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3. Contents
• INTRODUCTION
• HISTORY
• EDGE WISE APPLIANCE
ANGLE
ALEXANDER PHILOSOPHY
BIOPROGRESSIVE SYSTEM
• BEGG
• MODERN BEGG
CAT
FOUR STAGE APPLIANCE
BEDDTIOT
• TIP EDGE
PEA
ANDREWS
ROTH
MBT
BUTTERFLY
•SELF LIGATING BRACKETS
•SYNERGY BRACKETS
•LINGUAL BRACKETS
•ZERO BASED APPLIANCE
•CONCLUSION
•BIMETRIC SYSTEM
•DUAL ENVIRONMENT BRACKET
•BIO -EFFICIENT APPLIANCE
•SPEED
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4. Introduction
If you think the desire for straight teeth is a
trapping of modern society, think again! Extreme
Makeovers may be new, but "braces" date as far
back as ancient man!
Early History
Even ancient people wanted straight teeth!
According to the AAO (American Association of
Orthodontists), archaeologists have discovered
mummified ancients with crude metal bands
wrapped around individual teeth.
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5. • Greece were burying their dead
with appliances that were used
to maintain space and prevent
collapse of the dentition during
life.
• At the time of Christ, Aurelius
Cornelius Celsus first recorded
the treatment ofmalaligned
teeth by finger pressure.
• In 1728,. Fauchard used a device
called a "Bandeau," a horseshoe-
shaped piece of precious metal
which helped expand the arch..
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6. • In 1847 in New York
Dwinell invented the
regulating jack screw. It
delivered a pushing force
on the teeth, which was
later improved by
Dr.Edward Hartley Angle
to increase the range of
action. developed the
regulating retraction
screw.
• In 1887, Angle
developed the prototype of
the first bracket
attachment (a delicate
metal tube soldered to the
band).
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7. THE E-ARCH APPLIANCE (1907) :
consists of heavy
arch wire – 4
designs
•Basic E arch –
used in mandible for
bakers anchorage
2. E arch for
expansion – by tying
bas ligatures to the
arch
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8. • 3. E arch without threaded ends that fit into the
molar sheaths with attatched ball for high pull
head gear in the incisor area.
• 4. E arch with hooks - intermaxillary traction
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9. PIN AND TUBE APPLIANCE (1910) :
Each band of the
tooth had a tube
paralleled to long
axis of the tooth
Pin were soldered
to the arch wire .
First appliance to
cause root
movement
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10. RIBBON ARCH
APPLIANCE (1915) :
• Developed due to difficult
in use of pin and tube
appliance.
• It was actually the first
Bracket, as such to be used
in an orthodontic appliance.
• It was characterized by
Bracket with a vertical slot
facing incisally.
• rectanglar wire is inserted
in vertical slot.
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11. This was one of the Angle final achievement introduced
2yrs before he died.( 1928).
The term edge wise implies : the rectangular wire insert into
the narrowed or edge wise position of the Bracket.
The new edge wise bracket consisted of rectangular box with 3
walls within the bracket, 0.022 x 0.028 inch dimension slot opening
horizontally. This design provided more accuracy and more efficient
torquing mechanism.
THE EDGE WISE APPLIANCE.
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12. The original edge wise bracket as designed by Angle was made of
soft gold with a 0.022 x 0.028 inch slot that was readily
deformed by the forces of occlusion and by tying ligature wires to the
bracket.
The original edge wise bracket has been redesigned in the cross
section which is used today.
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13. MODIFICATIONS OF THE ORIGINAL EDGE WISE
BRACKET
SINGLE WIDTH BRACKET : The original edge wise arch
bracket was 0.050 inch wide and soldered to the gold band
material.
Arch wire was secured on the bottom of the bracket slot.
Disadvantages :
Because of narrow width, ineffective tooth rotation.
To overcome this Angle soldered gold eyelets at an appropriate
position on the orthodontic bands, ligature wire was tied from the
eyelet to the arch wire. Rotation was observed due to deflections of
the arch wire.
