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CLASSIFICATION OF
  MALOCCLUSION

 INDIAN DENTAL ACADEMY
www.indiandentalacademy.com

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CLASSIFICATION SYSTEM
• IS A GROUPING OF CLINICAL CASES
  OF SIMILAR APPEARANCE FOR EASE
  IN HANDLING AND DISCUSSION,IT IS
     NOT A SYSTEM FOR DIAGNOSIS
      ,METHOD FOR DETERMINING
  PROGNOSIS OR A WAY OF DEFINING
             TREATMENT


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OC               UP
CLUSION          CLOSING


 “CLOSING UP”

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DEFINITION

THE RELATIONSHIP OF THE MAXILLARY
AND MANDIBULAR TEETH WHEN THE JAWS
ARE CLOSED IN CENTRIC RELATION
WITHOUT STRAIN OF MUSCULATURE OR
DISPLACEMENT OF CONDYLES IN THEIR
FOSSAE.



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NORMAL AND IDEAL OCCLUSION

    “NORMAL” IMPLIES TO THE VARIATIONS
             AROUND AN
       AVERAGE OR MEAN VALUE.



“IDEAL” IS A HYPOTHETICAL CONCEPT OR A
           STANDARDIZED GOAL.



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SIX KEYS OF NORMAL OCCLUSION

      1.MOLAR INTER-ARCHRELATIONSHIP

      2.MESIODISTAL CROWN ANGULATION

      3.LABIOLINGUAL CROWN INCLINATION

      4.ABSENCE OF ROTATION

      5.TIGHT CONTACTS


      6.CURVE OF SPEE

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L
                             I
                             N
                             E

                             OF

                             O
                             C
                             C
                             L
                             U
                             S
                             I
                             O
www.indiandentalacademy.co   N
C
                             A
                             T
                             E
                             R
                             N
                             A
                             R
                             Y

                             C
                             U
                             R
                             V
                             E


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ANY DEVIATION IN NORMAL OCCLUSION.




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WHY TO CLASSIFY?



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REASONS FOR CLASSIFYING

 TO GROUP CERTAIN MALOCCLUSIONS
 TOGETHER WHICH MAY OR MAY NOT
 HAVE THE SAME ETIOLOGY.

 EASE OF REFERENCE, COMPARISON AND
 COMMUNICATION.

 THINKING OF THE POSSIBLE TREATMENT
 MODALITIES THAT MAY BE NEEDED IN A
 PARTICULAR CASE.
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VARIOUS SYSTEMS OF CLASSIFICATION

 ANGLE SYSTEM AND ITS MODIFICATIONS

            SIMONS SYSTEM

     AETIOLOGICAL CLASSIFICATION

BAUME CLASSIFICATION OF PRIMARY TEETH

ACKERMANN AND PROFITT CLASSIFICATION

      BALLARDS CLASSIFICATION

         WHO CLASSIFICATION
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ANGLE SYSTEM
        BY EDWARD HARTLEY
        ANGLE

        WAS CONSIDERED THE
        FATHER OF MODERN
        ORTHODONTICS

        BASED ON THE ANTERO
        POSTERIOR RELATIONSHIP
        OF THE
        JAWS WITH EACH OTHER

          CONSIDERS MAXILLARY
          FIRST PERMANENT MOLAR
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CLASS II
    DIVISION I
    DIVISION II
                  TYPE A
                  TYPE B
                  TYPE C
CLASS II SUB DIV

                   TRUE
CLASS III
                  PSUEDO


CLASS III SUB DIV

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Angle’s classification of
           malocclusion
• It was given by Edward Angle in 1899

• Based on the mesio-distal relation of the
  teeth, dental arches and jaws

• Maxillary 1st permanent molar- key to
  occlusion

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Class I malocclusion
Class I molar relationship

 Mesiobuccal cusp of the maxillary first
 molar occludes in the buccal groove of
 the mandibular 1st permanent molar




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• Crowding, spacing, rotations missing tooth etc.

