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Definition:
All forms of physical, emotional , sexual injury to a child or
failure to prevent such injury to a child (neglect).
Child Abuse
Types:
1-Physical
2-Emotional
3-Sexual
4-Neglect
Physical abuse or battered
child syndrome
Child Abuse
Emotional Abuse
Definition: intentional verbal or
behavioral acts that result in adverse
emotional consequences as
rejection, isolation, constant criticism … .
Physical indicators:
-speech disorders
-lags in physical development
behavioral indicators:
-conduct disorders
(withdrawal, destructiveness)
-behavioral extremes (aggressive or
passive)
Child Abuse
Child Abuse
Sexual abuse
Definition: inappropriate sexual exposure or touch by
an adult to a child or an older child to younger one.
Physical indicators:
-difficulty in walking or sitting
-torn, stained or bloody underclothing
-pain or itching in the genital area
-bruises or bleeding in rectal / genital area
Behavioral indicators:
-age- inappropriate sexual knowledge
-changes in the personality
-sleep disturbances
-drop in school performance
Examples:
fondling, indecent exposure, incest, actual
intercourse, child prostitution.
Child Abuse
Neglect
Definition:
-failure to provide sufficient food, clothing, shelter,
medical care, education to the child.
Physical indicator:
-constant hunger
-poor hygiene
-inappropriate clothing
Behavioral indicators:
-begging or stealing food
-frequent sleepiness.
Child Abuse
FGM: Bad combination
Child Abuse
Shaken baby syndrome (SBS)
Can be a fatal form of child abuse . Characterized by
intracranial hemorrhage ,retinal hemorrhage and loss of
consciousness due to vigorous shaking of the infant .
Facts about SBS:
-shaking is more likely to be done by a male, fathers
make up 76% of all shakers .
-If the shaker is female it’s more likely to be the
babysitter.
-About 70 % of the victims are killed , other 30 % live
with severe permanent injuries.
-One in four babies die as a result of SBS.
Child Abuse
Child Abuse
Never Never shake a baby
Child Abuse
Crying can’t kill a baby but shaking can
Three major components
of child abuse
Child
+
Care Giver
+
Stress
=
Child AbuseChild Abuse
Consequences of child abuse
 Death or disability in severe cases.
 Affective and behavior disorders.
 Developmental delay and learning difficulties.
 Failure to thrive and growth retardation.
 Predisposition to adult psychiatric disorders.
 An increased risk of the abused becoming an
abuser Abuse Cycle
Child Abuse
Battered child Syndrome
Child Abuse
Definition
Clinical condition characterized by repeated
intentional acts of trauma to a young child .
Deprivation of food and water is a variant of
this trauma . Also called child abuse syndrome
or non-accidental injury.
Spectrum of injury:
• Soft tissue injury.
•Thermal injury.
• Skeletal injury.
• Internal injuries (brain, abdomen, or eye).
Child Abuse
Diagnosis
1-Age of the child: Infants can be of any age, but
the majority are under 2 years. It’s more likely to be
male than female, unwanted or illegitimate child.
2-Social class: Any social class can be involved , but
the lower middle classes are the most at risk.
3-Clinical findings: more common in the skin and
the skeleton, Either:
- evidence of injury as old or recent bruises,
fractures, burns, scalds, bites, kicking, slapping..
-Or evidence of neglect i.e. the child may be
starved and dehydrated.
Child Abuse
Child Abuse
Bruises
Child Abuse
Burns
Child Abuse
slapping
Child Abuse
Others
Child Abuse
History
 There is often:
-A delay in bringing the child to the
hospital.
-A significant discrepancy between
the history given by parents and the
clinical findings.
- Unexplained malnutrition.
-Inconsistent or vague explanation.
Child Abuse
Example:
Child Abuse
A child with numerous
bruises on the body,
totalling 80 on the
face, neck, abdomen, back
and legs.
The male adult in the
house claimed that
“she had slipped
while being bathed”
At autopsy, there was a
massive
haemoperitoneurn arising
from multiple
ruptures of the mesentery.
Radiological evidence
The most frequent sites of skeletal injury are
-the extremities 77 %
-the skull 34 %
-the rib cage 19 %
Epiphyseal-metaphyseal fractures of long bones of
the arms and legs and the rib fractures exclusive for
the new born period are considered specific for the
child abuse.
Multiple repetitive fractures of other areas are only
suggestive of child abuse, but are not specific.
Child Abuse
Child Abuse
Causes of death
1-Head injuries: the most frequent cause of death
, commonly subdural and subarachnoid
hemorrhages.
2-Injuries of the abdomen:
-intestine: rupture
-mesentery: tears
-spleen: rupture
-liver: laceration
3-Burns or scalds: cause shock, dehydration and
Infection.
Child Abuse
Autopsy findings
1-Multiple bruises of various ages over the body
2-Cigarette burns on the body.
