govt. dental college and hospital

1. JAGADEESH K
P.G STUDENT
DEPT. OF CONSERVATIVE DENTISTRY & ENDODONTICS

2. • SEALER, root canal (cement)-A radiopaque dental
cement used, usually in combination with a solid or semi-
solid core material, to fill voids and to seal root canals during
obturation.
Glossary of Endodontic Terms
DEFINITION

4. Ideal Requirements
• Should provide an excellent seal apically and
laterally.
• Should produce adequate adhesion when it sets.
• Should be radiopaque.
• Should be non staining.
• Should be dimensionally stable.
• Should be easily mixed and introduced in the r.c

5. • Should be easily removed if necessary.
• Be insoluble in tissue fluids.
• Should be bactericidal and non irritating
• should be slow setting to ensure sufficient working.

6. • Should not provoke an immune response on
periapical tissues.
• Should not be mutagenic.
- Cantatore
• a binding agent to cement the well fitted primary cone into a canal
• a filler for the discrepancies between the cone and the canal walls
• a lubricant to facilitate the seating of the primary cone into the
canal
• Radiopacity
• Certain techniques dictate the use of particular sealer
FUNCTIONS OF SEALERS

7. • Penetrate the patent dentinal tubules.
• Bind intimately to both the organic and inorganic phases of dentin.
• Neutralize or destroy microorganisms and their products.
• Predictably induce a cemental regenerative response over the apical
foramen.
• Strengthen the root system.
Future Directions

8. Type I: Sealer cements to be used
with core materials
Class 1. Powder and liquid
nonpolymerizing
Class 2. Paste and paste
nonpolymerizing
Class 3. Polymer resin system
Type II: Filling materials to be used without
core materials or sealer cements
Class 1. Powder and liquid nonpolymerizing
Class 2. Paste and paste nonpolymerizing
Class 3. Metal amalgams
Class 4. Polymers
CLASSIFICATION

9. Cements
Pastes
Plastics
Experimental
sealers
I
N
G
L
E
• Zinc oxide resin cements
• Calcium hydroxide cements
• Paraformaldehyde cements
• Pastes
GROSSMAN

10. BASED ON COMPOSITION
COMPOSITION Eugenol
Non eugenol
Medicated

11. EUGENOL
Silver containing
cements
Kerr sealer
(Rickert, 1931)
Procosol radio
opaque silver
cement (Grossman,
1936)
Silver free
cements
Procosol non
staining cement
(Grossman, 1958)
Grossman’s sealer
(Grossman, 1974)
Tubliseal (Kerr,
1961)
Wach’s paste
(Wach)

12. NON EUGENOL
Diaket
AH 26
Chloropercha
Nogenol
Hydron
Endofil
Glass ionomer
Polycarboxylate
Calcium Phosphate
cement

13. MEDICATED
Diaket A
N2
Endomethasone
SPAD
Iodoform paste
Riebler’s paste
Mynol cement
Ca(OH)2 paste

14. CLARK
Absorbable
eg: kerr sealer,
grossman’s sealer,
Roth’s cement
Non absorbable
eg.: Diaket, ketac endo,
AH 26/AH plus

15. Based on principal ingredient present
Zinc oxide based
•Eugenol containing
•Non eugenol containing
Iodoform based
•Iodoform based
Vitapex

16. Polyacrylic
based
•Polycarboxylate cement
•Glass ionomer cement
– Ketac endo
Calcium
hydroxide based
Calcium
hydroxide based
•Sealapex
•CRCS
•Apexit
•Apexitplus
•Vitapex

17. Resin based
•Polyvinyl resin based
-Diaket
- Diaket A
•Epoxy resin based
-AH 26
- AH plus
•Methacrylate resin based
-Fiberfill
-Hydron
-Epiphany
Silicone based
•Lee Endofill
•RoekoSeal
•GuttaFlow

