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Enhancement of orthodontic
tooth movement with minute
electric currents
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Control, mesial, cAMPwww.indiandentalacademy.com
Cathode, 30 min, cAMP
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Control, distal, cAMPwww.indiandentalacademy.com
Anode, 30 min, cAMPwww.indiandentalacademy.com
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Conclusions
Noninvasive application of minute electric
current to the gingival epithelium in cats
is effective in activating periostesl cells
near the cathode and anode.
Judging by the effects on cyclic nucleotides
and prostaglandins, electricity is an
effective means to achieve rapid
activation of alveolar bone surface cells.
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Augmented uptake of
technetium-99m-methylene
diphosphonate by electrically
stimulated bone in vivo
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Technetium
• A metallic chemical element obtained by
the irradiation of molybdenum with
deuterons and in the fission of uranium.
• It does not exist in nature, and all its
isotopes are radioactive.
• The t ½ of Tc-99m is 6 hours.
• It emits gamma rays at 140 keV.
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Technetium
• Tc-99m, when injected into the vascular
system, has a strong affinity to sites of
new bone apposition.
• Therefore, measurements of gamma
radiation in living organisms can reveal
the exact location of sites of enhanced
skeletal remodeling.
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Controlwww.indiandentalacademy.com
Electricity, 7 dayswww.indiandentalacademy.com
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Control, PGEwww.indiandentalacademy.com
Day 7, cathode, PGEwww.indiandentalacademy.com
Day 7, anode, PGEwww.indiandentalacademy.com
Control, cAMPwww.indiandentalacademy.com
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Day 7, anode, cAMPwww.indiandentalacademy.com
Conclusions
• Measurements of gamma radiation emitted
from mandibles of 5 cats treated with 20μA
d.c. application to one side of the jaw,
revealed significantly increased osteogenic
activity in the treated side.
• This finding was confirmed by cyclic
nucleotide and prostaglandin
immunohistochemical tests.
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Electrical stimulation for
enhancement of orthodontic
tooth movement
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Hypothesis
Orthodontic forces and minute electric
currents, both cause apposition and
resorption of alveolar bone. Therefore, a
simultaneous application of both physical
entities will evoke a synergistic biological
effect, leading to rapid tissue remodeling
and tooth movement.
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Conclusions
A short term (14 d) experiment in cats
revealed that teeth treated with
mechanical force and electric current,
indeed moved significantly faster than
teeth subjected only to orthodontic force.
Histologically, rapid movement was
associated with advanced paradental
tissue remodeling.
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Electrical Orthodontics:
A clinical investigation
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Objective
To determine whether a regimen of a
combined application in human subjects
of electricity and mechanical force will
enhance the rate of tooth movement.
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Conclusions
Four hours a day of gingival exposure to
20 μA d.c. effectively enhanced tooth
movement in young adult female
orthodontic patients. However, tissue
irritation near the anode suggests that
the current has induced inflammation,
which could be, at least in part,
responsible for the enhanced tissue
remodeling and tooth movement.
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