A presentation given by Chambi Chachage, Lecturer at Princeton University, sharing an outline of key moments in Tanzania’s development together with an assessment of the current situation. Recording of talk is here https://youtu.be/2KEW0DoycxM

1. Tanzania’s Development Trajectory
Lecturer, Princeton University 20 January 2021
A Long Durée Perspective
Chambi Chachage

2. Epochs
 - First Global Economy
- Second Global Economy
 - Pre-colonial
- Colonial
- Postcolonial
 - Socialist/Ujamaa
- Postsocialist/Post-Ujamaa
1860s-1880s 1890s-1961 1961-2021+
1967-1991
1991-2021+
1840s-1920s 1970s-2021+

3. Watersheds
1884-1885: Berlin Conference
1914-1918: First World War
1930s: The Great Depression
1939-1945: Second World War
1961: Tanganyika’s Independence from Britain
1964: Union of Tanganyika & Zanzibar to form Tanzania
1967: Arusha Declaration on Socialism & Self-Reliance
1971: Mwongozo [Guidelines]
1973-1974: First Oil Crisis
1978-1979: Tanzania’s War with Uganda’s Idi Amin
1979-1980: Second Oil Crisis
1982/1983-1984/1985: Structural Adjustment Programs
1991: ‘Zanzibar Declaration’
.

4. Laws
1931: Credit to Natives (Restriction) Ordinance
1940: Colonial Development and Welfare Act
1963: Foreign Investment (Protection) Act
1967: - State Trading Corporation (Establishment and Vesting of Interests) Act
- The National Agricultural Products Board (Vesting of Interests) Act
1971: Acquisitions of Buildings Act
1983: Economic Sabotage (Special Provisions) Act
1990: National Investment (Promotion and Protection) Act
1991: Bank and Financial Institutions Act
1992: Public Corporations Act
1998: The Mining Act
1999: The Land Acts

5. Institutions
1940: The Local Development Fund (LDLF)
1965: National Development Corporation (NDC)
1973: Small Industries Development Organization (SIDO)
1988: Tanzanian Chamber of Commerce Industry & Agriculture (TCCIA)
1991: Confederation of Tanzania Industries (CTI)
1992: Parastatal Sector Reform Commission (PSRC)
1995: Tanzania Revenue Authority (TRA)
1996: Dar es Salaam Stock Exchange (DSE)
1997: Tanzania Investment Centre (TIC)
1998: Tanzania Private Sector Foundation (TPSF)
1999: Business Registrations and Licensing Agency (BRELA)
2001: Tanzania National Business Council (TNBC)
2004: National Economic Empowerment Council (NEEC)

6. Phases
Source for Data on
Poverty Status:
National Bureau of
Statistics (NBS) 👇🏿

10. Source: Marc Wuyts and Blandina Kilama (2014) on The Changing Economy of Tanzania:
Patterns of Accumulation and Structural Change.

12. Source: https://twitter.com/drmwarsame/status/1345258970932518912?s=20

13. Cases
Source for Data on
WASH: National Bureau
of Statistics’ (NBS) 👇🏿

18. Source for Data on
Health and Education:
National Bureau of
Statistics’ (NBS) 👇🏿

28. Structures
Evolving Structure of the Postsocialist Tanzania’s Economy
Reference: SID (2013: 71). The State of East Africa 2013. Nairobi, Kenya: SID

30. Consistencies and Contradictions: President
Magufuli mentioned, entreatingly and in relation
to development, the Private Sector (Sekta Binafsi)
10 times in his Speech to Inaugurate the 12th
Parliament of Tanzania on 13 November 2020.

33. Dialectics
Mwalimu Nyerere : “I have said that a millionaire can
be a good socialist. But a socialist millionaire is a rare
phenomenon. Indeed, he is almost a contradiction in
terms. The appearance of millionaires in any society is
no proof of its affluence; they can be produced by very
poor countries like Tanganyika just as well as by rich
countries like the United States of America. For it is
not efficiency of production, or the amount of wealth
in a country, which makes millionaires; it is the uneven
distribution of what is produced. The basic difference
between a socialist society and a capitalist society does
not lie in their methods of producing wealth, but in the
way that wealth is distributed. While, therefore, a
millionaire could be a good socialist, he could hardly be
the product of a socialist society.” (©1962)
The Citizen, March 9, 2020

35. Prospects
Dual Paradoxes:
Socialist Tanzania:
- Capital(ism) from Above?
- Capitalism without Capitalists?
Postsocialist Tanzania:
- Capital(ism) from Below?
- Socialism without Socialists?