More Related Content Similar to The Circulatory System Similar to The Circulatory System (20) The Circulatory System2. The Circulatory System is responsible
for transporting materials throughout
the entire body.
It transports nutrients, water, and
oxygen to your billions of body cells
and carries away wastes such as
carbon dioxide that body cells
produce.
It is an amazing highway that travels
through your entire body connecting
all your body cells.
© iTutor. 2000-2013. All Rights Reserved
4. Which gases are transported to and from the body’s
cells by the blood flowing in the circulatory system?
carbon
dioxide
oxygen
Oxygen is the gas needed for respiration and is
transported to the body’s cells.
© iTutor. 2000-2013. All Rights Reserved
5. The circulatory system carries two types of blood
Arrangement of the circulatory system means that these
two types of blood do not mix.
Oxygen-rich
blood
c
Oxygen-poor
blood
Blood travelling
to the body cells
High oxygen content
Low carbon dioxide content
Blood travelling
away from the body cells
Low oxygen content
High carbon dioxide content
© iTutor. 2000-2013. All Rights Reserved
6. The heart is the organ at the centre of the circulatory
system. It pumps blood around the body.
© iTutor. 2000-2013. All Rights Reserved
7. The inside of the heart is divided into two sections so
that the two types of blood (oxygen-rich and oxygen-
poor) are kept apart
Oxygen-poor
blood
Right side
of the heart
Oxygen-rich
blood
Left side
of the heart
© iTutor. 2000-2013. All Rights Reserved
8. Heart coverings
Pericardium
Covers the heart and large blood vessels attached to
the heart
Visceral pericardium
Innermost layer
Directly on the heart
Parietal pericardium
Layer on top of the visceral pericardium
9. Pericardium
Protective sac of
connective tissue
Surrounds the heart
Filled with fluid
© iTutor. 2000-2013. All Rights Reserved
10. Heart walls:
Epicardium
Outermost layer
Fat to cushion heart
Myocardium
Middle layer
Primarily cardiac muscle
Endocardium
Innermost layer
Thin and smooth
Stretches as the heart pumps
© iTutor. 2000-2013. All Rights Reserved
11. Myocardium
The muscle of the heart
Strong and thick
Composed of spontaneously
contracting cardiac muscle
fibers
Can conduct electricity like
nerves.
It’s blood supply comes
from the coronary arteries.
© iTutor. 2000-2013. All Rights Reserved
12. The right and left sides of the heart are separated by a
septum, or wall.
The septum prevents the mixing of oxygen rich and
oxygen poor blood.
On each side of the septum are two chambers.
The upper chamber (receives blood) is the atrium.
The lower chamber (pumps blood out of heart) is the
ventricle.
© iTutor. 2000-2013. All Rights Reserved
13. Four chambers
Two Atria
Upper chambers
Left and right
Separated by interatrial
septum
Two Ventricles
Lower chambers
Left and right
Separated by interventricular
septum
© iTutor. 2000-2013. All Rights Reserved
Right Ventricle
Right Atrium
Left Ventricle
Left Atrium
14. The chambers of the heart have different functions:
blood to
the body
blood from
the body
blood to
the lungs
blood from
the lungs
The Atria
collect blood
that enters the
heart.
The ventricles
pump blood
out of the
heart.
© iTutor. 2000-2013. All Rights Reserved
15. The valves between the atria and ventricles are connected
to the inner walls of the heart by tough tendons.
valve open© iTutor. 2000-2013. All Rights Reserved
16. The tendons allow the valves to close and hold the valve
flaps in place. They prevent the valves from flipping up
and turning inside out
valve open valve closed
© iTutor. 2000-2013. All Rights Reserved
17. A valve acts like a door that only opens in one direction.
If the door is held by someone at a fixed point, only the arm
moves as the door opens and closes.
When the door is closed the arm is fully extended, so the
door can only be opened in one direction.
© iTutor. 2000-2013. All Rights Reserved
18. A valve acts like a door that only opens in one direction.
In the heart, the tendons holding the valve are like the
arm holding the door.
One end of each tendon is fixed to the wall of the heart
and so the valve can only open in one direction.