3-Multiple fractures by X-ray.
4-Injuries to the head, in the first year of life.
5-Abdominal injuries.
Child Abuse
Child Abuse

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child Abuse

  • 1.
  • 2. Definition: All forms of physical, emotional , sexual injury to a child or failure to prevent such injury to a child (neglect). Child Abuse Types: 1-Physical 2-Emotional 3-Sexual 4-Neglect
  • 3. Physical abuse or battered child syndrome Child Abuse
  • 4. Emotional Abuse Definition: intentional verbal or behavioral acts that result in adverse emotional consequences as rejection, isolation, constant criticism … . Physical indicators: -speech disorders -lags in physical development behavioral indicators: -conduct disorders (withdrawal, destructiveness) -behavioral extremes (aggressive or passive) Child Abuse
  • 6. Sexual abuse Definition: inappropriate sexual exposure or touch by an adult to a child or an older child to younger one. Physical indicators: -difficulty in walking or sitting -torn, stained or bloody underclothing -pain or itching in the genital area -bruises or bleeding in rectal / genital area Behavioral indicators: -age- inappropriate sexual knowledge -changes in the personality -sleep disturbances -drop in school performance Examples: fondling, indecent exposure, incest, actual intercourse, child prostitution. Child Abuse
  • 7. Neglect Definition: -failure to provide sufficient food, clothing, shelter, medical care, education to the child. Physical indicator: -constant hunger -poor hygiene -inappropriate clothing Behavioral indicators: -begging or stealing food -frequent sleepiness. Child Abuse
  • 9. Shaken baby syndrome (SBS) Can be a fatal form of child abuse . Characterized by intracranial hemorrhage ,retinal hemorrhage and loss of consciousness due to vigorous shaking of the infant . Facts about SBS: -shaking is more likely to be done by a male, fathers make up 76% of all shakers . -If the shaker is female it’s more likely to be the babysitter. -About 70 % of the victims are killed , other 30 % live with severe permanent injuries. -One in four babies die as a result of SBS. Child Abuse
  • 11. Never Never shake a baby Child Abuse Crying can’t kill a baby but shaking can
  • 12. Three major components of child abuse Child + Care Giver + Stress = Child AbuseChild Abuse
  • 13. Consequences of child abuse  Death or disability in severe cases.  Affective and behavior disorders.  Developmental delay and learning difficulties.  Failure to thrive and growth retardation.  Predisposition to adult psychiatric disorders.  An increased risk of the abused becoming an abuser Abuse Cycle Child Abuse
  • 15. Definition Clinical condition characterized by repeated intentional acts of trauma to a young child . Deprivation of food and water is a variant of this trauma . Also called child abuse syndrome or non-accidental injury. Spectrum of injury: • Soft tissue injury. •Thermal injury. • Skeletal injury. • Internal injuries (brain, abdomen, or eye). Child Abuse
  • 16. Diagnosis 1-Age of the child: Infants can be of any age, but the majority are under 2 years. It’s more likely to be male than female, unwanted or illegitimate child. 2-Social class: Any social class can be involved , but the lower middle classes are the most at risk. 3-Clinical findings: more common in the skin and the skeleton, Either: - evidence of injury as old or recent bruises, fractures, burns, scalds, bites, kicking, slapping.. -Or evidence of neglect i.e. the child may be starved and dehydrated. Child Abuse
  • 22. History  There is often: -A delay in bringing the child to the hospital. -A significant discrepancy between the history given by parents and the clinical findings. - Unexplained malnutrition. -Inconsistent or vague explanation. Child Abuse
  • 23. Example: Child Abuse A child with numerous bruises on the body, totalling 80 on the face, neck, abdomen, back and legs. The male adult in the house claimed that “she had slipped while being bathed” At autopsy, there was a massive haemoperitoneurn arising from multiple ruptures of the mesentery.
  • 24. Radiological evidence The most frequent sites of skeletal injury are -the extremities 77 % -the skull 34 % -the rib cage 19 % Epiphyseal-metaphyseal fractures of long bones of the arms and legs and the rib fractures exclusive for the new born period are considered specific for the child abuse. Multiple repetitive fractures of other areas are only suggestive of child abuse, but are not specific. Child Abuse
  • 26. Causes of death 1-Head injuries: the most frequent cause of death , commonly subdural and subarachnoid hemorrhages. 2-Injuries of the abdomen: -intestine: rupture -mesentery: tears -spleen: rupture -liver: laceration 3-Burns or scalds: cause shock, dehydration and Infection. Child Abuse
  • 27. Autopsy findings 1-Multiple bruises of various ages over the body 2-Cigarette burns on the body. 3-Multiple fractures by X-ray. 4-Injuries to the head, in the first year of life. 5-Abdominal injuries. Child Abuse