info regarding NGOS

1. THE ROLE OF WHO,UNICEF,UNFPA
AND OTHER DEVELOPMENTAL
AGENCIES IN PUBLIC HEALTH
Presented by Dr IQRA DAUD AWAN

2. What is NGO?
Non-governmental organizations (NGOs) are
legally constituted corporations created by natural or
legal people that operate independently from any form
of government. The term originated from the United
Nations, and normally refers to organizations that are
not a part of a government and are not conventional
for-profit businesses.

3. HISTORY
International non-governmental organizations have a history dating
back to at least 1839. However, the phrase "non-governmental
organization" only came into popular use with the establishment of the
United Nations Organization in 1945. The definition of "international
NGO" (INGO) is first given in resolution on February 27, 1950: it is defined
as "any international organization that is not founded by an
international treaty. Rapid development of the non-governmental
sector occurred in western countries as a result of the processes of
restructuring of the welfare state. Further globalization of that process
occurred after the fall of the communist system. Globalization during
the 20th century gave rise to the importance of NGOs. Many problems
could not be solved within a nation. International treaties and
international organizations such as the World Trade Organization were
centered mainly on the interests of capitalist enterprises. In an attempt
to counterbalance this trend, NGOs have developed to emphasize
humanitarian issues, developmental aid and sustainable development

4. TYPES OF NGO’s
 NGO types can be understood by their
orientation and level of operation.
 Development, Environmental & human right
s.
 Operational and campaigning/Advocacy
(world bank)

5. level of orientation
:
 Charitable orientation effort with little participation by the "beneficiaries". It includes
NGOs with activities directed toward meeting the needs of the poor.
 Service orientation includes NGOs with activities such as the provision of health, family
planning or education services in which the programme is designed by the NGO and
people are expected to participate in its implementation and in receiving the service.
 Participatory orientation is characterized by self-help projects where local people are
involved particularly in the implementation of a project by contributing cash, tools, land,
materials, labour etc.
 Empowering orientation aims to help poor people develop a clearer understanding of
the social, political and economic factors affecting their lives, and to strengthen their
awareness of their own potential power to control their lives. There is maximum
involvement of the beneficiaries with NGOs acting as facilitators.

6. level of operation
 Community-based organizations (CBOs) ,They can be
responsible for raising the consciousness of the urban poor,
helping them to understand their rights in accessing needed
services, and providing such services.
 City-wide organizations include organizations such as
chambers of commerce and industry, ethnic or educational
groups, and associations of community organizations.
 National NGOs include national organizations such as the Red
Cross, etc. Some have state and city branches and assist local
NGOs.
 International NGOs range from secular agencies such as Save
the Children organizations and Rockefeller Foundation to
religiously motivated groups. They can be responsible for
funding local NGOs, institutions and projects and implementing
projects

7. 1)DEVELOPMENT
Development NGOs are the most highly visible sector,
and includes both international and local
organizations, as well as those working in
humanitarian emergency sector. Many are associated
with international aid and voluntary donation, but
there are also NGOs that choose not to take funds from
donors and try to generate funding in other ways, such
as selling handicrafts or charging for services.e.g.

8. 2)ENVIRONMENTAL
These non-governmental
organizations are involved in
environmental management,
lobbying, advocacy, and/or
conservation efforts e.g.
MinhajWelfare Foundation

9. 3)HUMAN RIGHTS
 The Human Rights Organization Of Pakistan
(HROOP) is an independent, non-profit organization,
founded in 2009. HROOP believes human rights are
not being adequately protected, it will say so clearly
and strongly, and will actively seek change in the law,
policy or practice concerned
 Asian Human Rights Development Organization
It is credited to be the first human rights organization
registered with the federal government for nation wide
operations. The Organization is working in Pakistan
since 1999.

10. a) OPERATIONAL
Operational NGOs seek to "achieve small-scale change
directly through projects."They mobilize financial
resources, materials and volunteers to create localized
programs in the field. They hold large-scale
fundraising events, apply to governments and
organizations for grants and contracts in order to raise
money for project. Operational NGOs deal with a wide
range of , but are most often associated with the
delivery of services and welfare, emergency relief and
environmental issues.

11. b)CAMPAIGN/ADVOCACY
Campaigning NGOs seek to "achieve large-scale
change promoted indirectly through influence of the
political system.“It need an efficient and effective
group of professional members who are able to keep
supporters informed, and motivated. They must
maintain a large informed network of supporters who
can be mobilized for events to garner media attention
and influence policy changes through holding
demonstrations. These often deal with issues relating
to human rights, women's rights, children's rights. The
primary purpose of an Advocacy NGO is to defend or
promote a specific cause.

12. UN PROGRAMMES ,FUNDS AND specialized
agencies
The United Nation’s system is comprised
of the UN itself and more than 30
affiliated organizations known as
programs, funds, and specialized
agencies with their own membership,
leadership, and budget processes. These
groups work with and through the UN
to promote worldwide peace and
prosperity.