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14. TWIN BRACKETS :
“Siamese twin brackets” by brainerd swain.
two brackets on a single tooth.
This was done by joining together the two edge wise brackets
on a common base.
The space between two brackets was 0.050 inch equal to the
width of one of the brackets.
used on upper central incisors and on molar teeth.
.
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15. Basically there are four sizes of twin brackets.
Extra wide Standard Intermediate Junior
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16. Another early development was the evolution of a solid bracket that
was approximately twice as size as the original edge wise
bracket called a posterior bracket. It was approximately
0.100 inch wide and although designed to be used on molar teeth,
it has gained popularity for use on practically all teeth.
Curved Base Twin Bracket :
These brackets confirm to the buccal surfaces of the canines
and premolars.
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17. Advantages :
Maintain control of axial tooth inclinations.
“Positive control” – to retain corrected rotations
Ability to effect most of the tooth rotation without the use of auxiliary
eye let ties.
Disadvantages :
Inter bracket distance is decreased
Difficulty in employing closing loop arch wires and second order
bends.
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18. LEWIS BRACKET :
For efficient tooth rotation Dr.Paul D. Lewis soldered
auxiliary rotation arms that abutted to the bracket itself that
offered a lever arm to deflect the arch wire and rotate the teeth.
The present Lewis rotation bracket is a single width
bracket with integral rigid rotation wings..
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19. Advantages :
One decided advantage is 100% tooth rotation can be easily
obtained and over correction of rotations. This can be accomplished
by bending one wing closer to the tooth and the apposite wing
farther away.
Disadvantages :
Less control of axial inclination of tooth than to do twin brackets.
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20. Vertical Slot Lewis Bracket :
incorporation of 0.020 x 0.020 inch vertical slot.
Possible to use uprighting springs to correct axial inclination
Curved Base Lewis Bracket :
This involved the curving of the base and wings of the bracket to
conform to the canine and premolar teeth.
It allows greater contact with the band or bonding pad.
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21. STEINER BRACKET :
Designed by Cecil Steiner.
These bracket did not depend on the resiliency of the arch wires for
tooth rotation due to their inbuilt flexible rotational arms.
Steiner bracket utilizes a single width edge wise bracket.
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22. Swed bracket
Designed by ALEXANDER SWED
Instead of being a horizontal channel it is formed by a 2 opposing
wedges.
This design permits turning of arch wire in the slot
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23. BROUSSARD BRACKET :
Another modification of the edge wise has been the addition of
0.0185 x 0046 inch vertical slot to accept a doubled 0.018 inch
auxillary wire.
Designed by Garford Broussard.
Other Bracket Modification :
Burstone has modified the canine bracket by adding a vertical tube
for the insertion of retraction assemblies.
Burstone also designed a second premolar bracket with an auxiliary
tube.
TWIN WIRE ARCH BRACKETS( JOSEPH JOHN)
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24. BIO-PROGRESSIVE SYSTEM
• Developed by Robert.M. Ricketts in
1950.
• Ricketts described development of
Edgewise in 3 phases-
primary egde wise – Angle
secondary edgewise – strang ,Brodie.
tertiary edge wise – Tweed
quaternery edge wise - bioprogressive
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25. Bioprogressive
It was so named because of the
practice of progressive banding and a
planned progression of events in a
sequential manner.
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26. Ten principles of bioprogressive therapy
• Systematic approach to diagnosis and treatment
planning , v.t.o, anchorage
• Torque control.
• Muscular and cortical anchorage
• Movement of teeth in any direction with proper
application of pressure.
.
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27. • Orthopedic traction
• Treat overjet before overbite
• Sectional arch therapy
• Overtreatment
• Unlocking of malocclusion to establish normal
function
• prefabricated appliance
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28. • development of bioprogressive set ups – 3
phases
• standard bioprogressive – 1950
• Full torque bioprogressive – 1960
• Triple control bioprogressive- 1970
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29. Standard bioprogressive therapy
Brackets were
angulated on
bands on all
canines -50
80
- lateral incisor
50
- lower molars
Torque - 220
- CI
140
- LI
70
- c
Acc to jarabak
and holdaway
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30. Fully Torque Bioprogressive
Incorporated 120
rotation to lower
molar.
