SlideShare a Scribd company logo
1 of 19
Download to read offline
Child health problems
Dr Utpal Sharma
Assistant Professor
Department of Community Medicine
SMIMS, Gangtok, Sikkim
Introduction
 The main health problems encountered in the child
population are
Child
health
problems
Low
birth
weight
Malnutrition
Infections
ParasitosisAccidents
Poisoning
Behavioural
problems
Malnutrition
 Most widespread condition affecting the child health
 The trigger for this undesirable condition are
 Scarcity of suitable food
 Lack of purchasing power
 Beliefs and taboos about food
 Documents reveals that malnutrition is the underlying cause
of 50% of all deaths amongst the children under 5 years
 About 15% of the under 5 children were found to be
underweight globally in the year 2006-12
 This ranges from 1.4% in the developed countries to 24% in
the developing nations
Cont….
 India reports about 43.5% of the under 5 children to be
underweight at present.
 About 43% of these were moderate to severely malnourished.
 Of this figure 16% have severe malnutrition of which 20%
have moderate to severe wasting and 48% moderate to
severe stunting
 Malnutrition make the child more susceptible to infections with
slower recovery leading to higher mortality
 Undernourishment hinders the achievement of full potential of
physical and mental abilities
 Malnutrition in infancy and childhood manifests in the form of
micronutrients and vitamin deficiencies and leads to stunting
What could be done????
 Prevention and treatment of infectious diseases like
 Diarrhoea
 Measles
 And other infections…
…..in infancy and childhood reduces malnutrition
 Prevention of childhood morbidities breaks the breaks
the stubborn vicious cycle of infections and
malnutrition
 Exclusive breast feeding in first 6 months of life is very
important for the same.
Specific nutritional
deficiencies
Protein energy malnutrition
 Identified as the major health and nutritional
issue in India
 More prevalent amongst the weaklings and infants
 Characterized by
 Low birth weight if the mother is malnourished
 Poor growth
 And high level of mortality amongst 12-24 months age.
 Morbidity in form of PEM is estimated to be the
underlying cause of 30% deaths amongst under 5
children
Cont…
 It is estimated that about 37% of children
suffers from stunting in developing nations
 Also about 10% children have low weight for height
(wasting)
 High level of stunting in children suggests the wrath of
cumulative effects of undernutrition and infections…
……since birth or before so.
 Towering rates of stunting is indicative of bad
environment and/or early malnutrition
 High frequency of wasting is suggestive of….
……current severe malnutrition or diseases
Micronutrients malnutrition
 An estimate of around 2million people suffers from these deficiencies
Nutritional anemia
 Affects all age groups
 Even mild anemia reduces resistance to fatigue
 Has profound effect on psychological and physical behaviour
Iodine deficiency
 Considered as a public health problem when 5% of the school children (6-12 yrs)
suffers from goiter
 About 1.5 million people are living in environment lacking the mineral
 The result is about 30,000 stillbirths and 1.2 lac babies are born mentally
retarded, physically stunted, deaf mute or paralyzed each year
 Lack of iodine even in children born healthy may result to dullness and apathy
Cont….
Vit A deficiency and nutritional blindness
 Young children are at greater risk owing to greater
requirements and susceptibility to infections
 The catastrophe like blinding corneal destruction is seen mostly
amongst children 6 months to 6 years
 Labeled as the single most frequent cause of blindness amongst pre-
school children in developing nations
 About 20% of deficient children are at risk of death due to common
infections and….
..around 2% are either blinded or suffers from serious sight impairment
 Nutritional deficiencies not only guarantees long and costly treatment
due to severe illness but also….
…..influence physical and psychological development and
susceptibility to infections
Infections and parasitic diseases
 A known fact is child may fall sick several times a year however
the incidence increase with aggravation in a state of malnutrition
 Estimated toll of 4 million deaths is due to respiratory infections in
developing nations
 Another quarter is attributed to malnutrition and further quarter to
measles, pertussis, malaria and HIV/AIDS
 In India in 2009, 3480 cases of diptheria, 40,840 cases of
measles, 43,697 cases of pertussis and 889 cases of neonatal
tetanus was reported...
….along with the hidden burden of intestinal parasitosis.
Cont….
Scenario explains the
 poor environmental conditions and
 paucity of potable drinking water in the country.
Prevention and treatment of children’s illness may
interrupt transmission of infection in the community
The simple and effective measures for prevention
and treatment of
 Infections and…
 Intestinal parasitosis in children….
….have important long term
consequences
Accidents and poisoning
 Relatively becoming more important child
health problems in developing nations
 The common events encountered are…
 …burns and trauma resultant of home accidents and…
 ….Increasingly traffic accidents
 Children and young adolescents particularly falls prey
to accidents like….
 Falls
 Burns
 Poisoning
 Drowning
Behavioural problems
Children abandoned by their families presents
severe, social and health problems
Such children are indulged in the behavioural
problems and anti-social practice (Delinquent)
India alone harbors around 1.5 million such
children as estimated by International
Union of Child Welfare
Other factors affecting child health
Maternal health
 Child health adversely affected if the mother is…
 Malnourished,
 Too young (< 18 yrs of age) or too old (> 35yrs of age)
 Very frequent pregnancy (<2 yrs gap)
 Too many children (> 4 children)
 Deprived of basic pregnancy care
Family
 “Child health” reflects the “family health”
 Is an indicator of family’s physical and social environment
 It determines the development of speech, personality and
intellectual potential of the child
 Other factors are family size, relationships, and family stability
 Children from bigger families (> 4 children) have greater
prevalence of malnutrition and infections
Socio-economic circumstances
 Physical and intellectual development of the
child varies with the socioeconomic status of the family
 Under privileged children of same age group are found to
 smaller
 lighter and
 less advanced in psychomotor and intellectual performances…
…..compared to the privileged counterparts
 Poverty, illiteracy and sickness creates a vicious cycle
spanning from one generation to other….
….leaving behind almost impossible scope of escaping
 Differences of health conditions of rich and poor is strikingly
obvious, especially amongst the children
Environment
 After the first week of life, environment plays a major role as
determinants of infant and childhood morbidities and mortality
 Tetanus infection in newborn takes away a heavy toll in the first few
weeks of life.
 Diseases like diarrhoea, pneumonia and infections (viral, bacterial and
parasites) are extremely common in children exposed to insanitary
and hostile environment
 The stages of these infections varies according to the ecology,
hygiene and epidemiological conditions….
…..and the extend of interaction with them
 Insanitary excreta and other waste disposal invites the menace of
infections and diseases
Cont….
 Children develops skills byenvironmental
stimulation
 Stimulation can be provided by interaction with other people
who takes interest and help children develop
 Other sources of stimulation are radio, TV and illustrated
magazines
Social support and health care
 Health status of children is notably determined by community
and social support measures like….
 Creches and day care centres and
 Organized health care systems
Child health problems

