This document provides an overview of India, including: - India's official name is the Republic of India or Bharat Ganrajya. Its capital is New Delhi and largest city is Mumbai. - It has over 20 official languages and a federal parliamentary constitutional republic government. - India has significant geographic, cultural, and biological diversity due to its location in Southern Asia spanning the Indian subcontinent. - India has a long and rich history as the site of ancient civilizations and was later occupied by British colonial rule before gaining independence in 1947.

2. (Bharat Ganrajya)

3.  Basic
Information
 Etymology
 Geography
 Biodiversity
 Government
 Economy
 History
 Culture

5. Motto: "Satyameva Jayate" (Sanskrit)
"Truth Alone Triumphs"
Anthem: Jana Gana Mana
"Thou Art the Ruler of the Minds of All People"
National song: Vande Mataram
"I Bow to Thee, Mother"
Capital: New Delhi
Largest city: Mumbai (population/area)

6. Official languages: Hindi, English
Recognized regional languages:
Assamese, Bengali, Bodo, Dogri, G
ujarati, Hindi, Kannada, Kashmiri,
Konkani, Maithili, Malayalam, Man
ipuri, Marathi, Nepali, Oriya, Punja
bi, Sanskrit, Santali, Sindhi, Tamil,
Telugu, Urdu
Government: Federal parliamentary
constitutional republic

7. Legislature: Parliament of India
- Upper house: Rajya Sabha
- Lower house: Lok Sabha
Independence from the United
Kingdom
- Dominion: 15 August 1947
- Republic: 26 January 1950

8. Flag of India

9. Official
Emblem

10. Area
controlled by
India shown
in dark
green. The
claimed but
uncontrolled
regions
shown in
light green.

12. Indus,
originates from the Old
Persian word Hinduš
Sindhu (Sanskrit word), historical
local appellation for the Indus
River
Indoi, term ancient Greeks used
to refer to the Indians; translates
as "the people of the Indus"

13. Bharat
(geographical
term),
recognized
by
the Constitution of India as official
name for the country; is used
by many Indian languages in its
variations
Hindustan,
originally a Persian
word; means "Land of the Hindus"

15.  North
◦ China
◦ Nepal
◦ Bhutan
 East
◦ Bangladesh
◦ Myanmar
◦ Bay of Bengal
 South
◦ Palk Strait
◦ Gulf of Mannār
◦ Indian Ocean
 West
◦ Arabian Sea
◦ Pakistan

17.  comprises
the bulk of the
Indian subcontinent
 lies atop the minor Indian
tectonic plate
 India's coastline measures
7,517
kilometers
(4,700 mi) in length

18.  the
Ganges
 the
Brahmaputra
◦the Yamuna
◦the Kosi

19. The Ganges in Varanasi

20. A view across the Brahmaputra near
Sukleswar Ghat, Guwahati, Assam, India

21.  the
Godavari
 the Mahandi
 the Kaveri
 the Krishna
 the
Narmada
 the Tapti

22. The Mouth of
the Godavari
river emptying
into the Bay of
Bengal.

23. The
Mahandi

24. The river Kaveri in
Kodagu, Karnataka

25. Krishna River Gorge

26. The Narmada river bank near
Jabalpur

27. Tapti river at Haripura in
Surat district

28.  marshy
Rann of Kutch of
Western India
 the alluvial Sundarbans
delta of Eastern India

29. Rann of Kutch

30. Sundarbans

31.  the
Lakshadweep
 the Andaman and Nicobar
Islands

32. Aerial view of the Agatti Airport in
Lakshadweep

33. Aerial view of Andaman Islands

34. strongly
influenced by:
◦Himalayas
◦Thar Desert

35. Karakoram Range in the Himalayas
It lies within the Himalayan mountain
system, which forms part of India’s northern
border.

36. Thar Desert
As seen in Rajasthan, India

37.  tropical
wet
 tropical dry
 subtropical humid
 montane

39.  contains
three
biodiversity
hotspots
 one
of
17
megadiverse
countries
 hosts
8.6%
of
all
mammalian, 13.7% of all
avian, 7.9% of all reptilian, 6%
of all amphibian, 12.2% of all
piscine, and 6.0% of all
flowering plant species

40.  habitat
ranges
from
the
tropical
rainforest
to
coniferous forest
 also include moist deciduous
sal forests, dry deciduous teak
forests and babul-dominated
thorn forest
 contains 172 IUCN-designated
threatened species

41. Asiatic Lion
The Gīr National Park and Wildlife Sanctuary in
Gujarāt, India, is the only remaining habitat of
the Asiatic lion, a species that was nearly
extinct in the early 1900s.