13. UN PROGRAMMES
& FUNDS
UN programs and funds ar e financed
through voluntary cont r ibut ions
rather than assessed cont r ibut ions

14. United Nations Development
Program (UNDP)
On the ground in 166 countries, UNDP is the UN’s
global development network, focusing on the
challenges of democratic governance, poverty
reduction, crisis prevention and recovery, energy
and environment, and HIV/AIDS. UNDP also
coordinates national and international efforts to
achieve the Millennium Development Goals aimed
at poverty reduction. Recently UNDP helped Liberia
prepare for national elections that put Africa’s first
woman president, Ellen Johnson-Sirleaf, in office. It
has helped Thailand build solar-power water
pumping stations. And it has helped earthquake
damaged regions of Pakistan with long-term
development planning. UNDP also publishes the
annual Human Development Report.

15. Office of the United Nations High
Commissioner for Refugees
(UNHCR)
Headquartered in
Geneva, Switzerland,
UNHCR protects
refugees worldwide and
facilitates their return
home or resettlement.
UNHCR is working on
the ground in over 116
countries, helping 20.8
million persons in areas
including Lebanon,
Darfur, southern Sudan,
Afghanistan, and Iraq.

16. United Nations Drug Control
Program (UNDCP)
UNDCP helps Member
States fight drugs,
crime, and terrorism.
Aside from providing
laboratory services,
this Program helps to
improve cross-border
cooperation.

17. World Food Program (WFP)
WFP, which aims to eradicate hunger and
malnutrition, is the world’s largest humanitarian
agency. Every year, the program feeds almost 100
million people in over 80 nations. WFP has delivered
aid to Darfur, to Pakistan in the aftermath of the
2005 earthquake, and to southern Asia following the
tsunami

18. United Nations Environment
Program (UNEP)
UNEP coordinates the
United Nations’
environmental
activities. It develops
international
environmental
conventions, assesses
global environmental
trends, encourages new
civil sector partnerships,
and strengthens
institutions so they
might better protect the
environment.

19. United Nations Children's Fund
(UNICEF)
UNICEF provides long-term
humanitarian and
development assistance
to children and mothers.
Recent UNICEF
initiatives have included
polio immunization for
5.5 million children in
Angola, helping girls
enroll and stay in school
in 34 African countries.

20. United Nations Population Fund
(UNFPA)
UNFPA works on the
ground in 140 nations
to “ensure that every
pregnancy is wanted,
every birth is safe,
every young person is
free of HIV/AIDS, and
every girl and woman
is treated with dignity
and respect

21. The creation of UN Women came about as
part of the UN reform agenda, bringing
together resources and mandates for
greater impact. It merges and builds on
the important work of four previously
distinct parts of the UN system, which
focused exclusively on gender equality
and women’s empowerment.

22. UN SPECIALIZED
AGENCIES
The United Nations’ specialized agencies are autonomous
organizations working with the United Nations and funded by both
voluntary and assessed contributions. These agencies includes:

23. World Bank
The World Bank focuses on
poverty reduction and the
improvement of living
standards worldwide by
providing low-interest
loans, interest-free credit,
and grants to developing
countries for education,
health, infrastructure, and
communications, among
other things. The World
Bank works in over 100
countries.

24. International Monetary Fund
(IMF)
The IMF fosters economic
growth and employment
by providing temporary
financial assistance to
countries to help ease
balance of payments
adjustment and
technical assistance. The
IMF currently has $28
billion in outstanding
loans to 74 nations

25. World Health Organization
(WHO)
WHO is responsible for global
vaccination campaigns,
responding to public health
emergencies, defending
against pandemic influenza,
and leading the way for
eradication campaigns against
life-threatening diseases like
polio and malaria. Last year
WHO eliminated avian flu in
Vietnam, removed two
countries from the list of
polio-endemic nations, and
provided humanitarian
assistance in Lebanon and
Darfur.

26. United Nations Educational,
Scientific and Cultural
Organization (UNESCO)
UNESCO focuses on
everything from teacher
training to helping
improve education
worldwide to protecting
important historical and
cultural sites around the
world. UNESCO added 28
new World Heritage Sites
this year to the list of
irreplaceable treasures
that will be protected for
today's travelers and future
generations.

27. International Labor Organization
(ILO)
ILO promotes
international labor rights
by formulating
international standards
on the freedom to
associate, collective
bargaining, the abolition
of forced labor, and
equality of opportunity
and treatment.

28. Food and Agriculture Organization
(FAO)
FAO leads international
efforts to fight hunger. It
is both a forum for
negotiating agreements
between developing and
developed countries and
a source of technical
knowledge and
information to aid
development.

29.  IMO has created a
comprehensive shipping
regulatory framework,
addressing safety and
environmental concerns,
legal matters, technical
cooperation, security,
and efficiency.

30. World Meteorological
Organization (WMO)
 WMO facilitates the free
international exchange
of meteorological data
and information and the
furtherance of its use in
aviation, shipping,
security, and agriculture,
among other things

31. World Intellectual Property
Organization (WIPO)
WIPO protects intellectual
property throughout the
world through 23
international treaties.

32. International Civilian Aviation
Organization (ICAO)
ICAO sets international
rules on air navigation,
the investigation of air
accidents, and aerial
border-crossing
procedures

33. THANK YOU