• Normal skeletal and normal muscle relationship

• Class I bimaxillary protrusion– normal class I
  relationship but dentition of both the arches are
  forwardly placed in relation to facial profile


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Angle’s class II malocclusion
• Class II molar relationship- disto buccal
  cusp of the upper first permanent molar
  occludes in the buccal groove of the lower
  1st molar
• It is sub classified into
      class II division 1
      class II division 2
      class II subdivision
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Class II div 1
• Class II molar relation
• Proclined upper incisors –increased overjet
• Presence of abnormal muscle activity-
  characterstic feature
• Altered tongue positon- accentuates
• narrowing of upper arch
• Lip trap- lower lip cushions the palatal
  aspect of the upper teeth
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Class II div 2
• Class II molar relation

• Lingually inclined upper central incisors

• Labially tipped lateral incisors overlapping
  the centrals

• Normal perioral muscle activity

• Abnormal backward path of closure

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Class II subdivision
 » Class II molar relation on one side and class I on
   other




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Class III MALOCCLUSION
CLASS III MOLAR RELATIONSHIP-

MESIOBUCCAL CUSP OF MAXILLARY FIRST
MOLAR OCCLUDES IN THE INTERDENTAL
SPACE BETWEEN THE DISTAL CUSP OF
MANDIBULAR FIRST MOLAR AND SECOND
 MOLAR.

• CLASSIFIED INTO-

 TRUE CLASS III

 PSEUDO CLASS III
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Class III MALOCCLUSION




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TRUE CLASS III
• Class III molar relation

• LOWER INCISORS LINGUALLY
  INCLINED

• LOWER TONGUE POSTURE- NARROW
  UPPER ARCH

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PSEUDO CLASS III
• CAUSED BY FORWARD MOVEMENT OF
  THE MANDIBLE- POSTURAL OR
  HABITUAL CLASS III

• CAUSES OF PSEUDO CLASS III:-

 OCCLUSAL PREMATURITY
 LOSS OF DECIDUOUS MOLARS
 LARGE ADENOIDS
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CLASS III SUBDIVISION
• CLASS III MOLAR RELATION ON ONE
  SIDE AND CLASS I RELATION ON THE
  OTHER




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DRAWBACKS OF ANGLE’S
   CLASSIFICATION
• FIRST PERMANENT MOLAR NOT A
  FIXED POINT
• CLASSIFICATION IS NOT POSSIBLE IF
  FIRST MOLARS ARE MISSING
• MALOCCLUSION IS CONSIDERED
  ONLY IN A-P DIRECTION
• INDIVIDUAL TOOTH MALOCCLUSION
  IS NOT CONSIDERED

         www.indiandentalacademy.co
SHORT COMINGS OF ANGLE’S
          CLASSIFICATION
DOES NOT CONSIDER MALOCCLUSION IN VERTICAL
AND TRANSVERSE PLANE.
CANNOT BE APPLIED IF FIRST PERMANENT MOLARS
ARE MISSING.
CANNOT BE USED IN DECIDUOUS DENTITION.
DOES NOT INDICATE THE ETIOLOGY OF
MALOCCLUSION.
NO SKELETAL RELATIONSHIP IS CONSIDERED
MALFUNCTIONS OF MUSCLES AND BONES ARE
OVERLOOKED.
DOES NOT INDICATE THE COMPLEXITY OF THE
PROBLEM.


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MODIFICATIONS


     LISCHERS

      DEWEYS

     HOWARDS

     TAYALORS

www.indiandentalacademy.co
LISHERS MODIFICATION

  NEUTROCCLUSION
  DISTOCCLUSION
  MESIOCCLUSION
  BUCCOCCLUSION
  LINGUOCCLUSION
  SUPRAOCCLUSION
  INFRAOCCLUSION
  MESIOVERSION
  DISTOVERSION
  TRANSVERSION
  AXIVERSION
  TORSIVERSION
 www.indiandentalacademy.co
DEWEYS MODIFICA TION

               ANGLES CLASS I

TYPE I CROWDED ANTERIORS

TYPE 2 MAXILLARY INCISORS ARE PROCLINED AND
SPACED

TYPE 3 ANTERIOR CROSS BITE

TYPE 4 POSTERIOR CROSSBITE

TYPE 5 IS SIMILAR TO TYPE 1 BUT IS DUE TO DRIFTING
OF TEETH
             www.indiandentalacademy.co
ANGLES CLASS II