18. ZINC OXIDE BASED SEALERS
• Kerr’s Sealer or Rickerts’s formula
(Dixon and Rickert 1931)
POWDER LIQUID
Zinc oxide Oil of cloves
Precipitated silver Canada balsam
Resins
Thymol iodide

19. •ADVANTAGES:
• Excellent lubricating properties
• Allows working time more than 30 min, when
mixed in 1:1 ratio
• Germicidal action and biocompatibility
• Greater bulk than any sealer..
•DISADVANTAGES:
• Extremely staining

20. Manipulation:
• Pellet contains powder and liquid in a bottle
• One drop of liquid to one pellet of powder
PROCOSOL RADIOPAQUE SILVER CEMENT
(GROSSMAN, 1936)
POWDER LIQUID
Zinc oxide 45% Eugenol 90%
Precipitated Silver 17% Canada Balsam 10%
Hydrogenated resins 36%
Magnesium oxide 2%

21. PROCOSOL NONSTAINING CEMENT
(GROSSMAN, 1958)
POWDER LIQUID
Zinc oxide 40% Eugenol 80%
Staybelite resin 27% Sweet oil of almond 20%
Bismuth subcarbonate 15%
Barium sulfate 15%

22. GROSSMAN’S SEALER
POWDER LIQUID
Zinc oxide 40 Eugenol
Staybelite resin 30
Bismuth subcarborate 15
Barium sulfate 15
Sodium borate 1

23. ROLE OF EACH COMPONENTS :-
• Staybelite Resin:- improves mixing characteristics and retards the
setting time
• Sodium borate:- extends the setting time
• Bismuth subcarbonate, Barium sulfate:- improves Radiopacity
ADVANTAGES:-
• It is the most widely used sealer
• Meets most of Grossman's own requirements for an ideal sealer
• It causes minimal degree of irritation and a high level of antimicrobial
activity

24. • This sealer is excellent when lubrication is needed.
• Cleans up nicely with xylene and other similar solvents.
• The formulation is nonstaining.
• The tissue toxicity is about the same as other ZOE-type
sealers
• It has good sealing potential and very small volumetric
change upon setting.
• It has increased plasticity and slow setting time, which is due
to the presence of sodium borate anhydrate

25. • It is used in many of the dental schools because it is
inexpensive and has a very slow -setting time of 8 to 12 hours.
• It has good sealing potential and very small volumetric change
upon setting.
• DISADVANTAGES
• Post fill sensitivity due to overextension into periapical tissue
may last longer due to its long setting time.
• zinc eugenate can be decomposed by water through a continuous
loss of eugenol, making zinc oxide-eugenol a weak and unstable
material.

26. MANIPULATION
• Sterile glass slab and spatula
• Not more than 3 drops of liquid should be used at a time.
• Small increments of powder is added to liquid and mixed to a
creamy consistency.
• Spatulation time – 1 minute/drop
• The cement will not harden for 6-8 hrs if left on the glass slab.
• In the canal, because of moisture in the dentinal tubules, it begins
to set in half an hour.

27. TEST FOR PROPER CONSISTENCY
• Drop test
• “String-out” test.
Roth’s sealer
• It is a substitution of bismuth sub nitrate for bismuth
subcorbonate .
• Roth’s 801 is an modern-day Grossman formula and its
newer version is Roth’s 811

28. WACH’S SEALER
POWDER LIQUID
Zinc oxide 10g Cnanada balsam 20ml
Tricalcium phosphate 2g Oil of cloves 6ml
Bismuth subnitrate 3.5g
Bismuth subiodide 0.3g
Heavy magnesium oxide 0.5 g

29. Properties
• Medium working time
• Medium lubricating quality
• Minimal periapical irritation
• It is sticky due to the presence of Canada balsam
• Increasing thickness of the sealer lessens its lubricating effect so
it is indicated where there is possibility of over extension.
ADVANTAGES
• It is a good germicidal, relatively low tissue irritant .
• The sealer is biocompatible to the periapical tissue.
DISADVANTAGES
• Wach’s paste has medium working time and has less lubricating
quality.