42. Bengal tiger
A Bengal tiger at Bandhavgarh
National Park

43. Indian white-rumped vulture
Nearly went extinct by ingesting the
carrion of diclofenac-laced cattle

44.  human
encroachment of recent
decades has critically endangered
wildlife
 1972-India enacted the Wildlife
Protection Act and Project Tiger to
safeguard crucial wilderness
 1980-Forest Conservation Act was
enacted
 1988-amendments added in Forest
Conservation Act

46.  federation
with a parliamentary
system governed under the
Constitution of India
 a constitutional republic and
representative democracy
 federalism
defines
power
distribution

47.  federal
government comprises
three branches:
◦ Executive
 President-head of state
 Prime
Minister-head
of
government
 consists of the president, the
vice-president, and the Council
of Ministers headed by the
prime minister

48. Pranab
Mukherjee
Current President of
India

49. Manmohan
Singh
Current Prime
Minister of
India

50. The Rashtrapati Bhavan is the official residence
of the president of India.

51. ◦ Legislative
 bicameral parliament
 operates under a Westminsterstyle parliamentary system
 comprises of:
 the upper house called the Rajya
Sabha ("Council of States") with
245 members
 the lower called the Lok Sabha
("House of the People")with 545
members

52. ◦ Judicial
 has
a
unitary
three-tier
independent judiciary
 comprises
of
the
Supreme
Court, headed by the Chief
Justice, 24 High Courts, and a
large number of trial courts

54.  2500
B.C.
 The
Indus Valley civilization
developed around the valley of
the Indus River (now in Pakistan).
 2000
B.C.
 The
Indus
collapsed.
Valley
civilization

55.  Around
1500 B.C.
 The Aryan people invaded India
from the north.
 326
B.C.
 Alexander the Great of Macedon
(northeastern Greece) crossed the
Indus River into India.

56.  A.D.
50
 Trade flourished between India
and the Roman Empire.
 320-550
 India
was ruled by the Gupta
Empire.

57.  1526
 The
rule of the Mogul Empire
began.
 1600s
 Holland,
Great Britain and France
established key trading posts in
India.

58.  1638
 Mogul
Emperor Shah Jahan began
the construction of the Taj Mahal
in memory of his wife Mumtaz.
 1858
 The
British had overthrown the
Moguls and took control of India.

59.  1915
 Mohandas
Gandhi launched a
campaign of nonviolent resistance
against the British rule in India.
 1947
 India
gained its independence
from the British and was divided
into two countries, India and
Muslim-controlled Pakistan.

60.  1948
 Mahatma
Gandhi was assassinated.
 1966
 Indira
Gandhi (not related to
Mahatma)
became
the
Prime
Minister and one of the first women
elected to lead a nation.

61.  1983
 India
won the cricket world cup.
 1998
 India
tested its first nuclear
weapon, one of only seven
nations to have done so.

62.  2000
 India's
billion.
population exceeded one
 2004–2005
A
series
of
natural
disasters,
including
floods,
earthquakes
and
tsunamis, brought destruction to
southern coastal communities.

63.  2007
 Pratibha
Patil became the first
female President of India.

65.  Art
and
Architecture
 Literature
 Performing
Arts
 Motion Pictures
 Society
 Religion
 Clothing
 Cuisine

66.  Much
of Indian architecture
blends ancient local traditions
with imported styles.

67. Akshardham Temple in Delhi
It was completed in 2005 and one of the
largest Hindu temples in the world.

68. Chowmahalla Palace in
Hyderabad

69. The famous jaali from the 16th-century Sidi
Saiyyed mosque built by Ahmed Shah of
Gujarat, in Ahmedabad

70. The Jagannath Temple
One of the four holiest places (Char
Dhams) of Hinduism, in Puri, Odisha.

71. The North Block in New Delhi
This houses key government
offices, built along with Lutyens' Delhi.

72. The Taj Mahal in Agra
One of the world's most famous structures
which Shah Jahan built as a memorial to his
wife.

73. The earliest literary writings in
India, composed between 1400 BCE
and 1200 CE, were in the Sanskrit
language.
 Prominent works of this Sanskrit
literature
include
epics
as
the
Mahābhārata
and
the Ramayana, the dramas of
Kālidāsa
such
as
the
Abhijñānaśākuntalam
(The
Recognition of Śakuntalā)


74. Mahabharata
A 16th-century manuscript of the Mahabharata
portrays a chariot fight between two related noble
families, the Kauravas and the Pandavas.