220
of torque on
lower second
premolar and lower
molar – for
anchorage.
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31. Triple control Bioprogressive
Raised bracket
on canine and
premolar of both
arches
150
rotation
triple tube-
upper molar
Convertible lower
first molar
tubes with 120
rotation 220
torque.
Second molar
tube with 320
torque and 120
rotation
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32. Alexander Principle
Given by Dr.Wick Alexander in 1978.
It is also called as Vari-Simplex discipline .
Vari – refers to variety of bracket types.
Simplex – Kiss principle (Keep it simple sir)
As archwires are simple, because first, 2nd, 3rd order
effects are incorporated into the bracket.
Hooks are not soldered to wire. Bracket hooks are used.
Multiloop arch forms are rarely used.
Discipline was chosen rather than appliance to reflect that
idea that the orthodontist must be knowledgable in
edgewise appliance and must play a active role in
application of appliance to the individual patient in order
that the treatment be successful.
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33. Appliance Design : Important factors
(1) size and shape of teeth especially mesiodistal
curvature
(2) ease of archwire ligation into bracket.
(3) Other major factor – is the accessibility of tooth
and whether it is located in a curved or straight
area of the arch.
“Vari simplex system is designed for 0.018
bracket slots and .017 wire”.
All brackets used in vari simplex systems allow
maximum engagement of archwires in the
bracket slot.
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34. Bracket Types :
Twin brackets : Used on large, flat
surface teeth maximum central
incisor and lateral incisor.
Lateral incisor twin brackets have
additional tie wings for easy
engagement of wire when canines
are placed high
.
Lateral incisor brackets have
permanent hooks attachment to
accommodate Class II elastics.
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35. Lang Brackets
Were invented by Dr.Howard Lang,
Round surfaced teeth at the corners of the mouth i.e. on
Maximum and Mandibular cuspids.
It is diamond form, single bracket with flat rotational
wings containing a circular hole. This aperture increases
flexibility of wing and can be used for ligation.
The bracket pad is contoured
The straight wing of lang eliminates interferences in this
curved portion of arch.
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36. Lewis Bracket : large round surface teeth that are not
at curve of arch, and also for small flat surface teeth
i.e. premolar, mandibular incisor.
It is fixed wing single bracket with built in lateral
curvature of rotation wings. This intends to provide 3
point contact on the wire, and they are wedge shaped.
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37. A twin bracket with a convertible sheath is used on
each maxillary and mandibular first molar.
Headgear tubes are placed occlusally.
Ball hooks are attached to upper and lower brackets.
Single buccal tubes are used on maxillary and
mandibular 2nd molars.
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38. Tip values and torque values in Alexander philosophy.
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39. Unique features
1) -6 ° angulation of the lower first molars- tip back
built to promote leveling of arch and preserves
anchorage.
1) 15° offset onto maxillary 1 st molar tube and 5 deg
on lower I st molar tube.
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40. Torque - by measuring torque on rectangular wires
used in well finished cases.
-3 deg on upper canine – eliminates the need of
adjusting torque during treatment.
No torque was incorporated on to the mandibular
second molar tubes as omega stops placed in
wire was bent to prevent impingement and
torque was automatically incorporated.
-5 deg lingual crown torque on mandibular incisors –
holds the mandibular position( class ii non
extraction)
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41. Begg Bracket
• Introduced by Precival Raymond Begg.
• In 1933 , about 3 yrs after switching from
rectangular to round wires he began using
stainless steel ribbon arch brackets with slots
gingivally rather than ooclusally.
• Hence The Begg bracket was the modified ribbon
arch bracket .
• In 1956 he introduced the concept of differential
force system.
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42. MODIFIED RIBBON ARCH BRACKET
Slot dimensions 0.020x0.045inch to accept both 0.020 inch arch wire
and when required a 0.016 inch torquing auxillary invented during
1960
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44. Four stage appliance
• It is introduced by William J. Thompson in 1981.