30. MANIPULATION
• The sealer is supplied as powder and liquid separately. One
drop of liquid is used with an appropriate amount of powder.
• Mixed to a creamy smooth consistency and should string out
atleast one inch when spatula is raised from the glass slab.
• Larger canals generally require a slightly thicker mix and also
if there is any chance of over extension.

31. TUBLISEAL
Base paste Catalyst paste
Zinc oxide 57-59% Eugenol
Oleo resins 18.5-21.25% Polymerised resin
Bismuth trioxide 7.5% annidalin
Thymol iodide 3.75-5%
Oil and waxes 10%

32. MANIPULATION
Tubliseal sealer is contained in two collapsible tubes containing a
base and accelerator which when mixed together to about half an
inch (which is sufficient in most cases) forms a creamy mix.
ADVANTAGES
• The sealer does not stain the tooth structures.
• It is extremely lubricating has a high rate of flow giving a
thinner film.
• Expands after setting

33. •DISADVANTAGES
• very low viscosity -makes extrusion through the apical foramen
• The Tubliseal sealer is very irritating to the periapical tissue
• Short working time
•INDICATIONS
• When apical surgery is to be performed immediately after filling
• Because of good lubricating property, it is used in cases where it
is difficult for a master cone to reach the apical third of the root
canal.

34. Systemic Toxicity and Allergies of ZOE sealers
low systemic toxicity
Formaldehyde, which is released from ZOE sealers containing
paraformaldehyde, is a known allergen (hapten) as well.
Local Toxicity and Tissue Compatibility

35. Aspergillosis
A number of case reports document that paraformaldehyde-
containing ZOE sealers may cause an aspergillosis of the
maxillary sinus when the root canals of upper posterior teeth are
overfilled and the sealers are pressed into the maxillary sinus.
G. Schmalz Biocopatibility of dental materials

36. Antimicrobial Properties

37. NON-EUGENOL SEALER CEMENTS
KLOROPERCHA N –  SEALER
POWDER LIQUID
Canada balsam 19.6% chloroform
Rosin 11.8%
Gutta percha 19.6%
Zinc oxide 49%

38. CHLOROPERCHA
Chloropercha is obtained by mixing gutta percha with
chloroform to fit better in the canal.
MODIFIED CHLOROPERCHA METHODS
1. Johnston-Callahan Method
• 95% alcohol
• Callahan resin Chloroform
2. Nygaard-Ostby Method
• Canada balsam, colophonium and zinc oxide powder mixed
with chloroform

39. • DISADVANTAGES OF CHLOROPERCHA
• Chloro percha is carcinogenic
• Chloro percha products undergo shrinkage of during the
evaporation of chloroform.
• It acts as an irritant to the periapical tissues.
• Chloro percha has been shown to be associated with a
greater degree of leakage than other materials.

40. NOGENOL
This was developed to overcome the irritating quality of
eugenol. The product is an outgrowth of a non-eugenol
periodontal pack.
COMPOSITION
Base
Zinc oxide with barium sulfate as a raiopacifer along with
vegetable oil.
Catalyst
The setting of the sealer is accelerated by hydrogenated rosin ,
chlorothymol and salicylic acid

41. ADVANTAGES
• Nogenol is a less irritating sealer
• The sealer expands on setting and may improve its sealing
efficacy with time.

42. CALCIUM HYDROXIDE BASED SEALERS
• Herman – 1920
• First clinical use as root canal filling material – Rhoner
• BIOCALEX – French researchers (1950)
• Dycal as root canal sealer – 1970
The two most important reasons –
• Stimulation of the periapical tissues in order to maintain health /
promote healing
• Antimicrobial effects.