75. Radha and Krishna in the Grove
In this painting, Radha and Krishna have met in
a grove. The painting, (1780), is in the Victoria
and Albert Museum in London, England.

76. Ramayana
Rama seated with Sita, fanned by
Lakshmana, while Hanuman pays his
respects.

77. Rama and Sita
Rama is shown here with his wife, Sita, in a
bas-relief sculpture from a 9th-century Hindu
temple in Java, Indonesia.

78. The
Recognition
of Śakuntalā
Shakuntala writes
to Dushyanta

79.  Kamasutra,
the famous book
about sexual intercourse also
originated in India.

80.  19th
century-Indian writers took a
new interest in social questions
and psychological descriptions.
 20th century-Indian literature was
influenced by the works of Bengali
poet and novelist Rabindranath
Tagore

81. Rabindranath Tagore with Albert Einstein

82.  Indian
music ranges over various
traditions and regional styles
 Classical music encompasses two
genres and their various folk
offshoots:
◦ northern Hindustani
◦ southern Carnatic schools
 Indian
dance also features diverse
folk and classical forms

83.  Theatre
in
India
melds
music, dance, and improvised or
written dialogue
 Indian dance also features diverse
folk and classical forms
 Theatre
in
India
melds
music, dance, and improvised or
written dialogue

84. A Kuchipudi
dance
performance is
accompanied
by Carnatic
vocalizations.

87.  The
Indian film industry produces
the world's most-watched cinema.

88. My Name
is Khan

89. 3
Idiots

90.  Traditional
Indian society is defined
by social hierarchy.
 Indian
caste system embodies
much of the social stratification
and many of the social restrictions
found in the Indian subcontinent.

91.  pervasive
in India
 encompasses non-Hindus as well
 A caste (jati in Sanskrit) is a social
class to which a person belongs at
birth and which is ranked against
other castes, typically on a
continuum of perceived purity and
pollution.

92.  In
order of hierarchy
◦ Brahmins (priests and scholars)
◦ Kshatriyas (warriors and rulers)
◦ Vaisyas (merchants, farmers, and
traders)
◦ Sudras
(laborers,
including
artisans, servants, and serfs).
◦ Untouchables or Harijans (“People of
God,” a term first used by Indian
leader Mohandas Gandhi).

93. Indian
Caste
System

94. Child
marriages
are
common, especially in rural areas
 many women in India wed before
reaching 18
 Almost all Hindu marriages in India
are arranged
 almost all arranged marriages occur
between people of the same caste
 only a handful of young people make
“love
marriages”
across
caste
lines, and many suffer socially when
they do so


96.  Diwali
 Holi
 Ganesh
 Durga
Chathurti
 Thai Pongal
 Makar Sankranti
or Uttarayan
Puja
 Christmas
 Vaisakhi

97.  popularly
known as the "festival of
lights"
 a five-day Hindu festival
 involves the lighting of small clay
lamps filled with oil to signify the
triumph of good over evil
 In the Gregorian calendar, Diwali
falls between mid-October and
mid-November

98. Arrangement of diyas on Diwali
night.

99.  Hindu
festival celebrated on the
birthday
(rebirth)
of
Lord
Ganesha, the son of Shiva and
Parvati
 also
known
as
Ganeshutsav
(festival of Ganesh)
 lasts for 10 days
 the date usually falls between 19
August and 20 September

100. A Ganesh Procession in
Mumbai, India prior to immersion.

101. Ganesh Visarjan in Mumbai

102. a harvest festival celebrated in South
India at the end of the harvest season
 marks the beginning of the northward
journey of the Sun from its
southernmost-limit
 coincides with the festival Makara
Sankranthi
 usually held from January 13–16 in
the Gregorian calendar


