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Trish Kane (VSO)

                                              Social Work Advisor
Department of Social Work & Centre for Social Work Development
                    University of Social Sciences and Humanities
                          336 Nguyen Trai, Thanh Xuan, Ha Noi
This Session will provide
........
 An overview of social work internationally (brief
 history, definition, development)
 Briefly examine the values necessary to do it
 Identify the core competencies and skills relevant to
 social work
 Explore the history & current development of social
 work in Vietnam
 Highlight the recommendations for Social Work
 development in Vietnam
Definition (IASSW/IFSW)
 ‘The social work profession promotes social
 change, problem-solving in human
 relationships and the empowerment and
 liberation of people to enhance well-being.
 Utilising theories of human behaviour and
 social systems, social work intervenes at the
 point where people interact with their
 environments. Principles of human rights
 and social justice are fundamental to social
 work’
Background
Developing since late 1800’s in industrial
countries
Originally based on Charity model
Family & community usually managed
issues
Recognition of complex social problems
Moved to more systematic approach
Formal education & professional
associations created
Often the ‘Social Work’ title is legally
Social work.......
Bases its methodology on a systematic body of
evidence based knowledge derived from research
and practice evaluation.......
The social work profession draws on theories of
human development and behaviour and social
systems to analyse complex social systems and to
facilitate individual, organisational, social and
cultural change
(IASSW/IFSW 2000)
Social Work Education
  The international recognised standard is now an
  Undergraduate University Degree
  Variations often require MASW
  In many countries professionals often require a
  licence and registration to practice
  Practice is monitored by National Associations (80
  countries)
  Associations – provide code of ethics to practice,
  monitor and sanction unacceptable practice
Social Workers are expected to acquire the knowledge
skills and values that relate to the vision of SW
What do you learn as a social
             worker?
  Values and principles of social work
  Some skills and knowledge needed to practice
  Reflective practice (about yourself as a practitioner)
KNOWLEDGE (examples)
  Child development Youth studies
  Law Counselling
  Social policy Art/Drama
  Psychology Case management
  Sociology Disability studies
SKILLS (examples)
  Communications (all – verbal, non-verbal,
  observation, listening, interaction, presentation
  etc.,)
  Facilitation Interpersonal
  Mediation & conflict resolution
  Planning/Organisation/Time management
  Analysis & assessment
  Specific specialist skills e.g. Techniques for working
  with special groups/individuals
  Counselling Social research
NB skills happen at 3 levels; basic, intermediate &
advanced. You must gain experience to progress
Some values underpinning Social
            Work
 Rights based approach
 Anti-oppressive
 Partnership model
 Empowerment principles
 Equality, respect and dignity
 Participation
 Networking
 Collaboration
 Honesty
 Trust/integrity
What do professional Social Workers
Do?
Social workers do many things! SW is a complex
activity that often has no absolute solutions. Each case
that you deal with is unique to a given situation in time.
It is often connected to a set of circumstances that you
may not have dealt with previously.
Managing a case can be like a ‘drama’ in which the
key characters and all factors related to a situation and
the environment must be identified before the story
continues to a solution. The drama can take a long
time to unfold! And indeed, sometimes it may never
reach conclusion.
It may require you to increase your knowledge & skills
to be effective in a particular situation
Who do Social Workers work
for/with?
Social Workers generally work with people who are;
    Vulnerable in some way (e.g. street children, older
    people, PWD)
    Excluded from all that society generally offers (e.g.
    isolated, marginalised, minority people)
    Cannot participate fully in aspects of society (e.g.
