Developing market–oriented seed production and delivery systems through PPP. Enhancing linkages among actors of multi-stakeholders’ Platforms along seed and commodity value chains, varieties prioritization for commercialization. Developing business cases. Seed Revolving Fund Initiative, Youth Engagement and Gender Inclusion in Tanzania.

1. RP Genetic Gains
meeting with DDG-R
5 – 6 January 2021
307 Conference Room (The Great Lakes
Conference Room)

2. Building sustainable seed
systems in Eastern Africa
Achievements, challenges &
opportunities
Essegbemon Akpo

3. • Developing market–oriented seed production and
delivery systems through PPP
• Business models for early generation seeds
• Backstopping NARS seed systems teams
• DNA fingerprint backed impact assessment
• Documentation of seed systems experiences
• One CGIAR seed systems strategy
• Challenges & Opportunities
Main activities

4. • Enhancing linkages among actors of multi-stakeholders’
Platforms along seed and commodity value chains
• Varieties prioritization for commercialization
• Developing business cases
• Seed Revolving Fund Initiative, Youth Engagement and
Gender Inclusion in Tanzania
Developing market–oriented seed production and
delivery systems through PPP

5. • Enhancing linkages among actors of multi-
stakeholders Platform along seed and
commodity value chain
 Public sector: Research institutes and public
seed companies in Tanzania and Uganda
 Private sector: seed companies in Tanzania: 8;
seed companies in Uganda: 2; Off-takers: 3
 Development organizations: NGOs
Developing market–oriented seed production and
delivery systems through PPP

6. • Varieties prioritization for commercialization with actors
 Groundnut varieties prioritized for demos: 2 & for both
seed production and demos in Tanzania: 7; In Uganda
for demos: 2 & both seed production and demos: 5
 Five sorghum varieties prioritized for demos & Four for
both seed production and demos in Tanzania; In
Uganda: two seed production & two for both seed
production and demos
Developing market–oriented seed production and
delivery systems through PPP

7. Examples of groundnut variety prioritized for seed
production and awareness creation in Tanzania
Variety name Released Purpose
Naliendele 2016 2018 Seed production & Demos
Mtwaranut 2016 2018 Demos
Tanzanut 2016 2018 Demos
Nachi 2015 2015 Seed production & Demos
Mnanje 2009 2009 Seed production & Demos
Mangaka 2009 2009 Seed production & Demos
Naliendele 2009 2009 Seed production & Demos
Masasi 2009 2009 Seed production & Demos
Nachingwea 2009 2009 Seed production & Demos

8. E.g. of relevant groundnut market traits in
Tanzania
Variety Traits
Naliendele
2016
• Red color; Mature in 110-115 days; Highly resistant to rosette;
Average yield 1.5t/ha
Mtwaranut
2016
• Tan color; Mature in 110-115 days; Highly resistant to rosette;
Average yield 1.3t/ha
Tanzanut
2016
• Tan color; Mature in 110-115 days; Highly resistant to rosette;
Average yield 1.5t/ha
Nachi 2015 • Tan color; Mature in 110-115 days; Yield 1.2-2t/ha; Resistant
to rosette, rust, leaf spot
Mnanje
2009
• Red color; Mature in 110-120 days; large size, sweet; Yield 1.5-
2t/ha; Highest oil 51%; highest Iron 65.4mg/kg than others

9. E.g. of sorghum varieties prioritized for awareness
creation and commercialization in Uganda
9
Variety name Released Purpose
SESO 1 2011 Seed production
SESO 3 2011 Seed production
NAROSORG 1 2018 Seed production & Demos
NAROSORG 2 2018 Seed production & Demos

10. E.g. of relevant groundnut market traits in Uganda
10
Variety Traits Uses/Markets
SESO 1 White color; Matures in 90-100 days; Tolerant
to drought & striga; low tannin; Yield (2.5-3.0)
t/ha
• Brewing
• Food
SESO 3 Brown color; Matures in 90-100 days; tolerant
to striga & drought; Yield ( 2.5-3.0 t/ha)
• Good for
food
NAROSORG 1 White color; Matures in 90-100 days; tolerant
to striga & drought; low tannin & Yield (2.5-
3.0 t/ha)
• Very good
for brewing
NAROSORG 2 Bright red color; Matures in 90-100 days; Yield
2.5-3.0t/ha; Tolerant to striga & drought; easy
to thresh & low bird damage
• Good for
food

