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MEASURING DATA
BITS AND BYTES
Understanding Data
 Data (the plural of datum) are anything in a
  form suitable for use with a computer.
  Whatever a computer receives as an input is
  data. Data are raw facts without any clear
  meaning. Computers process data and
  generate information.
 All data stored and processed by computers
  are in the form of whole numbers. The
  purpose of the numbers becomes clear after
  they are interpreted and displayed by
  software.
Part of the data stored in the computer for the file apple.bmp




                       The apple.bmp File
Decimal Number System
Binary Number System
Bits and Bytes
   We measure computer information (data)
    in bits and bytes. Bit is short for binary
    digit. It is the smallest unit of information
    that a computer can understand. One bit
    represents a 1 or 0 digit in a binary
    numeral or a true or false logical
    condition. A bit is represented physically
    by high or low voltage in a circuit or a
    small magnetized spot on a disk.
Bits and Bytes
Byte is short for binary term. A byte usually
contains eight bits. It can represent a single
character, such as a letter, a digit, or a
punctuation mark.
Because a byte represents only a small amount
of information, we usually measure amounts of
computer memory and storage in
 kilobytes (one kilobyte is 1024 bytes),
 megabytes (one megabyte is 1048576 bytes),
 gigabytes (one gigabyte is 1073741824 bytes).
Bits and Bytes
        In Bytes         In Bits             In Bits
                      (Power Notation)

                             3
   1 byte                 2 bits             8 bits

                            10
   1 kilobyte (KB)      2        bytes     1024 bytes
                            20
                        2        bytes   1024 kilobytes
   1 megabyte (MB)
                            30
                        2        bytes   1024 megabytes
   1 gigabyte (GB)
                            40
                        2        bytes   1024 gigabytes
   1 terabyte (TB)
                            50
                        2        bytes   1024 terabytes
   1 petabyte (PB)
                            60
                        2        bytes   1024 petabytes
   1 exabyte (EB)
                            70
                        2        bytes   1024 exabytes
   1 zettabyte (ZB)
                            80
                        2        bytes   1024 zettabytes
   1 yottabyte (YB)
Binary, Decimal and Hexadecimal
Numbers
week4-measuring data
 512 MB    = ……………...…....… GB
 64 b       = …………........……… B
 5120 GB   = ………....……...…… TB
 4096 PB   = …….....………...…… EB
 0.25 GB   = .......………………… MB
TAKING CARE OF THE
COMPUTER
Monitor Cleaning
Keyboard Cleaning
Mouse Cleaning
Case Cleaning
Keep Your PC Cool
 Buy Quality Hardware
 Get Power Protection
 Get an Anti-Virus Program
 Scan for Other Malware
 Run the Defragmenter Utility
 Clean Up Old Files
HEALTHY COMPUTER USE
Make Yourself Comfortable
   Put the computer directly in front of you when you work.
    Make sure you have enough space to operate the different
    parts of the computer (keyboard, mouse, etc.) easily.
   Set your chair height so that the keyboard is at (or slightly
    below) the level of your elbow.You should be able to
    type comfortably with your shoulders relaxed.
HEALTHY COMPUTER USE
Make Yourself Comfortable
 Set the back of your chair so that it supports the
  lower part of your spine.
 Sit straight so that your knees, hips, and elbows
  are
  at about 90 degree angles when you work. Do not
  lean forward or back too far.
HEALTHY COMPUTER USE
Take a Break
 Change your position often.
  If you use a computer for a
  long time, stand up and
  stretch your wrists, hands,
  and legs regularly.