    some women, people living in poverty)
    Suffer from Stigma & Discrimination (e.g. HIV/AIDS,
    sex workers, drug addicts)
Social Workers often work in the complex social
political environment/system that placed people in their
situations
Direct work can involve working with
   Individuals
   Groups
   Organisations
   Communities
   Families
   NGO’s
   Government departments
SW’s often work on capacity building, advocacy,
community development, training, counselling,
lobbying, research, policy development....etc.,
Some Core competencies
necessary
 Solid communication & interpersonal skills
 Sound theoretical knowledge for stage of professional
 development
 Assess needs and circumstances
 Plan, carry out and review SW practice
 Support, lobby and advocate
 Competent case management
 Manage risk and risk assessments
 Be accountable and engage in effective supervision and
 CPD
 Demonstrate professional practice
 Critical self reflective practice
Social Work in Vietnam
   “The development of social work plays an important
   role in the current context of Viet Nam. With the
   development of social work Viet Nam is able to
   alleviate poverty, address social problems
   effectively, promote greater social justice and
   equality, and respond to other complicated
   problems that Viet Nam faces. There is an urgent
   need to develop social work as a profession.”
(Minister of MOLISA, Nguyen Thi Kim Ngan, Da Nang
November 2009)
Context of Social Work in
Vietnam
  1997 early discussions to develop SW in
  Vietnam
  Progress a little slow!
  Led somewhat by the international concerns &
  commitments to child protection issues
  2004 MOET approved a curriculum for
  university
  MOET, MOLISA & UNICEF commissioned a
  research study in 2005 the Human Resource
  and Training Needs for the Development of
  Social Work in Vietnam (2005)
  Recommend establishment of Social Work
Background
In the last decade, Vietnam has experienced rapid
economic growth. While new opportunities and economic
benefits have improved the lives of many Vietnamese
people, there are ever-increasing gaps between the rich
and the poor, and between rural and urban populations. A
significant proportion of of the economic benefits go to the
richest 20% (UNICEF 2005).
Many Vietnamese people continue to live in hardship, and
a quarter of children under five are malnourished. This has
placed unprecedented pressure on families, and thus
children. Consequently, social problems such as family
breakdown, homelessness, drug use, sexual and economic
exploitation, trafficking and violence are on the rise.
This in turn has contributed to an increased number of
abandoned, neglected, abused and exploited children. It is
estimated that 9 percent of the total child population, or
2.6 million children are in need of special protection.
Ministry of Labour, Invalids and Social Affairs (2008)

                 Economic Growth =
   new social problems emerge in tandem with economic
   growth
   Change in working patterns, family support,
   urbanisation etc., have led to a decrease in ability to
   ‘support socially’
Lack of capacity to care for elderly, sick and/or
children
Often increase in drug & alcohol abuse – leading to
increase in domestic violence
Children, women and PWD often most vulnerable
to poverty
Migration to cities can create a multitude of
problems
Health issues associated with this include increase
in mental health problems i.e. Due to isolation,
loneliness and demands of industrial society
In Vietnam – increase of HIV/AIDS, assoc with men
using prostitutes/sex workers and drug misuse
The Reality is that .........
.......many functions of social work have existed in
Vietnamese society for years, if not centuries.
These functions mainly took the shape of social
activities, social mobilization and direct care by
volunteers rather than of a professional service
with the capacity to respond adequately and
systematically to the needs of vulnerable people
for prevention, support and protection.
Until now, social work and child protection
services have largely been provided by people
(often community volunteers), who are either
untrained or trained in disciplines other than
social work.
The services they provide, whether in the
community or in institutions, are rarely
inspected and monitored and there is little to no
supervision and support given to these workers.
Recent Developments
Da Nang Conference
In an effort to advocate for the recognition of social
work as a profession and to improve the quality of
social work education MOLISA, supported by UNICEF,
Atlantic Philanthropies, Save the Children Alliance and
the Irish Embassy, organised a National Conference
on Social Work Development in Da Nang on 3/4
November 2009.
A team of international experts in social work were
invited to provide technical assistance during the
process of preparation and organization of the
conference.
Outcomes
 There were many recommendations and
 commitments from the conference but a key one
 was given by MOLISA (& partners) to support the
 development of a National Proposal on Social
 Work and the integration of social work
 functions in crucial legal and policy documents,
 including in the field of social protection and, in
 particular, child protection. In these efforts MOLISA
 will continue to cooperate with other Ministries that
 have an important role to play in social work.