• The concept of the appliance was to use a light wire appliance
system to establish the early organization of malocclusion
and then to finish the treatment with a more rigid and
precise straight wire appliance.
• With combination light wire mechanics it is possible to use
light wire mechanics at their optimum for rapid anterior
alignment, maximum retraction of anteriors and good bite
opening.
At the desired point in treatment, the anchorage
resistance can be altered by changing slots, wire size
and friction to produce maximum edgewise control
and resistance in specific area of the appliance
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45. The ribbon arch slot is designed for free tipping
movements, edge wise slot for precise final detailing.
Edge wise slot incorporates pre- angulation, pre
torque, in – out correction.
The base of the bracket is bevelled to reduce the
possibility of friction.
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47. Combination anchorage technique.
For combination treatment, it is
essential that the combination
anchorage bracket be designed to
produce optimum light wire / straight
wire movements.
The CAT bracket has a 0.022 x 0.035
inch gingival or ribbon arch slot for
light for tipping movement and 0.018
x 0.025 inch or 0.022 x 0.025
edgewise slot to facilitate 3 dimension
movements with inbuilt tip, torque and
compensation. An enclosed vertical slot
to incorporate uprighting and rotating
springs.
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48. CAT brackets are contoured, reduced in
thickness and has slight modifications in built
features of edge wise slot when compared with
four stage appliance.
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49. Beddtiot
Begg edgewise diagnosis determined
totally individualized orthodontic
technique.
• By Hocevar
• This system uses narrow , single width , with 0.022x0.028 inch
edge wise arch wire slot and 0.020x0.020 vertical slot for various
auxillaries.
• 5 brackets – different torque values
• 0, 5,10,15,20 degrees
buccal tubes are conventional with 4.5mm long, 0.022x0.028 inch
torqued edge wire tube
with additional rectangular tube at a 15 degree angle to basic tube
used in extraction cases for anchorage purposes and bite openning.
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51. Tip-Edge bracket
Tip- edge bracket was invented by
Dr.Peter Kesling .
Introduced differential tooth movement in
edgewise based bracket system.
As, its name suggests Tip Edge combines
initial degree of tooth tipping ,which greatly
facilitates tooth movement prior to edge
wise precision finishing.
DIFFERENTIAL STRAIGHT ARCH TECHNIQUE
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52. Characteristics of Tip Edge
bracket.
By removing the predetermined ,diagonally
apposed corners from the conventional
edgewise slot, tip edge bracket is created.
Conventional tie wings and circular marking
on the distogingival wing for identification
on uppers and triangular marking on lowers.
A vertical slot is incorporated lingual to
main arch wire to accommodate auxiliaries
The shape of this slot is also known as
propeller slot
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53. The cut out surfaces of the arch wire
slot forms the tip limiting surfaces
which restrict the degree of the tipping.
The intact surfaces are finishing
surfaces,containg the the individualized
finishing prescription for each tooth.
The point at which tip limiting surface
and intact surfaces meet constitutes a
central ridge provide vertical control
and also torque is imparted ,under the
influence of auxillary springs under the
influence of final rectangular wire
phase.
The amount of tipping is dependent on
the angulations of cut portion of tip
limiting surface.
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54. Anterior tip edge brackets are
designed to allow distal crown tipping
during translation in the first stage of
treatment.
But ,premolar brackets are selected
according to the extraction site.
Tip Edge employs double buccal tubes. .
022x.028 rectangular tubes with convertible
tubes.
0.036 inch internal diameter –gingival
placed round tube.www.indiandentalacademy.com
55. side winders are used for uprighting of the roots, and
simultaneously help in expressing the in built torque.
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56. The finishing prescription contained within the Rx-1 bracket is
identical to today's straight wire systems with tip in face and torque
in base. These values were comparable with ROTH values.
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57. Tip Edge Plus
Modified version of Rx – 1 tip
edge bracket.
It has an additional horizontal
slot on the lingual surface of
the bracket .
It carries HANT auxiliary arch
wire to achieve up righting
root movements instead of
side winders.
Advantages- spring free
stage iii, oral hygiene, patient
comfort.
