A short lecture about Atomic Spectroscopy: Flame Photometry, Atomic Absorption, and Atomic Emission with Coupled Plasma (FP, AA and ICP-AES). Presented at 28.03.2011, Faculty of Agriculture, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, by Vasiliy Rosen, M.Sc.
3. Atomic Spectroscopy Ion Emission Atom Emission E – energy difference between two levels; h – Plank’s constant, 6.626068 × 10-34 m2kg/s; c – speed of light, 299 792 458 m/s; λ – wavelenght, nm After Boss. C.B. and Freden K.J. Concepts, Instrumentation and Techniques in Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectrometry. 1997
4. Atomic Spectroscopy Nebulizer converts the solution into a spray Flame (or Plasma) causes the solvent to evaporate, leaving dry aerosol particles, then volatilizes the particles, producing atomic, molecular and ionic species After Skoog D. Fundamentals of Analytical Chemistry, 2004, p. 844
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6. Optical filter is used to monitor for the selected emission wavelength produced by the analyte;
26. ICP-AES: Plasma Inductively Coupled Plasma Source A plasma is a hot, partially ionized gas. It contains relatively high concentrations of ions and electrons. Argon ions, once formed in a plasma, are capable of absorbing sufficient power from an external source to maintain the temperature at a level at which further ionization sustains the plasma indefinitely. The plasma temperature is about 10 000 K. After Manning T.J. and Grow W.P., 1997
37. ICP-AES: Sample Preparation Microwave-assisted Digestion Hot Plate Digestion Block Most samples have to be prepared for analysis by ICP. Solid samples are solubilized. Organic matter is "mineralized" i.e. converted to inorganic compounds.
40. ICP-AES: spectral interferences Au (gold) peak on 242.795 nm is interfered by Mn 242.794 nm Au (gold) peak on 267.595 nm is free of Mn interference!