            NO MODIFICATIONS



            ANGLES CLASS III

TYPE I OVERLAPED BY MAXILLARY MANDIBULAR
       INCISORS ARE CROWDED AND INCISORS

  TYPE II UPPER AND LOWER ANTERIORS ARE IN
       EDGE         TO EDGE RELATION

        TYPE III ANTERIOR CROSS BITE

            www.indiandentalacademy.co
HOWARDS MODIFICATION

  ANGLES CLASS II GROWTH PROBLEM

ANGLES CLASS I NON GROWTH PROBLEM




   TAYLORS MODIFICATION

  BIMAXILLARY PROTRUSION      CLASS IV



          www.indiandentalacademy.co
SIMON CLASSIFICATION

                             ATTRACTION
FRANKFORT HORIZONTAL
       PLANE                 ABTRACTION



                             PROTRACTION
 ORBITAL PLANE

                              RETRACTION




                            CONTRACTION
  MID SAGITAL
      PLANE
                www.indiandentalacademy.co
                             DISTRACTION
Simon’s classification of
           malocclusion
• Simon in 1930 was the first to relate the
  dental arches to the face and cranium in the
  three plane of space i.e
• Frankfort Horizontal Plane (vertically)
• Orbital plane (anterio-posteriorly)
• Raphe or Mid Sagital plane
   (transversely)

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Frankfort horizontal plane
Formed by drawing
a straight line
through the bony
margins of the
orbit to the upper
margins of external
auditory meatus


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• This plane is used to classify malocclusion in
  vertical direction

  1. Attraction: when the dental arch or part
     of it is closed to FHP

  2. Abstraction: when a dental arch or a
     part of it is away from FHP

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Orbital plane
• Perpendicular to the
  FHP
• Simon’s law of
  canine- “this plane
  should pass through
  the distal third of the
   canine”


               www.indiandentalacademy.co
• This plane is used to describe malocclusion in
  saggital or anterio posterior plane

• Protraction – when the dental arch or part of it
  is away from this plane

• Retraction - when the arch or part of it is
  closed or more posteriorly placed



              www.indiandentalacademy.co
Mid sagittal plane
• This plane is formed
  by points apprx 1.5
  cm apart on the
  median raphe of the
  palate

• This plane passes at
  right angle to FHP
             www.indiandentalacademy.co
• It classifies malocclusion according to
  Transeverse deviation from MSP

• Contraction : A part or all of the dental arch
  is contracted towards MSP

• Distraction : A part or all of the dental arch is
  wider or placed at a distance which is normal



              www.indiandentalacademy.co
ADVANTAGES

1 . 3 DIMENSIONAL - MORE PRECISE

2. LAYS EMPHASIS ON THE ORIENTATION
   OF DENTAL ARCHES TO THE FACIAL
           SKELETON

    DISADVANTAGES
IT IS TIME CONSUMING AND CUMBERSOME




     www.indiandentalacademy.co
BAUME CLASSIFICATION OF PRIMARY TEETH

                                            CLASS I
  STRAIGHT OR FLUSH                           OR
   TERMINAL PLANE                           CLASS II


                                            CLASS I
   MESIAL STEP                                OR
                                            CLASS III


      DISTAL                                 CLASS II
      STEP



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BAUME
               CLASSIFICATION




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ETIOLOGICAL
  CLASSIFICATION
               BY MOYER'S

   OSSEOUS


 MUSCULAR


   DENTAL



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BALLARD'S CLASSIFICATION-
    Incisor Classification




    CLASS I         CLASS II       CLASS III
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Ackermann-profitt system of
           classification
• This classification includes description of
  malocclusion in all the three spaces

• It gives indication towards the severity of
  malocclusion

• The classification is illustrated using venn symbolic
  logic diagram

• It considers five characteristics and their inter
  relationship is assessed.
                www.indiandentalacademy.co
VENN DIAGRAM
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ACKERMAN AND PROFIT CLASSIFICATION
    DIAGRAMATIC CLASSIFICATION OF MALOCCLUSION IN 1960

          ALIGNMENT                    IDEAL
STEP 1       AND                     CROWDING
          SYMMETRY                    SPACING


                             STRAIGHT (ORTHOGNATHIC)
           PROFILE                   CONVEX
                                    CONCAVE
STEP 2       AND
                                    STRAIGHT
                                    ANTERIOR
         DIVERGENCE
                                    POSTERIOR

                                  BUCCO LINGUAL
STEP 3   TRANSVERSE PLANE         RELATIONSHIP OF
                                    POST TEETH
                www.indiandentalacademy.co
STEP 4   SAGITAL PLANE     ANGLES CLASS I
                           ANGLES CLASS II
                           ANGLES CLASS III


STEP 5   VERTICAL PLANE    BITE DEPTH

              OPEN BITE         SKELETAL
              DEEP BITE          DENTAL




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THANK YOU




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Classification of malocclusion in orthodontics /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dental academy