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58. Bimetric appliance
• The bimetric system of the edge wise mechanism is a tecnique
which uses bracket slots of two different sizes in the same mouth
• Introduced by Schudy f.f and Schudy g.f in 1975
• It uses 0.016 inch brackets on ANTERIORS
• 0.022 inch brackets on POSTERIORS.
• When an 0.016 x 0.022 inch wire is used an 90° twist is made to
canine the wire will fit all the brackets. Thus in anterior section
the treatment wire is edge wise and in posterior section it is ribbon
arch
• 2 way buccal tube on the molar will receive either dimension of wire
vertically or horizontally without allowing it to turn in the tube
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59. The rationale for these changes -
To best control the correct movement of anterior teeth by placing
the 0.016 inch wire vertically in anterior portion ,it gives resilient ,
gentle, effective torquing force.
When the wire is twisted 90°distal to canine the 0.022 dimension is
placed vertically so, that the maximum strength of the wire is
utilized
single width bracket (0.05 inch) with steiners double rotating
levers
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60. The Level Anchorage System
-
Terrel L.Root
Its consists of banded and bonded edge wise appliance with
built in torque, tip and offset and a treatment planning chart
with a step by step procedure.
CHARLES TWEED- ANCHORAGE PREPARATION
ANDREWS – STRAIGHT WIRE APPLIANCE
LEVEL ANCHORGE SYSTEM- combination of anchorage
preparation and straight wire appliance.
Bracket type- utilizes twin brackets for upper central incisors
and single lewis bracket for other teeth.
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62. DUAL ENVIRONMENT
BRACKETS
Introduced by George F. Schudy in 1990
.
This edge wise bracket would offer a
maximum range of action of wires, yet still
permit précise control with small edge wise
wires and require minimum change in the
techniques
.
Bracket Proper
Outer slot
Inner slot
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63. Larger outer slot for maximum arch wire flexibility in
the initial phase.
Smaller inner slot that accepts small
rectangular wires for maximum control later in
treatment.
The outer slot measures 0.040 inch for twin
bracket and 0.030 inch for single bracket. The inner
slot can be 0.016 or 0.018 inch
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64. Speed system - Dr. Hanson
The acronym speed is derived from the descriptive terms
Spring loaded, Edgewise, Energy and Delivery system.
The main components of the appliance are multi slotted bracket
body,a spring clip, specially shaped foil meshed bonding
bases.
The Bracket Body- consists of 4 slots, a small traingular
groove , short welding flanges and no gingival tie wing .
0.018x0.025 inch horizontal arch wire slot which opens
labially.
0.017x0.017 inch horizontal opens lingually.
A vertical spring slot opens lingually
A short and narrow angled access slot
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65. The highly resilient
spring clip is made of
stainless steel strip.
Each has a short labial arm
joining a longer lingual
arm by a occlusal curved
portion.
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67. Operation of speed bracket.
The spring is moved into a open position by application of
approximately 10 ½ ounces of occlusally directed force by using a
suitable lingual director.
The SPEED appliance has been designed for precise rational
control in 3 axis
occlusogingival axis
Labiolingual axis
Mesio distal axis
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68. Bioefficient therapy -
Vaizis
Is system was mainly designed to shorten the time consumed for initial
leveling.
Bracket design –
It is a multipurpose single bracket to increase the flexibility of wire
and also control the rotations .
ITS capabilities are -
Triangular in shape- confirms the crown anatomy and gingival
contour.
Low profile of bracket allows easy engagement of arch wire.
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69. Side elbows and wings of the bracket allows easy
engagement of Elastomeric modules.
Minimum friction due to increased interbracket span,
increased flexibilty of wire.
Ease of bracket placement
Tip control - is due to narrow and elongated configuration
of bracket
Rotational control
Vertical slot for auxillaries
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70. Andrews- SWA
The concept that an edge wise appliance could be fully
programmed evolved from a series of 5 studies.