43. SEALAPEX
Noneugenol calcium hydroxide polymeric resin root canal sealer
Base
Calcium hydroxide 25%
Zinc oxide 6.5%
Calcium oxide
Butyl benzene
Silicon dioxide
Catalyst
Barium sulfate 18.6%
Titanium dioxide 5.1%
Zinc stearate 1%
Isobutyl salicylate
Disalicylate
Trisalicylate
Bismuth trioxide

44. In 100% humidity, it takes three weeks to reach a final set. It never
sets in a dry atmosphere.
Advantages
• It has good therapeutic effect and biocompatible
• The extruded material resorbs in 4-5 months
Disadvantages
• Poor cohesive strength
• Takes long time to set (3weeks)
• Absorbs water and expands on setting

46. CALCIBIOTIC ROOT CANAL SEALER
Powder contains
Calcium Hydroxide
Zinc Oxide
Bismuth dioxide
Barium Sulfate
Liquid contains
Eugenol
Eucalyptol

47. It contains 14% of available calcium hydroxide
Advantages
• Biocompatible
• Takes three days to set
• Stable in nature
• Shows little water resorption
• Easily disintegrates in tissues
Disadvantages
• Extruded sealer is resistant to resorption by tissue fluids
• It shows minimal antibacterial activity

48. APEXIT
Available in syringes
COMPOSITION
Base
Calcium hydroxide 31.9 %
Zinc oxide 5.5 %
Calcium Oxide 5.6 %
Silicon dioxide 8.1 %
Zinc stearate 2.3 %
Hydrogenised colophony 31.5 %
Tricalcium phosphate 4.1 %
Poly dimethyl siloxane 2.5 %

49. ACTIVATOR
Trimethyl hexanedioldisalicylate 25.0 %
Bismuth carbonate basic 18.2 %
Bismuth oxide 18.2 %
Silicon dioxide 15.0 %
1,3 Butanediol di Salicylates 11.4 %
Hydrogenised colophony 5.4 %
Tricalcium phosphate 5.0 %
Zinc stearate 1.4 %
Advantages
Biocompatible
Easy to mix Radiopaque Hard setting

50. APEXIT PLUS

51. VITAPEX
IODOFROM , a known bactericide, is released from the sealer

52. RESIN BASED SEALERS
POLYVINYL RESIN BASED
DIAKET
• It is a polyvinyl resin (polyketone), a reinforced chelate formed
between zinc oxide and diketone.
•Schmidt in 1951.

53. POWDER LIQUID
Zinc oxide 2,2 dihydroxy- 5,5
chlorodiphenylmethane
Bismuth phosphate B-diketone
Triethanolamine
Caproic acid
Copolymers of vinyl
chloride, vinyl acetate and
vinyl isobutyl

54. Advantages
• Good adhesion
• Fast setting
• Stable in nature
• Superior tensile strength
Disadvantages
• Toxic in nature
• Tacky material difficult to
manipulate
• If extruded fibrous
encapsulation
• Setting adversely affected by
presence of camphor or phenol
DIAKET A
• Chemically similar to Diaket but contains disinfectant Hexa
Chlorophene
• One of the few medicated cement, does not contain
paraformaldehyde

55. EPOXY RESIN BASED SEALERS
POWDER
Bismuth oxide 60%
Hexamethylene teramine 25%
Silver powder 10%
Titanium oxide 5%
LIQUID
Bisphenol diglycidyl
ether
AH-26

56. Properties:
 Good flow
 Good adhesive property
 Antibacterial
 Contracts slightly while hardening
 Low toxicity and well tolerated

57. Advantages:
• Not effected by moisture and will even set under water
Setting time: 36-48 hours at body temperature
5-7 days at room temperature
 Greater adhesion to dentin
 Low solubility
 Tissue compatibility
 Slight shrinkage
Disadvantages:
• Silver containing
• Formaldehyde releasing

58. AH PLUS
PASTE A PASTE B
Epoxy resins Adamantianeamine
Calcium tungstate N,N- di benzyl-5-
Oxanonane-diamine-
1,9,TCD-diamine
Zirconium oxide Zirconium oxide
Silica Silica
Iron oxide Silicone oil