  • 1. CLASSIFICATION OF MALOCCLUSION INDIAN DENTAL ACADEMY www.indiandentalacademy.com www.indiandentalacademy.co
  • 2. CLASSIFICATION SYSTEM • IS A GROUPING OF CLINICAL CASES OF SIMILAR APPEARANCE FOR EASE IN HANDLING AND DISCUSSION,IT IS NOT A SYSTEM FOR DIAGNOSIS ,METHOD FOR DETERMINING PROGNOSIS OR A WAY OF DEFINING TREATMENT www.indiandentalacademy.co
  • 3. OC UP CLUSION CLOSING “CLOSING UP” www.indiandentalacademy.co
  • 4. DEFINITION THE RELATIONSHIP OF THE MAXILLARY AND MANDIBULAR TEETH WHEN THE JAWS ARE CLOSED IN CENTRIC RELATION WITHOUT STRAIN OF MUSCULATURE OR DISPLACEMENT OF CONDYLES IN THEIR FOSSAE. www.indiandentalacademy.co
  • 5. NORMAL AND IDEAL OCCLUSION “NORMAL” IMPLIES TO THE VARIATIONS AROUND AN AVERAGE OR MEAN VALUE. “IDEAL” IS A HYPOTHETICAL CONCEPT OR A STANDARDIZED GOAL. www.indiandentalacademy.co
  • 6. SIX KEYS OF NORMAL OCCLUSION 1.MOLAR INTER-ARCHRELATIONSHIP 2.MESIODISTAL CROWN ANGULATION 3.LABIOLINGUAL CROWN INCLINATION 4.ABSENCE OF ROTATION 5.TIGHT CONTACTS 6.CURVE OF SPEE www.indiandentalacademy.co
  • 7. L I N E OF O C C L U S I O www.indiandentalacademy.co N
  • 8. C A T E R N A R Y C U R V E www.indiandentalacademy.co
  • 9. ANY DEVIATION IN NORMAL OCCLUSION. www.indiandentalacademy.co
  • 10. WHY TO CLASSIFY? www.indiandentalacademy.co
  • 11. REASONS FOR CLASSIFYING TO GROUP CERTAIN MALOCCLUSIONS TOGETHER WHICH MAY OR MAY NOT HAVE THE SAME ETIOLOGY. EASE OF REFERENCE, COMPARISON AND COMMUNICATION. THINKING OF THE POSSIBLE TREATMENT MODALITIES THAT MAY BE NEEDED IN A PARTICULAR CASE. www.indiandentalacademy.co
  • 12. VARIOUS SYSTEMS OF CLASSIFICATION ANGLE SYSTEM AND ITS MODIFICATIONS SIMONS SYSTEM AETIOLOGICAL CLASSIFICATION BAUME CLASSIFICATION OF PRIMARY TEETH ACKERMANN AND PROFITT CLASSIFICATION BALLARDS CLASSIFICATION WHO CLASSIFICATION www.indiandentalacademy.co
  • 13. ANGLE SYSTEM BY EDWARD HARTLEY ANGLE WAS CONSIDERED THE FATHER OF MODERN ORTHODONTICS BASED ON THE ANTERO POSTERIOR RELATIONSHIP OF THE JAWS WITH EACH OTHER CONSIDERS MAXILLARY FIRST PERMANENT MOLAR www.indiandentalacademy.co
  • 15. CLASS II DIVISION I DIVISION II TYPE A TYPE B TYPE C CLASS II SUB DIV TRUE CLASS III PSUEDO CLASS III SUB DIV www.indiandentalacademy.co
  • 16. Angle’s classification of malocclusion • It was given by Edward Angle in 1899 • Based on the mesio-distal relation of the teeth, dental arches and jaws • Maxillary 1st permanent molar- key to occlusion www.indiandentalacademy.co
  • 17. Class I malocclusion Class I molar relationship Mesiobuccal cusp of the maxillary first molar occludes in the buccal groove of the mandibular 1st permanent molar www.indiandentalacademy.co
  • 20. • Crowding, spacing, rotations missing tooth etc. • Normal skeletal and normal muscle relationship • Class I bimaxillary protrusion– normal class I relationship but dentition of both the arches are forwardly placed in relation to facial profile www.indiandentalacademy.co
  • 21. Angle’s class II malocclusion • Class II molar relationship- disto buccal cusp of the upper first permanent molar occludes in the buccal groove of the lower 1st molar • It is sub classified into class II division 1 class II division 2 class II subdivision www.indiandentalacademy.co