SWA is given by Andrews in 1972
edge wise appliance - three catogories
non programmed appliance
partially programmed appliance
fully programmed appliance
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71. Non programmed appliance - Angle
Had six shortcomming like
• perpendicular bases
• bases not contoured occusogingivally and
• mesiodistally
• Slot not angulated
• stems of equal prominence
• Maxillary molar offset not build in
that always required wire bends
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72. Fully programmed appliance
design features of the bracket
slot siting features
convenience features
auxiliary features
.
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73. slot siting features-
MID TRANSVERSE PLANE -
• Mid transverse plane of
slot ,stem and crown must
be same.
• The base of the bracket
should have same
inclination has facial plane
crown.
• Inclined base contoured
occlusogingivally
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74. IN MID SAGITTAL PLANE-
4) midsagital plane of slot, stem and crown is same
5) the plane of bracket base is same as that of facial axis
point on crown. Maxillary molars – 1000
on all other crown – 900
6) base of the bracket is contoured mesiodistally
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75. 7) Vertical components of the bracket should be
parallel
( mesial and distal borders of stem and tie wings) and
straddle to crown FACC.
horizontal components to be parallel( superior and
inferior edges of the bracket) should be
equidistant from gingival margin and crown tip – FA
point.
Parallelogram bracket - ease of bracket placement
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76. MID FRONTAL PLANE
8) with in the arch all slot points must have the same
distance between them and embrasure line.
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77. • Convenience
features –
9) Assymetrical tie wings to
aid in ligation and prevent
gingival impingement on
posterior teeth.
10) Inclined bases prevent
occlusal interferences.
11) The face of the bracket
is contoured same as their
bases for lip comfort.
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79. Fully programmed appliance –
standard brackets -
translation brackets –
Standard brackets – incisors –
3 standard brackets
for class I
class ii
class iii
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80. • posterior teeth 2 brackets
• for class I
• class ii
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82. • In 1976 Roth published a report entitled “
five year clinical evaluation of the Andrews
SWA “
• Discussed the disadvantages of SWA .
• Reasons for modification.
Inventory
Anchorage control
overcorrection - to finish a case to an end
of appliance therapy in which all tooth
positions are slightly overcorrected
Roth bracket system (1987)
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83. Roth recommended single bracket system ,consisting
of primarily of minimum extraction series .
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85. MBT
MBT philosphy has been developed over 20 years.
By 3 clinicians - MC Laughlin,Bennet,Trevisi.
3 rd generation of PEA.
phisolophy is based on 4 critical issues.
• treatment mechanics
• Pre adjusted appliance
• Bracket placement technique
• Arch form
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86. MC LAUGHLIN AND BENNET – 1975 -1993
Standard
SWA
bracket
Oviod
arch form
Brackets
positioned
at the centre
of clinical
crowns
Light force
levels and
sliding
mechanics
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87. Mc Laughlin, Bennet , and Trevisi 1993-1997
new range
of MBT
brackets
ovoid arch
form
brackets
positioned
with guage
Light force
levels and
sliding
mechanics
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88. 1997 and 2001
New range
of MBT
brackets
Oviod,
square ,
tapered arch
forms
Brackets
positioned
with guage
Updated light
force levels
and sliding
mechanics
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89. MBT bracket system
• victory series
• Clarity brackets
• Full size twin brackets
• APC system
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90. MBT
Basic features of brackets
of modern bracket
system-
1) Range of brackets –
2) Rhomboidal shape
3)Torque in base
4)Expression of in out
5)Expression of tip-
19 x 25 wire in 0.022
slot almost express its tip
as clearance is less than
10.
T
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91. Dec upper anterior
tip – to conserve
anchorage .
Lower posterior tip
are same as
research values
angulating them
more mesially.www.indiandentalacademy.com
93. 6)Expression of torque-
Torque is inefficiently expressed by PEA appliance due to
.twist effect of small wire when compared to the bulk of
the teeth
.amount of play with 19x 25 wire -100
Extra torque was built into the appliance
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95. Versatility of MBT bracket system-
1. inversion of upper lateral incisor brackets
2. Same tip and torque in lower incisors
3. 3 prescriptions for canine - -7 ,0 ,+7, -6 ,0,+6
4. Same tip and torque in upper bicuspid brackets
5. upper second molar tubes on upper first molars in
non head gear cases
6. Lower second molar tubes on contra lateral upper
first molar to finish in class ii molar.