103. Kolam decorations in front of
house during Thai Pongal

104. Pongal being cooked in a city
home.

105.  one
of the most auspicious occasions for
the Hindus
 a harvest festival
 perhaps the only Indian festival whose
date always falls on the same day every
year:
14
January,
with
some
exceptions,
when
the
festival
is
celebrated on 13 January or 15 January
 also believed to mark the arrival of
spring in India

106. Colourful
kites being
sold in a
Shop
in Lucknow

107. a spring festival celebrated as a
festival of colors
 as per the Hindu calendar, Holi is
celebrated
on
the
Phalguna
Purnima
(Full
Moon), which comes in February or
March in the Gregorian Calendar


108. Colors Holi at a market in Mysore

109. Holi celebrations, Pushkar, Rajasthan

110. Group pose for a
photo at a Holi
celebration in
Vashi, Navi
Mumbai, India

111. marks the victory of Goddess Durga
over
the
evil
buffalo
demon
Mahishasura
 epitomizes the victory of Good over
Evil
 includes the worship of Shiva, who is
Durga's consort (Durga is an aspect of
Goddess Parvati)


112. Durga Puja at Bagbazar
Sarbajanin, North Kolkata.

113. a state holiday in India, although
Christianity in India is a minority
 in many of the schools that are run by
the Christian missionaries, children
actively participate in the program
 in many non-religious schools, there
is tradition of Christmas celebration
 also known as bada din (the big day)


115. also
known
as Baisakhi, Vaishakhi, or Vasakhi
a
festival celebrated across the
northern Indian subcontinent
 usually celebrated on 13 April, and
occasionally on 14 April, in the
different regions across the world as
the Sikhs migrated overseas


116. Sikh Vaisakhi parade

117.  three
national holidays:
◦ Republic Day
◦ Independence Day
◦ Gandhi Jayanti

118.  Hinduism
and Buddhism both
originated here.
 Most people in India practice
Hinduism with Islam a distant
second.
 Other important religions include
Christianity, Sikhism, Buddhism, a
nd Jainism.

119.  Hinduism
◦three main Hindu deities:
 Brahmā
 Vishnu
 Shiva

120.  Buddhism
◦major world religion, founded
in northeastern India
◦based on the teachings of
Siddhartha Gautama

121.  Traditional
Indian dress varies in
color and style across regions and
depends on various factors.
 Popular styles of dress include
draped garments such as the sari
for women and the dhoti or lungi
for men.

122. Vidya Balan
wearing silk sari
at a wedding

123. Sonakshi Sinha
in salwar
kameez

124. A fully
embriodered
pink ghagra
choli

125. A person
togged in a
mundu

126. A lungi clad Oriya
man in
Baleswar, Odisha

127. Sonu Nigam
wearing sherwani
at his concert

128.  Indian
cuisine
features
an
unsurpassed reliance on herbs
and spices, with dishes often
calling for the nuanced usage of a
dozen or more condiments

129. Spices at a grocery shop in
India

130. Lentils are a staple ingredient
in Indian cuisine

131.  India
is
also known for its
tandoori preparations.
 The tandoor, a clay oven used in
India for almost 5,000 years, grills
meats
to
an
“uncommon
succulence” and produces the
puffy flatbread known as naan.

132. Bukharian
Tandoor

133. naan

134. Tandoori
chicken is a
popular
grilled dish.

135. Pesarattu, a popular Andhra
dish, served withkobbari
pachadi (chutney made using

136. Hyderabadi Biryani from the
city of Hyderabad

137. Roasted stuffed Litti from Bihar

138. Palak paneer, a dish made from
spinach and paneer (cottage
cheese)

139. Khaman is a popular Gujarati
snack.

140. momo served in Tomato gravy

141. A bowl of thukpa

142. Saag
a popular Kumauni dish from Uttarakhand is
made from any of the various green vegetables
like spinach and fenugreek

143. Kadhi, a spicy north Indian dish

144. Poha, a popular breakfast dish
in Maharashtra

145. Spicy fish from Kerala

146. An Indian restaurant in Singapore
named Komala's Little India

147. Filmi
3 Idiots “Zoobi Doobi”