59. Working time 4hrs
Setting time 8 hrs
Flow 36mm
Film thickness 26µ
Shrinkage 1.76%
Solubility 0.31%

60. AH 26 AH PLUS
1. Powder and liquid 1. 2 paste system
2. Releases small amount of
formaldehyde on mixing,
making it toxic in nature
2. Less toxic so biocompatible
in nature
3. Causes tooth staining 3. Does not cause staining
4. Film thickness: 39µ 4. It is 20µ
5. Setting time :24- 36 hours 5. Setting time: 8 hours
6. Good radio opacity 6. Better radio opacity
7. Less soluble 7. Half solubility when
compared to AH 26

61. EZ FILL

63. EZ FILL XPRESS

65. HYDRON
• Rapid setting hydrophilic, plastic material used as root canal sealer
without the use of a core.
• Wichterle and lim in 1960
• It is available as an injectable root canal filling material
• Polymer of hydroxy ethyl methacrylate
Advantages
• A biocompatible material
• Conform the shape of the root canal because of its plasticity
METHACRYLATE RESIN BASED

66. Disadvantages
• Short working time
• Very low radiopacity
• Irritant to the periapical tissues
• Difficult to remove from the canals
Endo REZ
• UDMA based
• Bio compatible, Hydrophilic sealer

67. •ADVANTAGES
• Radiopacity similar to G.P
• Good adaptation
• Good flow
• Remains soft and plastic for longer time
•DISADVANTAGES
• Shelf life (18 months)
• Poor sealing in apical third
• Shrinkage (hammad et al 2008)

68. EPIPHANY
• self etch primer
• sealer
• core material (RESILON points)
• Claimed to achieve excellent seal by creating a MONOBLOCK
Prior to the application of primer, 17% EDTA – smear layer removal
Rinsing with saline or 2% CHX
Primer with paper points
Sealer mixed (dual syringe mixed with auto mixing tip)
Applied into the canal using lentulo spiral or Master Cone

69. PROPERTIES
• Highly radiopaque
• Easy to remove
• Dual curing, hydrophilic
• Biocompatible, nonmutagenic, and noncytotoxic
• Less irritating
• Improves the fracture resistance of the roots

70. MONOBLOCK
Franklin R. Tay J endo 2007
• The term monoblock, literally meaning a single unit.
• Monoblock concept is thearitically related to a genuine gap
free solid filling that is able to produce a real fluid tight seal
and improve fracture resistance of root.
• Development of true monoblock is the real challenging

71. • Using 3D-speckle interferometry - endodontic access preparation
– 0.24±0.03µm in intact roots to 0.36±0.04 µm.(3.75N).
• Tapered post space - 0.57±0.04 µm.
• parallel-sided post preparation - 0.73±0.09µm

73. PRIMARY MONOBLOCK
• HYDRON - 2-hydroxylethyl methacrylate (HEMA) – en
masse filling.
• HEMA polymerizes in the presence of water to form soft
hydrogels.
• Highly permeable and leachable & exhibited extensive
leakages.
• Modulus of elasticity hydron - 180 to 250 mpa.

74. MTA
• As an apexification material represents primary monoblock in
attempts to strengthen immature tooth roots.
• MTA is composed principally of Portland cement with the
addition of Bismuth trioxide to render it radiopaque.
• Being an entirely inorganic material, Portland cement undergoes
chemical shrinkage after hydration.
• Thus, a certain amount of volumetric shrinkage should also occur
during the setting of MTA.
• Not bonded to dentin - no shrinkage stresses.

75. • Calcium and hydroxyl ions of MTA + phosphate-containing
synthetic body fluid apatite-like interfacial deposits
(BIOLOGIC APATITE) –
Benham Bolhari et al JOE 2014
• Fill any gaps - improve the frictional resistance .
• Probably also accounts for the seal - in orthograde obturation.

