendous strain on
ailing centralized grid burning
fossil fuel
Mechatronic Systems
Engineering
Mechanical Engineering
Indian Institute of Technology Ropar
5. 4th International Conference on Advances in Energy Research: Paper 363
RENEWABLE ENERGY IN INDIA
•80,000 villages are without electricity
[1]
• Amounts to nearly 200 000 people [1]
•Many villages are un-electrifiable dues
to remoteness
•Renewable energy poses as a viable
alternative due to verstality
• As per gov. estimates, India receives
5,000tn kWh/year, of solar radiation
• Typically, it has been observed that the
wind is stronger during winter and
spring, then depletes during the summer
• Highlights the advantage of a hybrid of
both a photovoltaic module and wind
turbine system
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Mechanical Engineering
Indian Institute of Technology Ropar
6. 4th International Conference on Advances in Energy Research: Paper 363
HYBRID POWER SYSTEM
• The model proposed will consist of:
1.
2.
3.
4.
Photovoltaic (PV) Module
Wind Turbine (WT)
Battery Bank
Microcontroller to implement control algorithms
Mechatronic Systems
Engineering
Mechanical Engineering
Indian Institute of Technology Ropar
7. 4th International Conference on Advances in Energy Research: Paper 363
Photovoltaic Module
WIND SOLAR HYBRID POWER
SYSTEM MODELING AND ANALYSIS
Mechatronic Systems
Engineering
Mechanical Engineering
Indian Institute of Technology Ropar
8. 4th International Conference on Advances in Energy Research: Paper 363
PHOTOVOLTAIC MODULE
Equivalent Circuit of PV
Module:
SUNPOWER A300 Solar cell
Specifications:
Open Circuit Voc
Voltage
0.665
V
Short Circuit I-sc
Current
5.75
A
Voltage
at Vmpp
max power
0.560
V
Current
at Impp
max power
5.35
A
Maximum
Power
3.0
W
Pm
• Full module consists of 200 mono-crystalline cells all connected in series
(Value used in MATLAB simulation
• MATLAB model is implemented in a way that a current is calculated from a
given voltage, solar irradiance and ambient temperature
Mechatronic Systems
Engineering
Mechanical Engineering
Indian Institute of Technology Ropar
9. 4th International Conference on Advances in Energy Research: Paper 363
TYPICAL I-V AND P-V CURVE OF PV CELL
• PV cell produces an I-V curve due to the varying source
• The point where the cell produces its maximum power, this point
is called the Maximum Power Point (MPP)
• MPP tracking algorithms are implemented to keep the cell
operating at its optimum power.
Typical I-V and P-V curves
of a PV module [7]
Mechatronic Systems
Engineering
Mechanical Engineering
Indian Institute of Technology Ropar
10. 4th International Conference on Advances in Energy Research: Paper 363
Wind Turbine
WIND SOLAR HYBRID POWER
SYSTEM MODELING AND ANALYSIS
Mechatronic Systems
Engineering
Mechanical Engineering
Indian Institute of Technology Ropar
11. 4th International Conference on Advances in Energy Research: Paper 363
WIND POWER GENERATION SYSTEM
• Aeolos-H 500w Wind
Turbine Specifications:
Cut-in
Velocity
Vci
2.5 m/s
Cut-off
Velocity
Vco
45m/s
Rated
Velocity
Vr
• Power generation curve:
12 m/s
•MATLAB function takes in wind speed parameter and outputs a
corresponding power value as per the specifications above
Mechatronic Systems
Engineering
Mechanical Engineering
Indian Institute of Technology Ropar
12. 4th International Conference on Advances in Energy Research: Paper 363
Battery Bank
WIND SOLAR HYBRID POWER
SYSTEM MODELING AND ANALYSIS
Mechatronic Systems
Engineering
Mechanical Engineering
Indian Institute of Technology Ropar
13. 4th International Conference on Advances in Energy Research: Paper 363
BATTERY BANK MATHEMATICAL MODEL
• To ensure the battery is used in an efficient manner the State of Charge
must be monitored continually
•Charging Equation:
SOC(t) = SOC(t -1) + P/(1000* Cb)
(1)
•Discharging Equation:
SOC(t) = SOC(t -1) - P/(1000* Cb)
(2)
•Where Cb is the total nominal capacity of the battery in kilowatt-hours
[2]
•MATLAB function takes in the amount of power demanded (P) and
updates the SOC of the battery
Mechatronic Systems
Engineering
Mechanical Engineering
Indian Institute of Technology Ropar
14. 4th International Conference on Advances in Energy Research: Paper 363
Control System
WIND SOLAR HYBRID POWER
SYSTEM MODELING AND ANALYSIS
Mechatronic Systems
Engineering
Mechanical Engineering
Indian Institute of Technology Ropar
15. 4th International Conference on Advances in Energy Research: Paper 363
CONTROL SYSTEM OBJECTIVES
• The interaction of all aspects in the HPS can be
•
•
•
staggering and may lead to a loss in efficiency.