© iTutor. 2000-2013. All Rights Reserved
19. The heart can pump blood because it is made of muscle.
Muscle tissue works by contracting (squeezing) and
relaxing.
© iTutor. 2000-2013. All Rights Reserved
20. All the parts of the heart on
either side, work together in a
repeated sequence.
The two atria contract and
relax; then the two ventricles
contract and relax.
This is how blood moves
through the heart and is
pumped to the lungs and the
body.
One complete sequence of
contraction and relaxation is
called a heartbeat.
© iTutor. 2000-2013. All Rights Reserved
21. As blood moves through the
circulatory system it moves
through 3 types of blood
vessels:
Arteries: Carry blood away
from the heart .
Capillaries: Link arterioles to
veins.
Veins: Carry blood towards
the heart
© iTutor. 2000-2013. All Rights Reserved
22. Arteries
Large vessels
Carry blood from heart to tissues of body.
Carry oxygen rich blood, with the exception of pulmonary
arteries.
Thick walls-need to withstand pressure produced when heart
pushes blood into them.
© iTutor. 2000-2013. All Rights Reserved
Smallest blood vessels
Walls are only one cell thick and very narrow.
Important for bringing nutrients and oxygen to tissues
and absorbing CO2 and other waste products.
Capillaries
23. Once blood has passed through the capillary systems it
must be returned to the heart. Done by veins
Walls contains connective tissue and smooth muscle.
Largest veins contain one way valves that keep blood
flowing toward heart.
Many found near skeletal muscles. When muscles
contract, blood is forced through veins.
© iTutor. 2000-2013. All Rights Reserved
25. The heart produces pressure
The force of blood on the wall of the arteries is
known as blood pressure.
Blood pressure decreases as the heart relaxes,
but the rest of the circulatory system is still
under pressure.
© iTutor. 2000-2013. All Rights Reserved
26. When blood pressure is taken, the cuff is wrapped
around the upper portion of the arm and pumped with
air until blood flow in the artery is blocked.
As the pressure in the cuff is relaxed, 2 numbers are
recorded.
Systolic pressure- the first number taken, is the force felt in the
arteries when the ventricles contract.
Diastolic pressure- the second number taken, is the force of the
blood on the arteries when the ventricles relax.
© iTutor. 2000-2013. All Rights Reserved
27. Blood
What percent of your body is blood?
How much blood do we contain?
On average 4-6 liters
We contain about a pint of
blood for every 15 pounds
of body weight
Composition of Blood:
What percent of your blood is
cellular?
What percent of your blood is
plasma?
8%
45%
55%
© iTutor. 2000-2013. All Rights Reserved
28. Blood
Composed of plasma and blood cells
Types of Cells are:
Red Blood Cells
White Blood Cells
Platelets
© iTutor. 2000-2013. All Rights Reserved
Plasma
Straw colored
90% water
10% dissolved gases, salts, nutrients, enzymes,
hormones, wastes, and proteins.
29. Blood
Plasma proteins
3 Types: Albumins, globulins and fibrinogen.
Albumins and Globulins- transport substances such as fatty
acids, hormones and vitamins.
Fibrinogen- Responsible for blood’s ability to clot
© iTutor. 2000-2013. All Rights Reserved
Red Blood Cells
Most numerous type
Transport oxygen
Get color from hemoglobin
Disk shaped
Made in red bone marrow
Circulate for 120 days
30. White Blood Cells
Guard against infection, fight parasites, and attack bacteria
Number of WBC’s increases when body is fighting
Lymphocytes produce antibodies which fight pathogens
and remember them
Blood
© iTutor. 2000-2013. All Rights Reserved
Platelets
Aid the body in clotting
Small fragments
Stick to edges of broken blood cell and secrete clotting
factor to help form clot.
31. Blood
Blood has 3 main
Functions
Transport
Protection
Temperature
Regulation
© iTutor. 2000-2013. All Rights Reserved
Plasma
Red Blood
Cells
Platelets
White Blood
Cells
32. Call us for more
information:
www.iTutor.com
1-855-694-8886
Visit