76. • Although the elastic modulus of MTA is not available,
studies on Portland cements indicate that the compressive
elastic modulus of the latter is approximately 1.7 GPa (i.e.,
1700MPa) during the early setting stage.
• Unlike Hydron, MTA should theoretically be able to
strengthen roots.

77. Andreasen et al, - examined the fracture resistance of MTA
applied to immature sheep roots found no difference in roots that
were filled with Ca(OH)2 versus those that were filled with MTA.
The inability of MTA to strengthen roots is due to lack of bonding
to dentin & its low strength in tension.
Andreasen JO, Munksgaard EC, Bakland LK. Comparison of fracture
resistance in root canals of immature sheep teeth after filling with calcium
hydroxide or MTA. Dent Traumatol 2006;22:154–6.

78. SECONDARY MONOBLOCKS
• Secondary monoblocks have two circumferential interfaces, one
between the cement and dentin and the other between the cement
and the core material.
• Ability to bond strongly and mutually to one another as well as
substrate.
• Modulus of elasticity similar to that of substrate.

79. Cement Modulus of elasticity Von Mises stress
Panavia F 18.3 GPa 20.9 MPa
Zinc Phosphate
cement
9.3–13.4 GPa 20.8 MPa
Superbond C&B 1.8 GPa 24.5 MPa
glass-ionomer
cement
4.0 GPa 23.6 MPa

80. • As result use of resin composite luting cements has been
reported to reveal superior post retention, less solubility and
microleakage compared to zinc phosphate cements.
• The first implied existence of a mechanically homogeneous
monoblock in the root canal space was reported in 1996 with the
bonding of epoxy resin–based, carbon fiber–reinforced posts
to root dentin.
• Carbon fiber posts, having a modulus of elasticity very similar
to that of dentin, - achieve a tooth–post–core monoblock instead
of an assembly of heterogeneous materials.

81. • The beneficial claims of the carbon fiber post-root dentin monblock
could not be validated in invitro and invivo studies.
• Epoxide ring opening and methacrylate grafting is not happened
under physiological temperatures.
• Later on quartz coated carbon fibers and glass fibers that are amenable
to silane coupling.
• Epoxy resin embedding is replaced with highly cross-linked, oxygen
inhibition layer free methacrylate resin matrices.
• Although the use of newer generations of fiber posts have not attained
ideal Monoblock, reported to have performed well invivo because
of modulus of elasticity.

82. RESILON
• Initial studies on resilon favorable
• RMS
• Polymerisation shrinkage
• C-factor
• Degree of conversion
• Urethane dimethacrylate
• Phase seperation – not homogenously dispersed

83. TERTIARY MONOBLOCK
• Tertiary monoblocks - third circumferential interface is
introduced between the bonding substrate and the obturation
material.
• Fiber posts that contain either an external silicate coating or
unpolymerized resin composite for relining root canals that are
too wide or not perfectly round for the fitting of conventional
fiber posts may be considered as tertiary monoblock.

84. Anatomic post system
EndoRez system
Activ GP

85. SILICONE BASED SEALERS
ROEKOSEAL
• Composition – polydimethyl siloxane, silicone
oil, paraffin base oil, hexachloroplatinic acid,
zirconium dioxide
Properties
• Excellent flow
• Insolubility
• Dimensional stability – expands slightly (0.2%)
• Extremely biocompatible, does not contain
eugenol
• Highly radioopaque

86. ENDOFILL
• COMPOSITION
• The base of Endo-Fill is heavily loaded with bismuth sub
nitrate as radio opacifier. Hence it is densely radiopaque. The
active ingredients are hydroxyl terminated dimethyl poly-
siloxane, benzyl alcohol and hydrophobic amorphous silica
(10 to 30 milli microns particle size).
• The catalysts are ethyl ortho silicate, poly dimethyl siloxane
and catalyst intermediate.