These can be overcome by implementing control
mechanisms to optimize the performance of the
system.
Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT)
Monitoring the State of Charge (SOC) and Depth of
Discharge (DOD) of the battery bank.
Mechatronic Systems
Engineering
Mechanical Engineering
Indian Institute of Technology Ropar
16. 4th International Conference on Advances in Energy Research: Paper 363
MAXIMUM POWER POINT TRACKING
• The point where the cell produces its
•
•
Mechatronic Systems
Engineering
maximum power, this point is called the
Maximum Power Point (MPP)
Perturbation and Observation Method
(P&O) was used in this simulation
This method functions by periodically
perturbing the array terminal voltage
and comparing the current PV power
output with that of the previous
perturbation cycle [10]
Mechanical Engineering
Indian Institute of Technology Ropar
17. 4th International Conference on Advances in Energy Research: Paper 363
CONTROL FLOW ALGORITHM
• In order for the HPS to run in a smooth and
environmentally manner optimal it must be
controlled by an effective system
• Power produced from the WT and PV module
has priority over the battery bank in providing
power to the load
• Battery is used only when the demand is higher
than the capacity of the power produced by the
WT and PV module
• The control system must also utilize any surplus
power encountered to charge the battery
Mechatronic Systems
Engineering
Mechanical Engineering
Indian Institute of Technology Ropar
18. 4th International Conference on Advances in Energy Research: Paper 363
CONTROL FLOW ALGORITHM
Start
Loop
SUPPLY
LOAD
Y
Gather Data
P = (PW +
PS) - PD
PWIND (PW); PSOLAR (PS); PDEMAND (PD)
Y
BATTERY
CHARGED?
P≥0
N
ENOUGH
POWER FROM
BATTERY?
N
DISCHARGE
BATTERY TO LOAD
DUMP
SURPLUS
CHARGE BATTERY
WITH SURPLUS
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N
Y
SUPPLY
LOAD
LOAD
DEFICIT
End
Loop
Mechanical Engineering
Indian Institute of Technology Ropar
19. 4th International Conference on Advances in Energy Research: Paper 363
CONTROL FLOW ALGORITHM
• The PV module and WT would be connected to a controller,
which will regulate the flow of power to the load and to the
battery through assigning duty cycles to an assortment of
converters
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Indian Institute of Technology Ropar
20. 4th International Conference on Advances in Energy Research: Paper 363
Simulation
WIND SOLAR HYBRID POWER
SYSTEM MODELING AND ANALYSIS
Mechatronic Systems
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Mechanical Engineering
Indian Institute of Technology Ropar
21. 4th International Conference on Advances in Energy Research: Paper 363
LOAD PROFILE AND
METEOROLOGICAL DATA
•Residential lighting load
in Maharashtra was
scaled down to 80% to
its original value to be a
suitable load for the
modeled system
•Can be correlated with
typical load demands of
small urban communities
and rural villages
The meteorological data
was taken from the
National Renewable
Energy Laboratory
(NREL) [13]
Mechatronic Systems
Engineering
Mechanical Engineering
Indian Institute of Technology Ropar
23. 4th International Conference on Advances in Energy Research: Paper 363
PV POWER OUTPUT
The power output from an
efficient PV module is
directly correlated with the
solar irradiance levels
Figure shows the P-V
curves from 1000 to 1200
hours.