7. Additional 0.5mm of in – out for second upper
bicuspid,
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96. Butterfly brackets
Given by Dr. Bowman and Dr.
Carano
• The Butterfly system has
several unique features
designed to improve upon
existing PEA appliance
concepts in response to the
finding of ABO
• The Butterfly system is
based on a new low profile,
miniature twin wing design
and rounded tie wings,
elimination of hooks .
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97. It has seven unique features-
1) versatile vertical slot
2) progressive posterior torque
3) reversible second premolar
brackets- +3o
tip to
achieve good
intercuspation.
in extraction cases -these
brackets are reversed to
get better root
parallelism( -3o
)
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99. 4) progressive mandibular anterior
tip
5) angulated first molar
attatchments -60
tip
6) mandibular anterior torque -
available at - 50
and -100
7) conservative anterior torque- 00
torque for upper canine and -30
for
lower canine
in deep bite cases it can be
inverted to get +30
to move crowns
labially back
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100. Zero Based Orthodontic Appliance
System• This system allows the orthodontic community to enhance the
quality of treatment results .
• The key is to move away from a universal appliance
that is applied to all the patients toward an
indivisualized appliance that fits the specific needs
of each patient.
• 3M Unitek has developed Zero Based Orthodontic Appliance
System to provide pts specific prescription that takes
advantages of 3M unitek victory series and APC system.
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101. Self Ligating Brackets
Self ligating brackets are ligatureless bracket system that
have mechanical device built into the bracket to close off
the edgewise slot .
• first self ligating bracket -Russel lock.
• low frictional resistance.
• They are 2 types –
• 1) Active-spring clip
• 2) passive
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102. The Ultradent company -a tooth-colored
self-ligating bracket which is made of a
polycrystalline with a high glass fiber
portion. The Opal Bracket. This bracket has
a built-in hinged door which fits over the
arch wire.
Brackets Metálicos TIME - Self Ligating
System- available in 0.018 and 0.022 Roth
prescription.
ADENTA - New self ligating lingual
bracket
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103. Washington State orthodontist Dwight
Damon, use a 'sliding door' technique in
the Damon bracket.
Damon bracket, Damon 3, which is
part ceramic (clear or tooth-colored)
and part metal.
The 3M Company -self-ligating passive bracket
called SmartClips,, SmartClips brackets do not
have a "sliding door" or separate clip. The arch
wire is held in place with a specially designed
clip built into the bracket.
In-Ovation is made by the GAC
company. It is a twin bracket made
entirely of metal, and utilizes a
special clip built-in clip.
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104. Synergy brackets
Is the bracket which
has friction contol due
to the morphology of
the slot.
Low friction during
alignment.
Superelatic wires
combined with synergy
bracket - dynamic
synergistic effect.
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105. LINGUALLY BONDABLE BRACKET SYSTEM
Introduced by Dr.Craven Kurz in 1970’s
As the straight wire appliance was developed,
treatment demands had increased and adults were
seeking treatment in greater numbers. This increasing
demand for adult treatment brought unique concern to
the profession. Esthetics was then and continues to be
a primary concern of patients. On esthetic grounds the
demand for an appliance that did not show, the concept
of lingually bondable appliance was born.
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106. From Generation #1 to Generation #7
Generation #1 – 1976
This appliance had a flat maxillary occlusal bite plane from
canine to canine. The lower incisor and premolar brackets were
low profile and half-round, and there were no hooks on any
brackets.
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107. Generation #2 – 1980 :
Hooks were added to all canine brackets.
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108. Generation #3 – 1981
Hooks were added to all
anterior premolar brackets. The first
molar had a bracket with an internal
hook. The second molar had a
terminal sheath without a hook but has
a terminal recess for elastic traction.
Generation #4 – 1984
This generation saw the
addition of a low profile anterior
inclined plane on the central and
lateral incisor brackets. Hooks were
optional, based upon individual
treatment needs and hygiene
concerns.