11. • Developing business cases
 One business cases developed for groundnut in Tanzania
 One business case developed for sorghum in Tanzania
 Each business case present relevant data for actors
 e.g. grain production figures, main uses and outlook; grain market
demand, main off-takers; improved varieties, yield potential and
adoption rate; seed production overview, seed price and determinants
of adoption; Institutional linkages, policies and private sector roles in
seed sector development; profitability analysis of seed and grain for
both crops;
 Assignment report (first draft ready)
Developing market–oriented seed production and
delivery systems through PPP

12. • Seed Revolving Fund Initiative, Youth Engagement and Gender
Inclusion in Tanzania
Grain market pulls the seed market
Build the seed supply on the grain market demand
Identify and quantify the specific market demand for groundnut and
sorghum
Define commodity corridors: hub of large transaction of grain
Work closely with grain-off takers
Embed youth and women in the seed delivery process and the grain
trading
Explore the critical roles youth and women will play
Leverage all available resources, including the Tanzania Government
ones
Developing market–oriented seed production and
delivery systems through PPP

13. • Seed Revolving Fund Initiative, Youth Engagement and
Gender Inclusion in Tanzania
Grain market pulls the seed market
Build the seed supply on the grain market demand
Identify and quantify the specific market demand for groundnut
and sorghum
Define commodity corridors: hub of large transaction of grain
Work closely with grain-off takers
Embed youth and women in seed delivery process and grain
trading
Explore the critical roles youth and women will play
Leverage all available resources, including Tanzania Government
Developing market–oriented seed production and
delivery systems through PPP

14. Overview of Tanzania SRFI-YEGI: approach
R&D organizations
support (e.g.
ICRISAT projects; Tz
Gov fund)
Farmer
Cooperatives
(FCs)
Farmers
members
of FCs
Seed producers
Grain off-
takers
Independent Farmers
Trainings
Trainings&
seedfunds
Seed4demos
Buy
seed
Sell
grain
Buy
GrainGrain
Seed
Training
s
Broker
seedTrainings
Youth/
Women
Quality Inputs
- Information on seeds,
Good Ag Pract.
- Seed delivery
- Rates of seed
replacement
- Climate change
- Associated inputs
- Machinery services
Quality Outputs
- Produce collection /
aggregation
- Value addition and
quality assurance
- Warehouse
management systems
- Agri-produce
manutention
Quality Information
- FM radio themed on
agriculture program
for behavior change
communication
- Market intelligence
- SMS messaging
platform
- Drama
- Apps
Special Support to
Young Mothers
- Young mother’s
program
- Access to resources
- Training & Capacity
development
- Leadership
YOUTH QUALITY CENTER FUNCTIONS
Developing market–oriented seed production and
delivery systems through PPP
• Seed Revolving Fund Initiative, Youth Engagement and Gender
Inclusion in Tanzania

15. • Seed Revolving Fund Initiative, Youth Engagement and Gender
Inclusion in Tanzania
4 business corridors targeted
1-2 seed companies per corridor
At least one grain off-taker identified per corridor
Local government on board per commodity corridor
Developing market–oriented seed production and
delivery systems through PPP

16. • Herbicide testing on groundnut in Tanzania
At least one promising chemical identified (year 1)
Developing market–oriented seed production and
delivery systems through PPP
Treatment name
Initial
stand
Final
stand Haulm
100 seed
weight
Kernel
yield Pod yield shelling%
Hand weed 46.3 44.3 1308 20 1613 3573 44
Fennut 39.7 38.3 1483 21.7 1253 3267 38.1
Sateca 30.3 27 565 23.3 947 2133 44.7
Megasate 480SL 34.7 33 731 21.7 933 1987 48.7
Rilor 500 EC 34 32.7 548 30 573 1133 51.1
Amazone 32.7 30.7 656 21.7 1040 1693 63.9

17. • Identify effective EGS business model for scaling
• Assignment being conducted through a PhD student from Uganda
• Number of business cases considered: 16
• Number of cases completed: 12
Business models for early generation seeds