  • 22. Class II div 1 • Class II molar relation • Proclined upper incisors –increased overjet • Presence of abnormal muscle activity- characterstic feature • Altered tongue positon- accentuates • narrowing of upper arch • Lip trap- lower lip cushions the palatal aspect of the upper teeth www.indiandentalacademy.co
  • 24. Class II div 2 • Class II molar relation • Lingually inclined upper central incisors • Labially tipped lateral incisors overlapping the centrals • Normal perioral muscle activity • Abnormal backward path of closure www.indiandentalacademy.co
  • 27. Class II subdivision » Class II molar relation on one side and class I on other www.indiandentalacademy.co
  • 28. Class III MALOCCLUSION CLASS III MOLAR RELATIONSHIP- MESIOBUCCAL CUSP OF MAXILLARY FIRST MOLAR OCCLUDES IN THE INTERDENTAL SPACE BETWEEN THE DISTAL CUSP OF MANDIBULAR FIRST MOLAR AND SECOND MOLAR. • CLASSIFIED INTO- TRUE CLASS III PSEUDO CLASS III www.indiandentalacademy.co
  • 29. Class III MALOCCLUSION www.indiandentalacademy.co
  • 31. TRUE CLASS III • Class III molar relation • LOWER INCISORS LINGUALLY INCLINED • LOWER TONGUE POSTURE- NARROW UPPER ARCH www.indiandentalacademy.co
  • 32. PSEUDO CLASS III • CAUSED BY FORWARD MOVEMENT OF THE MANDIBLE- POSTURAL OR HABITUAL CLASS III • CAUSES OF PSEUDO CLASS III:- OCCLUSAL PREMATURITY LOSS OF DECIDUOUS MOLARS LARGE ADENOIDS www.indiandentalacademy.co
  • 33. CLASS III SUBDIVISION • CLASS III MOLAR RELATION ON ONE SIDE AND CLASS I RELATION ON THE OTHER www.indiandentalacademy.co
  • 34. DRAWBACKS OF ANGLE’S CLASSIFICATION • FIRST PERMANENT MOLAR NOT A FIXED POINT • CLASSIFICATION IS NOT POSSIBLE IF FIRST MOLARS ARE MISSING • MALOCCLUSION IS CONSIDERED ONLY IN A-P DIRECTION • INDIVIDUAL TOOTH MALOCCLUSION IS NOT CONSIDERED www.indiandentalacademy.co
  • 35. SHORT COMINGS OF ANGLE’S CLASSIFICATION DOES NOT CONSIDER MALOCCLUSION IN VERTICAL AND TRANSVERSE PLANE. CANNOT BE APPLIED IF FIRST PERMANENT MOLARS ARE MISSING. CANNOT BE USED IN DECIDUOUS DENTITION. DOES NOT INDICATE THE ETIOLOGY OF MALOCCLUSION. NO SKELETAL RELATIONSHIP IS CONSIDERED MALFUNCTIONS OF MUSCLES AND BONES ARE OVERLOOKED. DOES NOT INDICATE THE COMPLEXITY OF THE PROBLEM. www.indiandentalacademy.co
  • 36. MODIFICATIONS LISCHERS DEWEYS HOWARDS TAYALORS www.indiandentalacademy.co
  • 37. LISHERS MODIFICATION  NEUTROCCLUSION  DISTOCCLUSION  MESIOCCLUSION  BUCCOCCLUSION  LINGUOCCLUSION  SUPRAOCCLUSION  INFRAOCCLUSION  MESIOVERSION  DISTOVERSION  TRANSVERSION  AXIVERSION  TORSIVERSION www.indiandentalacademy.co
  • 38. DEWEYS MODIFICA TION ANGLES CLASS I TYPE I CROWDED ANTERIORS TYPE 2 MAXILLARY INCISORS ARE PROCLINED AND SPACED TYPE 3 ANTERIOR CROSS BITE TYPE 4 POSTERIOR CROSSBITE TYPE 5 IS SIMILAR TO TYPE 1 BUT IS DUE TO DRIFTING OF TEETH www.indiandentalacademy.co
  • 39. ANGLES CLASS II NO MODIFICATIONS ANGLES CLASS III TYPE I OVERLAPED BY MAXILLARY MANDIBULAR INCISORS ARE CROWDED AND INCISORS TYPE II UPPER AND LOWER ANTERIORS ARE IN EDGE TO EDGE RELATION TYPE III ANTERIOR CROSS BITE www.indiandentalacademy.co
  • 40. HOWARDS MODIFICATION ANGLES CLASS II GROWTH PROBLEM ANGLES CLASS I NON GROWTH PROBLEM TAYLORS MODIFICATION BIMAXILLARY PROTRUSION CLASS IV www.indiandentalacademy.co
  • 41. SIMON CLASSIFICATION ATTRACTION FRANKFORT HORIZONTAL PLANE ABTRACTION PROTRACTION ORBITAL PLANE RETRACTION CONTRACTION MID SAGITAL PLANE www.indiandentalacademy.co DISTRACTION