Mechatronic Systems
Engineering
Mechanical Engineering
Indian Institute of Technology Ropar
24. 4th International Conference on Advances in Energy Research: Paper 363
PERIODS OF DEFICIT AND SURPLUS POWER
•
Graphical representation of
system’s output:
•
Output compared with load profile
to give times of deficit of surplus:
•
Power outputs were combined
and subtracted from the load
profile to give demand
•
Negative values denote deficit
while positive values give surplus.
These are used to compute the
batteries
Mechatronic Systems
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•
Mechanical Engineering
Indian Institute of Technology Ropar
25. 4th International Conference on Advances in Energy Research: Paper 363
STORAGE STATE OF CHARGE
• SOC only reduces approximately seven percent
• underscores the advantage of an hybrid power system’s ability
to reduce its storage requirement.
• The curve slopes downward when discharging and upwards
when charging
Mechatronic Systems
Engineering
Mechanical Engineering
Indian Institute of Technology Ropar
26. 4th International Conference on Advances in Energy Research: Paper 363
CONCLUSION
• The integration of solar, wind power and a battery
•
•
•
bank can benefit the remote areas as well as urban
residential areas of India as our data supports
These facts give incentive for companies in the
renewable resource industry to penetrate this
relatively untapped market.
India, a country of vast natural resource, can become
a major player in the renewable energy sector
Efficient hybrid power systems are a step in that
direction
Mechatronic Systems
Engineering
Mechanical Engineering
Indian Institute of Technology Ropar
27. 4th International Conference on Advances in Energy Research: Paper 363
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
• The support provided by the School of Mechanical, Materials &
Energy Engineering at IIT Ropar is gratefully acknowledged.
• The authors would also like to acknowledge generous support
from SFU BC-India Mobility Initiatives (a Western Economic
Diversification Canada (WD) funded initiative) that enabled Mr.
Randhawa and Mr. Singh to travel to IIT-Ropar and to conduct a
portion of their research there. The authors would also like to
thank Mr. Nav Chima, Project Director, SFU BC-India Mobility
Initiatives, for facilitating this collaboration.
Mechatronic Systems
Engineering
Mechanical Engineering
Indian Institute of Technology Ropar
28. 4th International Conference on Advances in Energy Research: Paper 363
QUESTIONS?
Questions on this project or other Queries may also be directed to
krishna@sfu.ca
Mechatronic Systems
Engineering
Mechanical Engineering
Indian Institute of Technology Ropar
Editor's Notes
EachSunpower cell has a max power of 3W and in our simulation we used 200 of these cells where the power peaked at 440W
Since solar cells have a varying source (solar radiation) they produce and I-V curve. Which forces us to find an optimal voltage to operate at.
Aeolos was chosen due to the fact it had a high power rating with a sufficient wind speed. The turbine only operates in its variable mode between 2.5 and 12 m/s. Since its rated power its max power output during our simulation was 500W and the turbine was not forced to cut out.
Obviously very small load profile, because of the size of the hybrid. We modeled a very small hybrid for simplicity and to test it on a smaller scale. For powering larger loads one can simply “scale up” the system ie adding solar cells and turbines.
This is the raw data from the simulation and displays the power out for the time of day, temp, irradiance, and wind speed. Graphical form is shown in the next slide
I-V curves produced by MATLAB simulation at peak hours. It can be observed that the max power point for each curve peaks at noon
Power output compared with load profile can be used to produce a graph depicting the expected times of surplus and deifict. Of course during deficit hour storage will come into play to satisfy the load
The battery’s SOC maintains a level throughout the day, which is encouraging. Due to the residential load it gave the system time to charge at midday.