87. • Endofill, when set has a rubbery consistency. Initially the
manufacturer recommended that it be injected into the canal
as the sole sealer.
• This is remarkable in that Endofill is virtually nontoxic the
least irritating sealer on the market.
• When used properly as a sealer with gutta percha it is quite
similar to other sealers.

88. • ADVANTAGES
• It is easy to prepare,
• It has a adjustable working time, low viscosity and rubbery in
consistency. It is easy to remove as Gutta Percha.
• DISADVANTAGES
• The endofill cannot be used in the presence of hydrogen
peroxide and the canal must be absolutely dry.
• It also shrinks upon setting, but has an affinity for flowing into
tubuli.

89. GUTTA FLOW
• Prepared by mixing gutta percha powder (to a low grain size) into
the components of silicone sealer.
• Unidose capsule.
• Consisits of two components in one capsule that are activated
by compression.
• Mixed for 30 seconds in a standard triturator.
• Canal tip can be used to dispense.
• Working time: 15min.
• Setting time: 25-30min.

92. ADVANTAGES
• Flowable , thixotropic
• Dimensionally stable
• Expands slightly
DISADVANTAGES
• Larger armamentarium needed

93. GUTTA FLOW2

94. MEDICATED ROOT CANAL SEALERS
N2
•Sargenti and Ritcher
•Hydrocortisone or terra-Cortril
•Formaldehyde – prolonged fixation and antiseptic action
•Powder contains
- zinc oxide: 64.50% -zinc stearate: 0.074%
- paraformaldehyde: 5.710% -titanium oxide: 4.670%
- bismuth carbonate: 9.930% -bismuth nitrate: 14.90%
- ferric oxide: 0.040%

95. The liquid contains:
- eugenol: 77.0%
- rose oil: 1.8%
- lavender oil: 1.2%
- peanut oil: 20.0%
TOXICITY
Degree of irritation is severe with over filling , persisting
paresthesia

96. ENDOMETHASONE
Formulation very similar to N2
Powder (pink in color) liquid
Zinc oxide – 100 g eugenol
Bismuth subnitrate- 100 g
Dexamethasone – 0.019 g
Hydrocortisone - 1.60 g
Thymol iodide – 25 g
Paraformaldehyde – 2.20 g

97. ENDOMETHASONE N

98. GLASS IONOMER SEALER
KETAC ENDO
Adhesive quality
Powder
• Calcium aluminium lanthanum fluorosilicate glass
• Calcium volframate
• Silicic acid
• Pigments
Liquid
• Polyethylene polycarbonic acid/maleic acid
• Copolymer
• Tartaric acid
• water

99. Advantages
• Optimal physical qualities
• Shows bonding to dentin
• Shows minimum number of voids
• Low surface tension
• Optimal flow property
Disadvantages
• Cannot be removed in the event of retreatment – no solvent
• Toronto/Osract group – chloroform and ultrasonic no.25 file

101. RECENTADVANCES

102. CERAMICS-BASED SEALERS
Repair following Pulpectomy
-Grossman endodontic practice 12th ed

103. ‘Endodontic grafting’
Filling of the root canal with ceramic sealer, which due to its
osseoconductivity action promotes the physiological closure of
the canal by cementoid hard tissue, can be called “endodontic
grafting.” Such endodontic grafting can ensure the lasting root’s
health while it constantly remains in contact with body fluids.
- Deyan Kossev & Valeri Stefanov, ROOTS MAGAZINE 2009

104. Sealers for ‘endodontic grafting’
Endodontic sealers that set hard and are stable in constantly wet
environment are :
a. Recently created calcium — silicate — phosphate- based
bioceramic nano-compositions — Bio-Aggregate, iRoot SP
and iRoot BP.
b. MTA-based products — “MTA — Angelus”,ProRoot MTA,
Aureoseal.