 A cooperative agreement was also signed
Key Conference Recommendations
  Enhance the understanding and commitment of policy
  makers, academics, service providers, and other
  stakeholders for the development of social work in Viet
  Nam;
  Facilitate exchange of knowledge, experience and
  practice among local, national, and international social
  work professionals;
  Establish high quality social work education
  programmes for graduate, post-graduate and vocational
  levels
  Strengthen the capacity of universities and training
  institutions to effectively implement high quality social
  work education programmes;
Strengthen the capacity of existing untrained social
work “para-professionals” within community and
institutional settings, in order for them to provide more
professional and effective social work services (on the
job training);
Develop specific job codes and designated social work
positions in a number of agencies and organizations,
and develop a comprehensive and effective system of
social work services;
Increase multi-directional partnerships between
international, national, regional, and local efforts in order
to further develop and improve social work education,
structures and services;
Improve professional social work services and social
assistance for vulnerable people, by establishing
integrated education and cross-sectoral delivery across
Challenges
Qualifying Social Workers need a job code &
professional recognition (failure will impede development)
Recognition and employment of qualified social
workers
The Social Work model needs to reflect a
Vietnamese context
Recognise and address the training needs of the
‘para-professional’ level (unqualified but doing it
anyway)
Collaborate in a partnership approach to SW
development in Vietnam
Raise the public profile of Social Work in Vietnam (job
Challenges
Develop a good model of tertiary social work
education
Develop a model of social work training for those
who are currently doing it
Ensure participation ot those relevant to social work
development on the consultation process for the
Strategic plan
UNICEF Viet Nam website (2009) Country
Overview at www.unicef.org/vietnam/overview
Ministry of Labour, Invalids and Social Affairs
(2008) Report from MOLISA to the Culture and
Education Committee for Children and Young
People dated October 2008 .
Ministry of Labour, Invalids and Social Affairs,
Canadian International Development Agency and
UNICEF Viet Nam (2005) Situation Analysis of
Institutional and Alternative Care Programmes in
Viet Nam .
UNICEF Vietnam (2005) the Human Resource and
Training Needs for the Development of Social Work in
Vietnam (2005)

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Presentation - What is Social Work?

  • 1. Trish Kane (VSO) Social Work Advisor Department of Social Work & Centre for Social Work Development University of Social Sciences and Humanities 336 Nguyen Trai, Thanh Xuan, Ha Noi
  • 2. This Session will provide ........ An overview of social work internationally (brief history, definition, development) Briefly examine the values necessary to do it Identify the core competencies and skills relevant to social work Explore the history & current development of social work in Vietnam Highlight the recommendations for Social Work development in Vietnam
  • 3. Definition (IASSW/IFSW) ‘The social work profession promotes social change, problem-solving in human relationships and the empowerment and liberation of people to enhance well-being. Utilising theories of human behaviour and social systems, social work intervenes at the point where people interact with their environments. Principles of human rights and social justice are fundamental to social work’
  • 4. Background Developing since late 1800’s in industrial countries Originally based on Charity model Family & community usually managed issues Recognition of complex social problems Moved to more systematic approach Formal education & professional associations created Often the ‘Social Work’ title is legally
  • 5. Social work....... Bases its methodology on a systematic body of evidence based knowledge derived from research and practice evaluation....... The social work profession draws on theories of human development and behaviour and social systems to analyse complex social systems and to facilitate individual, organisational, social and cultural change (IASSW/IFSW 2000)
  • 6. Social Work Education The international recognised standard is now an Undergraduate University Degree Variations often require MASW In many countries professionals often require a licence and registration to practice Practice is monitored by National Associations (80 countries) Associations – provide code of ethics to practice, monitor and sanction unacceptable practice Social Workers are expected to acquire the knowledge skills and values that relate to the vision of SW