18. Business models for early generation seeds
Category Crops Region
Public Research institutions (the Seed Revolving Fund,
Uganda’s NARO Holdings, KALRO seed unit, Tanzania
Agricultural Seed Agency, Rwanda Agriculture Board, EAIR
EGS system, INRAN seed unit
Groundnuts, common bean,
chickpea, sorghum, finger
millet
ESA, WCA
Private companies (LCIC in Ghana, IITA GOSeed, Qualibasic
seeds, Premier Seeds, Maslaha Seeds
maize ESA, WCA
Public-private partnerships (Ethiopian Breweries, FAGRI,
Soprosa-sarl )
Malt barley, sorghum ESA, WCA
Public-community based EGS production in Mali Groundnut WCA
SANSOR system in South Africa Maize, ESA
EGS system in India Rice South Asia

19. • Physical meeting early 2020 in Tanzania and Uganda: 2
• E-meetings to assess progress: 8
• Seed production:
 TZ: Sorghum: 3.6 t of foundation and about 4.1t of
certified/QDS seed; Groundnut: 109 t foundation, 1125 t
certified/QDS
UG: Sorghum: 144 t of foundation and about 1,662t of
certified/QDS seed; Groundnut: 10.1 t foundation, 106.2 t
certified/QDS
 Support of PhD students: 2 & Interns: 6
 Seed business development for seed companies and national
programmes: 10
 Digital seed production and delivery roadmap: 6 NARS
programme
 Demos, field days & Farmers reached: GN TZ: 4 &10; 14,732
Backstopping NARS seed systems teams

20. • Support the team to build reference library
• Communication with NARS partners
DNA fingerprint backed impact assessment

21. • Documented impact stories of TL III project
• HOPE II seed delivery model underway: template developed and
share with NARS partners
• A number of journal publications
Documentation of seed systems experiences

22. List of publications
Akpo E., Feleke G., Fikre A., Chichaybelu M., Ojiewo C.O., Varshney R.K. 2020.
Analyzing pathways of nurturing informal seed production into formal private
ventures for sustainable seed delivery and crop productivity: Experiences from
Ethiopia. Sustainability 12, 6828. doi:10.3390/su12176828
Akpo E., Muricho S.G., Alex G., Opie H., Ojiewo O.C., Varshney R.K. 2020.
Legume seed production for sustainable seed supply and crop productivity: case of
groundnut in Tanzania and Uganda. Journal of Crop Improvement 34: 4, 518-539
Akpo E., Ojiewo O.C., Omoigui L., Varshney R.K. 2020. Sowing legume seeds,
reaping cash: a renaissance within communities in sub-Saharan Africa. Springer
Nature. 106p.
Mwalongo S., Akpo E., Lukurugu G.A., Muricho G., Vernooy R., Minja A., Ojiewo
C., Njuguna E., Otieno G., Varshney R. 2020. Factors Influencing Preferences and
Adoption of Improved Groundnut Varieties among Farmers in Tanzania. Agronomy,
10, 1271, 1-15
List of publications

23. List of publications
Kimbi T.G., Akpo E., Kongola E., Ojiewo C.O., Vernooy R., Muricho G., Ringo J.,
Lukurugu G.A., Varshney R., Tabo R. 2021. A Probit Analysis of Determinants of
Adoption of Improved Sorghum Technologies Among Farmers in Tanzania. Journal
of Agricultural Science 13, 1, 73-87
Ojiewo C., Akpo E., Hagmann J. Varshney R.K. 2020. Strategic framework to
foster grain legume and dryland cereal seed systems innovations: Guidelines to
drive seed delivery systems through commodity value chains. International Crops
Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics, Patancheru 502 324, India. CGIAR
Research Program - Grain Legumes and Dryland Cereals. 20p
Akpo E., Bakari H., Lukurugu G.A. , Daudi H., Muricho G., Minja A., Nzunda J.,
Ojiewo C.O., Varshney RK. New groundnut varieties in Tanzania promise higher
yields, better incomes and nutrition. Policy Brief. (Submitted)
List of publications

24. • Co-lead of the topic: Advancing solutions for the demand side of seed
systems
• Three sub-topics
 Farmers’ demand orientation
 Seed business models
 Enabling conditions
• Slide deck being developed
• Full paper will follow
One CGIAR seed systems strategy

25. • Monitoring of seed production and demos activities by both NARS
Partners and ICRISAT scientist
• Drought and excessive rains
• Ongoing initiative of seed company to produce under irrigation
• Resources mobilization: joint proposal write-up and submission with
colleagues from other research programs (e.g. ESA and ISD)
• Enhance ongoing support to NARS and private sector partners for
increased outreach farmer and other actors
Challenges and opportunities

26. Thank You