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1 of 13
participants in the business-to-
business buying process
Business buying center
Initiators
who request that something be purchased
Users
Those who will use the product or service
Influencers
People who influence the buying decision, often by helping
define specifications and providing information for evaluating
alternatives
Deciders
People who decide on product requirements or on
suppliers
Approvers
People who authorize the proposed actions of
deciders or buyers
Buyers
People who have formal authority to select the
supplier and arrange the purchase terms
Gatekeepers
People who have the power to prevent sellers or information
from reaching members of the buying center
Summary
Credit
KOTLER, P. & KELLER, K. 2011. Marketing
Management 14th Edition,Upper Saddle River,
NJ, Prentice Hall(With due thanks to the owners
of Photographs)
Who participates in the business to-business buying process?

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Who participates in the business to-business buying process?