  • 7. What do you learn as a social worker? Values and principles of social work Some skills and knowledge needed to practice Reflective practice (about yourself as a practitioner) KNOWLEDGE (examples) Child development Youth studies Law Counselling Social policy Art/Drama Psychology Case management Sociology Disability studies
  • 8. SKILLS (examples) Communications (all – verbal, non-verbal, observation, listening, interaction, presentation etc.,) Facilitation Interpersonal Mediation & conflict resolution Planning/Organisation/Time management Analysis & assessment Specific specialist skills e.g. Techniques for working with special groups/individuals Counselling Social research NB skills happen at 3 levels; basic, intermediate & advanced. You must gain experience to progress
  • 9. Some values underpinning Social Work Rights based approach Anti-oppressive Partnership model Empowerment principles Equality, respect and dignity Participation Networking Collaboration Honesty Trust/integrity
  • 10. What do professional Social Workers Do? Social workers do many things! SW is a complex activity that often has no absolute solutions. Each case that you deal with is unique to a given situation in time. It is often connected to a set of circumstances that you may not have dealt with previously. Managing a case can be like a ‘drama’ in which the key characters and all factors related to a situation and the environment must be identified before the story continues to a solution. The drama can take a long time to unfold! And indeed, sometimes it may never reach conclusion. It may require you to increase your knowledge & skills to be effective in a particular situation
  • 11. Who do Social Workers work for/with? Social Workers generally work with people who are; Vulnerable in some way (e.g. street children, older people, PWD) Excluded from all that society generally offers (e.g. isolated, marginalised, minority people) Cannot participate fully in aspects of society (e.g. some women, people living in poverty) Suffer from Stigma & Discrimination (e.g. HIV/AIDS, sex workers, drug addicts) Social Workers often work in the complex social political environment/system that placed people in their situations
  • 12. Direct work can involve working with Individuals Groups Organisations Communities Families NGO’s Government departments SW’s often work on capacity building, advocacy, community development, training, counselling, lobbying, research, policy development....etc.,
  • 13. Some Core competencies necessary Solid communication & interpersonal skills Sound theoretical knowledge for stage of professional development Assess needs and circumstances Plan, carry out and review SW practice Support, lobby and advocate Competent case management Manage risk and risk assessments Be accountable and engage in effective supervision and CPD Demonstrate professional practice Critical self reflective practice
  • 14. Social Work in Vietnam “The development of social work plays an important role in the current context of Viet Nam. With the development of social work Viet Nam is able to alleviate poverty, address social problems effectively, promote greater social justice and equality, and respond to other complicated problems that Viet Nam faces. There is an urgent need to develop social work as a profession.” (Minister of MOLISA, Nguyen Thi Kim Ngan, Da Nang November 2009)
  • 15. Context of Social Work in Vietnam 1997 early discussions to develop SW in Vietnam Progress a little slow! Led somewhat by the international concerns & commitments to child protection issues 2004 MOET approved a curriculum for university MOET, MOLISA & UNICEF commissioned a research study in 2005 the Human Resource and Training Needs for the Development of Social Work in Vietnam (2005) Recommend establishment of Social Work
  • 16. Background In the last decade, Vietnam has experienced rapid economic growth. While new opportunities and economic benefits have improved the lives of many Vietnamese people, there are ever-increasing gaps between the rich and the poor, and between rural and urban populations. A significant proportion of of the economic benefits go to the richest 20% (UNICEF 2005). Many Vietnamese people continue to live in hardship, and a quarter of children under five are malnourished. This has placed unprecedented pressure on families, and thus children. Consequently, social problems such as family breakdown, homelessness, drug use, sexual and economic exploitation, trafficking and violence are on the rise.