108. • ProRoot endo sealer
• MTA fillapex
• CPM sealer
• MTA Obtura
• MTAS experimental sealer
• F-doped MTA
MTA based Sealers

109. ProRoot Endo
Tricalcium silicate
Dicalcium silicate
Calcium sulfate
Bismuth oxide
Tricalcium aluminate
Viscous aqueous solution of
water soluble polymer
Powder
Liquid
2 : 1

110. amorphous calcium phosphate like phase
carbonate apatite/ biologic apatite
- Gadaleta 1991
• Cytotoxicity
• Pushout bondstrength
• microleakage

111. MTA FILLAPEX

113. CPM Sealer
• Presented as a white modified portland cement-based material,
most significant difference is the presence of calcium carbonate,
which intends to increase the release of Calcium ions and offer
good sealing properties, adhesion to dentinal walls, adequate flow
rate, and biocompatibilty.

114. MTA Obtura
Composition similar to grey MTAAngelus, consisting of
Portland cement clinker and bismuth oxide
MTAS Experimental sealer
• 80% white portland cement
• Zirconium oxide
• Calcium chloride
• Resinous vehicle

115. F-doped MTA cements
• Powder consists of white portland cement, bismuth oxide, anhydrite,
sodium fluoride.
• Liquid consist of Alphacaine solution.
• Expansion in water and PBS.

116. Herbal Sealer (Biosealer)
It is an experimental root canal sealer based on Copaifera
multijuga oil-resin.
• Powder- zinc oxide, calcium hydroxide, bismuth subcarbonate,
natural resin (rosin) and borax.
• Liquid - purified Copaifera multijuga oil-resin.

117. Nanoseal plus root canal sealer
It is made up of calcium phosphate hydroxyapitite
nanoparticles range from 40-60 nm. The rod shaped active
nanoparticles can penetrate the dentinal tubules & enter
accessory canals to ensure that all the spaces are effectively
sealed.

118. Hybrid root seal
Fourth generation self-adhesive dual-cure sealer, available in the
powder-liquid form. It is an insoluble, radiopaque material that can
be used either with resilon or Gutta-percha.
The liquid comprises of 4-META, monofunctional methacrylate
monomers and photo-initiators, while the powder consists of a
mixture of zirconia oxide filler, silicon dioxide filler and
polymerization initiators.

119. 4-META is able to promote monomer diffusion into the
acid-conditioned and underlying intact dentin and produces
functional hybridized dentin with polymerization. The
formation of the hybrid dentin is the major mechanism of
bonding and also the high quality hybridized dentin resists
acidic challenges.

120. Placement of sealer
• Reamer : is twirled counterclockwise, pumped and wiped
against the walls
• Absorbent paper points or gutta percha : pumping
• Lentulo spiral: in a handpiece
Disadv: locking in canal.
• Ultrasonic file without use of a coolant

121. conclusion
The selection of a sealer is based on amount of lubrication
needed, the length of working time estimated, and the filling
material to be used .Furthermore the composition of the sealer
is important since the toxic components of a sealer may irritate
periapical tissues which compromise the success of the
endodontic treatment.

122. References
• Text book of endodontics – ingle
• Pathways of pulp- cohen
• Text book of endodontics- nisha garg
• Dental materials- S.Maha laxmi
• Text book of endodontics – Arnaldo castelluci
• Biocompatibilty of dental materials- G.Schmalz

123. • J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater. 2008 Feb;84(2):430-5
• Oper Dent. 2005 Jul-Aug;30(4):533-9
• Monoblocks in endodontics – Franklin R.Tay et al JOE 2007
• k.mamootil & H.H.Messer IEJ 2007
• INSIDE DENTISTRY—JANUARY/FEBRUARY 2006
• Richard S. Schwartz JOE—Volume 32, Number 12, December
2006
• Darrag/Fayyad Adhesives in endodontics. Part II ENDO (Lond
Engl) 2011;5(2):87–105

124. • Deyan Kossev & Valeri Stefanov, ROOTS MAGAZINE
2009