1. AIR POLLUTION AND ITS CONSEQUENCE
DR. VAIBHAV GUPTA
MPH 1styear Student
Dept. of community medicine
JSSMC
13/02/2013
MODERATOR: DR.N.C.ASHOK H.O.D.

2.  Introduction
 Composition
 Air impurities
 Self cleansing mechanisms
 Air pollution
 Sources
 Pollutants
 Monitoring
 Effects
 Prevention & control
 Disinfection
Plan of presentation

3. INTRODUCTION
 Air supplies the life-giving oxygen
 Human body cooled by air contact
 Hearing & smell stimuli transmitted
 Disease agents may be conveyed
 Pollution of air by dust, smoke, toxic gases &
chemical vapours

4. COMPOSITION
Air is a Mechanical mixture of gases.
 Nitrogen (78.1%)
 Oxygen (20.93%)
 Carbon dioxide (0.03%)
 Others gases : Argon
Neon
krypton
Helium

5. Air Impurities
Respiration: Of men and animals
Combustion: Of coal ,gas, oil, etc.
Decomposition: Of organic matter
Processes: Trade, traffic and manufacturing
processes given off dust , fumes, vapours, gases.

6. Self cleansing mechanisms
 Wind
 Sunlight
 Rain
 Plant life

7. AIR POLLUTION
Air pollution is the introduction of chemicals, particulate
matter, or biological materials that cause harm or
discomfort to humans or other living organisms, or cause
damage to the natural environment or built environment,
into the atmosphere.

8.  An increase in any of the constituents of the atmosphere
which is harmful to the living beings and their
environment, is known as air pollution .
According to W.H.O

9. Sources Of Air Pollution
 Automobiles: motor vehicles
 Industries:
 Domestic sources:
 Tobacco smoke
 Miscellaneous:- a)Pesticide
b)Radioactive fallout
c)Fertilizer dust
d)Mining activity
e)Mills and plants
 Natural sources : Wind
fungi
Borne dust
Bacteria

10. Air Pollutants
o Carbon monoxide
o Sulphur dioxide
o Lead
o Carbon dioxide
o Hydrocarbons
o Cadmium
o Hydrogen sulphide
o Ozone
o Polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH)
o Particulate matter

11. Major Pollutants
1. Carbon Monoxide
2. Sulfur Dioxide
3. Nitrogen Dioxide
4. Particulate Matter
5. Ground Level Ozone

12. • colorless, odorless
• produced when carbon does not burn in fossil fuels
• present in car exhaust
• deprives body of O2 causing headaches, fatigue, and
impaired vision
Carbon Monoxide

13. Sulfur Dioxide
• produced when coal and fuel oil are burned
• present in power plant exhaust
• narrows the airway, causing wheezing and shortness of
breath, especially in those with asthma

14. Nitrogen Dioxide
• reddish, brown gas
• produced when nitric oxide combines with oxygen in
the atmosphere
• present in car exhaust and power plants
• affects lungs and causes wheezing; increases chance
of respiratory infection

15. Particular Matter
 particles of different sizes and structures that are
released into the atmosphere
 present in many sources including fossil fuels, dust,
smoke, fog, etc.
 can build up in respiratory system
 aggravates heart and lung disease; increases risk of
respiratory infection

16. Ground Level Ozone
 at upper level, ozone shields Earth from sun’s harmful
UV rays
 at ground level, ozone is harmful pollutants
 formed from car, power and chemical plant exhaust
 irritate respiratory system and asthma; reduces lung
function by inflaming and damaging lining of lungs

17. SMOG
• Combination of gases with water vapor and dust
• Combination of words smoke and fog.
• Forms when heat and sunlight react gases
(photochemical smog)
• Occurs often with heavy traffic, high
temperatures, and calm winds

18. ITS EFFECTS
• 1st smog related deaths were in London in 1873; death toll 500
people; can you imagine how much worse the atmosphere is
now?!
• Limits visibility
• Decreases UV radiation
• Yellow/black color over cities
• Causes respiratory problems and bronchial related deaths

19. Monitoring Of Air Pollution
INDICATORS:-
A. Sulphur dioxide - concentration in air
B. Smoke or soiling index
C. Grit & dust measurement
D. Coefficient of haze- amount of smoke or aerosol in air
E. Air pollution index- arbitrary index takes into account
one or more pollutants .

20. Monitoring Of Air Pollution in India
 National air quality monitoring programme, sponsored by
Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB) since 1990 has
generated data base in major Indian cities.
 The trend shows Suspended particulate matter exceeds
CPCB standards in all cities most of the time through out
the year.

21. Effects Of Air Pollution
 Health aspects
 Social & economic aspects
 Other effects

22. Health aspects
Immediate effects Delayed effects
Respiratory system Chronic bronchitis
Acute bronchitis Lung cancer
Suffocation Emphysema
Bronchial asthma
Respiratory allergies

23. Social & Economic aspects
 Destruction of plant & animal life, corrosion of
metals, damage to buildings, cost of cleaning &
maintenance, repairs. Reduces visibility in towns. It
can soil & damage clothing's.

24. Other Effects of air pollution:
 Greenhouse effect
 Acid rain
 Increased UV radiation
 Global warming

25. Green house effect
 Green houses gases; such as water vapor, carbon
dioxide, methan etc. Move in and out of the
atmosphere. They trap some of heat radiated out from
the earth that would normally move out into space. It
is natural and is caused by the earths carbon and water
cycles & the heat from the sun.

26. Rain consisting of water droplet that are unusually acidic
because of atmospheric pollution – most notably the
excessive amounts of sulphur & nitrogen released by
cars & industrial processes.
Acid rain

27. Global warming
 The increase of earths average surface temperature
due to effect of green house gases , such as carbon
dioxide emission form burning fossil flues or from
deforestation which trap that would other wise escape
from earth.

28. Indoor air pollution
Sources of indoor air pollutants
Pollutant Sources
Respirable particles Tobacco smoke, stove,
aerosol spray.
Carbon monoxide Combustion equipment, gas
heaters.
Nitrogen dioxide Gas cookers, cigarettes
Sulphur dioxide Coal combustion
Carbon dioxide Combustion, respiration
Formaldehyde Particle board, carpet
adhesives, insulation
Others organic
vapours(benzene ,toluene)
Solvents, adhesives, aerosol
sprays
Ozone Electric arcing, UV light
sources

29. Prevention & Control of Air Pollution
 Containment:
1.Dust collection system
2.Scrubber system
 Replacement
 International action
 Dilution
 Legislation

30. So, what can u do?
• Ride your bike
• Tell your friends and family about pollution
• Make sure your parents get pollution checks on their cars
• Ride the school bus

31. Contd………
Learn more; stay up to date
Join a group to stop pollution
Encourage your parents to carpool to work
Switch off lights, fan, heat, etc. when you
leave the room

32. Disinfection of air
 Mechanical Ventilation
 Ultraviolet Radiation
 Chemical Mists
 Dust Control

33. THANK YOU