  • 17. This in turn has contributed to an increased number of abandoned, neglected, abused and exploited children. It is estimated that 9 percent of the total child population, or 2.6 million children are in need of special protection. Ministry of Labour, Invalids and Social Affairs (2008) Economic Growth = new social problems emerge in tandem with economic growth Change in working patterns, family support, urbanisation etc., have led to a decrease in ability to ‘support socially’
  • 18. Lack of capacity to care for elderly, sick and/or children Often increase in drug & alcohol abuse – leading to increase in domestic violence Children, women and PWD often most vulnerable to poverty Migration to cities can create a multitude of problems Health issues associated with this include increase in mental health problems i.e. Due to isolation, loneliness and demands of industrial society In Vietnam – increase of HIV/AIDS, assoc with men using prostitutes/sex workers and drug misuse
  • 19. The Reality is that ......... .......many functions of social work have existed in Vietnamese society for years, if not centuries. These functions mainly took the shape of social activities, social mobilization and direct care by volunteers rather than of a professional service with the capacity to respond adequately and systematically to the needs of vulnerable people for prevention, support and protection.
  • 20. Until now, social work and child protection services have largely been provided by people (often community volunteers), who are either untrained or trained in disciplines other than social work. The services they provide, whether in the community or in institutions, are rarely inspected and monitored and there is little to no supervision and support given to these workers.
  • 21. Recent Developments Da Nang Conference In an effort to advocate for the recognition of social work as a profession and to improve the quality of social work education MOLISA, supported by UNICEF, Atlantic Philanthropies, Save the Children Alliance and the Irish Embassy, organised a National Conference on Social Work Development in Da Nang on 3/4 November 2009. A team of international experts in social work were invited to provide technical assistance during the process of preparation and organization of the conference.
  • 22. Outcomes There were many recommendations and commitments from the conference but a key one was given by MOLISA (& partners) to support the development of a National Proposal on Social Work and the integration of social work functions in crucial legal and policy documents, including in the field of social protection and, in particular, child protection. In these efforts MOLISA will continue to cooperate with other Ministries that have an important role to play in social work. A cooperative agreement was also signed
  • 23. Key Conference Recommendations Enhance the understanding and commitment of policy makers, academics, service providers, and other stakeholders for the development of social work in Viet Nam; Facilitate exchange of knowledge, experience and practice among local, national, and international social work professionals; Establish high quality social work education programmes for graduate, post-graduate and vocational levels Strengthen the capacity of universities and training institutions to effectively implement high quality social work education programmes;
  • 24. Strengthen the capacity of existing untrained social work “para-professionals” within community and institutional settings, in order for them to provide more professional and effective social work services (on the job training); Develop specific job codes and designated social work positions in a number of agencies and organizations, and develop a comprehensive and effective system of social work services; Increase multi-directional partnerships between international, national, regional, and local efforts in order to further develop and improve social work education, structures and services; Improve professional social work services and social assistance for vulnerable people, by establishing integrated education and cross-sectoral delivery across
  • 25. Challenges Qualifying Social Workers need a job code & professional recognition (failure will impede development) Recognition and employment of qualified social workers The Social Work model needs to reflect a Vietnamese context Recognise and address the training needs of the ‘para-professional’ level (unqualified but doing it anyway) Collaborate in a partnership approach to SW development in Vietnam Raise the public profile of Social Work in Vietnam (job
  • 26. Challenges Develop a good model of tertiary social work education Develop a model of social work training for those who are currently doing it Ensure participation ot those relevant to social work development on the consultation process for the Strategic plan
  • 27. UNICEF Viet Nam website (2009) Country Overview at www.unicef.org/vietnam/overview Ministry of Labour, Invalids and Social Affairs (2008) Report from MOLISA to the Culture and Education Committee for Children and Young People dated October 2008 . Ministry of Labour, Invalids and Social Affairs, Canadian International Development Agency and UNICEF Viet Nam (2005) Situation Analysis of Institutional and Alternative Care Programmes in Viet Nam . UNICEF Vietnam (2005) the Human Resource and Training Needs for the Development of Social Work in Vietnam (2005)