1. What is Urbanization
Urbanization is the physical
growth of rural or natural land
into urban areas as a result of
population immigration to an
existing urban area.
2. The Causes of Urban Growth
Push Factors
Lack of educational facilities
Lack of job opportunities
Lack of health facilities
Lack of Sui gas, electricity and sewerage
system
Land lord system
Unequality
Low living standard
Old traditions
3. Pull Factors
Better and higher educational facilities
Better and more of job opportunities
Better health facilities
Availability of Sui gas, electricity and sewerage system
Better living standard
5. large shifts of population from rural areas to
towns and cities in response to the creation of
an urban economy.
As the urban percentage reaches above 60, the
curve begins to flatten, approaching a ceiling of
around 80 percent.
This is the level at which rural and urban
populations appear to reach a functional
equilibrium.
7. Urban structure
It is the arrangement of land use in
urban areas.
Sociologists,economists, and
geographers have developed several
models.
explaining where different types of
people and businesses tend to exist
within the urban setting.
8. The Burgess Model
The theory, proposed by E. W. Burgess
(1926), that urban land use may be
classified as a series of concentric
zones.
In which he describes different
concentric
zones which is located in this model.
9.
10. The (Homer) Hoyt Model
The sector model also known as the Hoyt model is a
model of urban land use proposed in 1939 by
economist Homer Hoyt.
While accepting the existence of a central business
district, Hoyt suggested that zones expand outward
from the city center along railroads, highways, and
other transportation arteries.
12. The Multiple Nuclei Model
Harris and Ullman (1945) argue that
land use patterns do not grow from a
single central point in a city but from
multiple points or nuclei.
Some of these points existed before the
city began to row, while others develop
as the city grows.
13. Zone of this Model
They suggested about multiple Nuclei Model that
zones develop around a number of separate nuclei
such as railway stations and industrial complexes.
Chauncy Harris and Edward Ullman have combined
the concentric zone and sector theories in multiple
Nuclei model and added some other ingredients in
explaining the pattern of land uses.
14. Other zones of multiple nuclei model
Residential condition
Low class, middle class, high class.
Industry – No one(small scale)
Industrial park – No one.
Open places present
Commuter belt, mix up within city
No zone of transition.
15. Nucleus or CBD
The term nucleus refers to any attracting
elements around which growth of residential,
business, industrial or other takes place.
One nucleus within walled city which is
traditional bazaar.
Another Nucleus is cant bazaar in cant area
serving surrounding areas.
16. In spite all of theses CBD’s,
There are factories and mills like cotton, sugar and
floor mills which are also part of the Multiple Nuclei
model.
Multiple Nuclei also means many centers which
serves its surrounding settlement.
These nuclei could be of many kinds like hospital,
Educational centers and business centers or any kind
of shop.