   Take frequent short breaks
    (for example, two or three
    minutes every half hour)
    instead of one or two long
    breaks.
BUYING A COMPUTER
 Your Needs
 Windows vs. Mac
 Desktop vs. Laptop
 Hardware
 Software
 Service, Support and Warranty

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week4-measuring data

  • 2. Understanding Data  Data (the plural of datum) are anything in a form suitable for use with a computer. Whatever a computer receives as an input is data. Data are raw facts without any clear meaning. Computers process data and generate information.  All data stored and processed by computers are in the form of whole numbers. The purpose of the numbers becomes clear after they are interpreted and displayed by software.
  • 3. Part of the data stored in the computer for the file apple.bmp The apple.bmp File
  • 6. Bits and Bytes  We measure computer information (data) in bits and bytes. Bit is short for binary digit. It is the smallest unit of information that a computer can understand. One bit represents a 1 or 0 digit in a binary numeral or a true or false logical condition. A bit is represented physically by high or low voltage in a circuit or a small magnetized spot on a disk.
  • 7. Bits and Bytes Byte is short for binary term. A byte usually contains eight bits. It can represent a single character, such as a letter, a digit, or a punctuation mark. Because a byte represents only a small amount of information, we usually measure amounts of computer memory and storage in  kilobytes (one kilobyte is 1024 bytes),  megabytes (one megabyte is 1048576 bytes),  gigabytes (one gigabyte is 1073741824 bytes).
  • 8. Bits and Bytes In Bytes In Bits In Bits (Power Notation) 3 1 byte 2 bits 8 bits 10 1 kilobyte (KB) 2 bytes 1024 bytes 20 2 bytes 1024 kilobytes 1 megabyte (MB) 30 2 bytes 1024 megabytes 1 gigabyte (GB) 40 2 bytes 1024 gigabytes 1 terabyte (TB) 50 2 bytes 1024 terabytes 1 petabyte (PB) 60 2 bytes 1024 petabytes 1 exabyte (EB) 70 2 bytes 1024 exabytes 1 zettabyte (ZB) 80 2 bytes 1024 zettabytes 1 yottabyte (YB)
  • 9. Binary, Decimal and Hexadecimal Numbers
  • 11.  512 MB = ……………...…....… GB  64 b = …………........……… B  5120 GB = ………....……...…… TB  4096 PB = …….....………...…… EB  0.25 GB = .......………………… MB
  • 12. TAKING CARE OF THE COMPUTER
  • 17. Keep Your PC Cool  Buy Quality Hardware  Get Power Protection  Get an Anti-Virus Program  Scan for Other Malware  Run the Defragmenter Utility  Clean Up Old Files
  • 18. HEALTHY COMPUTER USE Make Yourself Comfortable  Put the computer directly in front of you when you work. Make sure you have enough space to operate the different parts of the computer (keyboard, mouse, etc.) easily.  Set your chair height so that the keyboard is at (or slightly below) the level of your elbow.You should be able to type comfortably with your shoulders relaxed.
  • 19. HEALTHY COMPUTER USE Make Yourself Comfortable  Set the back of your chair so that it supports the lower part of your spine.  Sit straight so that your knees, hips, and elbows are at about 90 degree angles when you work. Do not lean forward or back too far.
  • 20. HEALTHY COMPUTER USE Take a Break  Change your position often. If you use a computer for a long time, stand up and stretch your wrists, hands, and legs regularly.  Take frequent short breaks (for example, two or three minutes every half hour) instead of one or two long breaks.
  • 21. BUYING A COMPUTER  Your Needs  Windows vs. Mac  Desktop vs. Laptop  Hardware  Software  Service, Support and Warranty

Editor's Notes

  1. A clean computer runs faster and lasts longer.One of the most common causes of overheating is dust and dirt. So you needto keep your system clean, inside and out. This cleaning can be done with avacuum cleaner or a can of dust remover.
  2. Flat screen monitors,however, require a bit of special care when cleaning. Their displays are muchmore sensitive and are easily scratched and damaged.
  3. Use compressed air
  4. Get out the compressed air and shoot the canned air at everything in yourcomputer. Pay special attention to the heatsink and fan on top of yourprocessor. This area collects a lot of dust. A vacuum may help suck out thedust while you knock it loose with the compressed air. If you choose to usea vacuum, be careful not to vacuum anything in your computer.
  5. Malware, short for malicious software, is software used or created to disrupt computer operation, gather sensitive information, or gain access to private computer systems.Malware includes computer viruses, worms, trojan horses, spyware, adware, and other malicious programs