1. Reading
comprehension skills:
Understanding how
writers achieve effects

2. 1.WHAT EFFECT THE WRITER HAS
CREATED
 Experience
 Atmosphere
 Statement of fact
 Opinion or emotion
 Reaction

3. 1.WHAT IMPRESSION HAS BEEN MADE
ON THE READER’S MIND OR SENSES?
 See
 Hear
 Smell/ taste
 Feel

4. 1.WHAT CAUSED THIS EFFECT
 Specific meaning of a word
Associations created by a word
Rhythm and pace of words and sentence
structures
 The positioning of words, phrases, sentences
and lines on the page.

5. 1

6. Student’s answer
I s this answer
good?

7. Examiner’s comments

8. Try this one out:
I:DCIM101_PANAP1010112.JPG

9. A
This is a good answer which refers to several examples and
explains them fully.

10. B
This is an excellent answer as the candidate explains in some
detail exactly how the writer’s attitude is shown, referring to precise
meanings of words associations which the words used by the writer
evoke and the way in which the writer’s viewpoint manipulates the
reader’s sympathy.

11. •Use the precise meaning of a
word to explain how it creates
effect.
•Use the strength of a word to
explain how it creates the effect.
• Use the associations of a word
to explain how it creates the
effect.