Kazakhstan - Largest Central Asian country rich in oil. Pursued privatization and was able to export oil at world prices, leading to economic growth. Oil was the main driver of its economic boom. Kyrgyzstan - One of the poorest states with no resources. Pursued rapid reforms but implementation was unsuccessful. Limited foreign investment and high spending led to debt and stalled reforms. Tajikistan - Also poor with no resources and civil war in the 1990s consumed the country. Post-war liberal policies were poorly implemented, leading to disastrous economic performance. No resources and instability meant poverty.