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109. Generation #5 – 1985-86
The anterior inclined plane became more pronounced, with an
increase in labial torque in the maxillary anterior region. The canine
also had an inclined plane; however, it was bibeveled to allow
intercuspation of the maxillary cusp with the embrasure between the
mandibular canine and the first premolar. Hooks were optional. A
transpalatal bar attachment was now available for the first molar
bracket.
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110. Generation #6 – 1987-90
The inclined plane on the maxillary anteriors become more
square in shape. Hooks on the anteriors and premolars were
elongated. Hooks were now available for all the brackets. The
transpalatal bar attachment for the first molar band was optional. A
hinge cap, allowing ease of archwire manipulation, was now available
for molar brackets.
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111. Generation #7 – 1990 to Present :
Maxillary anterior inclined plane is now heart shaped with
short hooks
The lower anterior brackets have larger inclined plane with
short hooks
The premolar brackets were widened mesiodistally and
hooks were shortened
the increased width of Premolar bracket allows better
angulation and rotation control
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112. Lingual Beggs
-STEPHEN F. PAIGE
• with the slot oriented in
the occlusal-incisal
direction
• gingival "wing" to place
elastic modules
• vertical slots for arch
auxiliaries
• Molar Tube Design oval
tube with a mesiogingival
hook
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113. • Mesiodistal width is
minimal which increases
the inter bracket span
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114. Lingual straight wire (LSW)
Given by KYOTO TAKEMOTO and GIUSEPPE
SCUZZO.
The lingual orthodontic technique of Fujita uses a
mushroom archform because of the morphology of
lingual tooth surfaces.
As Buccolingual distances at the gingival margin did
not vary substantiallythis led to conclude that
straight archwires could be used in lingual
orthodontics if they were placed as close to the
gingival margin as possible.
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115. LSW appliance Vs Kurz appliance
• Advantages
– Allows ease of flossing.
– Gingival portion of bracket has fewer undercuts such as
hooks, resulting in improved oral hygiene in the cervical
region of lower anterior teeth.
– Distance of contact point from the wire is long enough to
permit proximal slicing without removing the wire.www.indiandentalacademy.com
116. – Without bite planes it is easy to establish
adequate overbite during detailing stage.
– Opposite direction of wire insertion helps in
easy rotational correction.
– Bracket rebondinig is easier as it doesn’t
require removal of archwire.
– Torque control is better as the wire is pushed
into the slot during application of the
retraction forces.
– Ease of anterior expansion.
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117. Orthodontist Clarke Stevens, in Nebraska
developed brackets shaped like hearts,
flowers, footballs, baseballs, and stars. He
calls his product WildSmiles Brackets.
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118. conclusion
Man’s quest for better performance
has led to many inventions , the same
implies for development of brackets
to achieve better results .
As there is no universal bracket
system available for treating all
malocclusions . It is upto the clinician
to decide for “ right appliance for
right patient”
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THE EDGE WISE APPLIANCE :
This was one of the angle final achievement, which was the culmination of many years of effort and many different appliances design attempting to place the teeth according to lien of occlusion.
The term edge wise implies : the rectangular wire insert into the narrowed or edge wise position of the Bracket.
The new edge wise bracket consisted of rectangular box with 3 walls within the bracket, 0.022 x 0.028 inch dimension slot opening horizontally. This new design provided more accuracy and then a more efficient torquing mechanism.
Angle introduced the edge wise bracket 2 years before he died. He had little time to teach its manipulation, they describe it further and the improve its use which he knew it.
Any fixed appliance distributes force to the teeth by a variety of means. Brackets receive most of the forces. The selection and placement of these attachments will definitely influence the direction, distribution and amount of force applied.
At the beginning the historical development of the edge wise appliance has been outlined. The original edge wise bracket as designed by angle was made of soft gold with a 0.022 x 0.028 inch slot that was readily deformed by the forces of occlusion and by tying ligature wires to the bracket. The original edge wise bracket has been redesigned in the cross section which is used today.