  • 42. Simon’s classification of malocclusion • Simon in 1930 was the first to relate the dental arches to the face and cranium in the three plane of space i.e • Frankfort Horizontal Plane (vertically) • Orbital plane (anterio-posteriorly) • Raphe or Mid Sagital plane (transversely) www.indiandentalacademy.co
  • 43. Frankfort horizontal plane Formed by drawing a straight line through the bony margins of the orbit to the upper margins of external auditory meatus www.indiandentalacademy.co
  • 44. • This plane is used to classify malocclusion in vertical direction 1. Attraction: when the dental arch or part of it is closed to FHP 2. Abstraction: when a dental arch or a part of it is away from FHP www.indiandentalacademy.co
  • 45. Orbital plane • Perpendicular to the FHP • Simon’s law of canine- “this plane should pass through the distal third of the canine” www.indiandentalacademy.co
  • 46. • This plane is used to describe malocclusion in saggital or anterio posterior plane • Protraction – when the dental arch or part of it is away from this plane • Retraction - when the arch or part of it is closed or more posteriorly placed www.indiandentalacademy.co
  • 47. Mid sagittal plane • This plane is formed by points apprx 1.5 cm apart on the median raphe of the palate • This plane passes at right angle to FHP www.indiandentalacademy.co
  • 48. • It classifies malocclusion according to Transeverse deviation from MSP • Contraction : A part or all of the dental arch is contracted towards MSP • Distraction : A part or all of the dental arch is wider or placed at a distance which is normal www.indiandentalacademy.co
  • 49. ADVANTAGES 1 . 3 DIMENSIONAL - MORE PRECISE 2. LAYS EMPHASIS ON THE ORIENTATION OF DENTAL ARCHES TO THE FACIAL SKELETON DISADVANTAGES IT IS TIME CONSUMING AND CUMBERSOME www.indiandentalacademy.co
  • 50. BAUME CLASSIFICATION OF PRIMARY TEETH CLASS I STRAIGHT OR FLUSH OR TERMINAL PLANE CLASS II CLASS I MESIAL STEP OR CLASS III DISTAL CLASS II STEP www.indiandentalacademy.co
  • 51. BAUME CLASSIFICATION www.indiandentalacademy.co
  • 52. ETIOLOGICAL CLASSIFICATION BY MOYER'S OSSEOUS MUSCULAR DENTAL www.indiandentalacademy.co
  • 53. BALLARD'S CLASSIFICATION- Incisor Classification CLASS I CLASS II CLASS III www.indiandentalacademy.co
  • 54. Ackermann-profitt system of classification • This classification includes description of malocclusion in all the three spaces • It gives indication towards the severity of malocclusion • The classification is illustrated using venn symbolic logic diagram • It considers five characteristics and their inter relationship is assessed. www.indiandentalacademy.co
  • 56. ACKERMAN AND PROFIT CLASSIFICATION DIAGRAMATIC CLASSIFICATION OF MALOCCLUSION IN 1960 ALIGNMENT IDEAL STEP 1 AND CROWDING SYMMETRY SPACING STRAIGHT (ORTHOGNATHIC) PROFILE CONVEX CONCAVE STEP 2 AND STRAIGHT ANTERIOR DIVERGENCE POSTERIOR BUCCO LINGUAL STEP 3 TRANSVERSE PLANE RELATIONSHIP OF POST TEETH www.indiandentalacademy.co
  • 57. STEP 4 SAGITAL PLANE ANGLES CLASS I ANGLES CLASS II ANGLES CLASS III STEP 5 VERTICAL PLANE BITE DEPTH OPEN BITE SKELETAL DEEP BITE DENTAL www.indiandentalacademy.co
  • 58. THANK YOU www.indiandentalacademy.co