More Related Content

What's hot

Protein energy malnutrition
Protein energy malnutritionProtein energy malnutrition
Protein energy malnutritionArifa T N
 
WHO Growth Chart
WHO Growth ChartWHO Growth Chart
WHO Growth ChartKunal Modak
 
Preventive Pediatrics
Preventive PediatricsPreventive Pediatrics
Preventive PediatricsLiniVivek
 
National nutritional programme
National nutritional programmeNational nutritional programme
National nutritional programmeMahesh Chand
 
Community Nutritional Programmes
Community Nutritional ProgrammesCommunity Nutritional Programmes
Community Nutritional ProgrammesAjay Agade
 
under five clinic.
under five clinic.under five clinic.
under five clinic.sangita dey
 
Integrated Child Development Services (ICDS)
Integrated Child Development Services (ICDS)Integrated Child Development Services (ICDS)
Integrated Child Development Services (ICDS)Abhijit Das
 
Protein energy malnutrition for Medicos
Protein energy malnutrition for MedicosProtein energy malnutrition for Medicos
Protein energy malnutrition for MedicosCSN Vittal
 
National Immunization Schedule
National Immunization ScheduleNational Immunization Schedule
National Immunization ScheduleManisha Mandal
 
Integrated child development services
Integrated child development servicesIntegrated child development services
Integrated child development servicesSharnjeet Kaur
 
Integrated Child Development Scheme (ICDS)
Integrated Child Development Scheme (ICDS)Integrated Child Development Scheme (ICDS)
Integrated Child Development Scheme (ICDS)Akhilesh Bhargava
 
Prevention & control of malnutrition, st is & cancer........
Prevention & control of malnutrition, st is & cancer........Prevention & control of malnutrition, st is & cancer........
Prevention & control of malnutrition, st is & cancer........Public Health Update
 
Severe Acute Malnutrition
Severe Acute MalnutritionSevere Acute Malnutrition
Severe Acute MalnutritionBibhu Sahu
 
Non communicable diseases
Non communicable diseasesNon communicable diseases
Non communicable diseasesJohny Wilbert
 
Adolescent health and national health programmes
Adolescent health and national health programmesAdolescent health and national health programmes
Adolescent health and national health programmesDr.Preeti Tiwari
 

What's hot (20)

Protein energy malnutrition
Protein energy malnutritionProtein energy malnutrition
Protein energy malnutrition
 
WHO Growth Chart
WHO Growth ChartWHO Growth Chart
WHO Growth Chart
 
Vitamin a prophylaxis
Vitamin a prophylaxisVitamin a prophylaxis
Vitamin a prophylaxis
 
Preventive Pediatrics
Preventive PediatricsPreventive Pediatrics
Preventive Pediatrics
 
National nutritional programme
National nutritional programmeNational nutritional programme
National nutritional programme
 
Community Nutritional Programmes
Community Nutritional ProgrammesCommunity Nutritional Programmes
Community Nutritional Programmes
 
Health planning
Health planning Health planning
Health planning
 
under five clinic.
under five clinic.under five clinic.
under five clinic.
 
Integrated Child Development Services (ICDS)
Integrated Child Development Services (ICDS)Integrated Child Development Services (ICDS)
Integrated Child Development Services (ICDS)
 
Jsy (Janani Suraksha Yojana)
Jsy (Janani Suraksha Yojana)Jsy (Janani Suraksha Yojana)
Jsy (Janani Suraksha Yojana)
 
Protein energy malnutrition for Medicos
Protein energy malnutrition for MedicosProtein energy malnutrition for Medicos
Protein energy malnutrition for Medicos
 
National Immunization Schedule
National Immunization ScheduleNational Immunization Schedule
National Immunization Schedule
 
HANDICAPPED CHILDREN
HANDICAPPED CHILDRENHANDICAPPED CHILDREN
HANDICAPPED CHILDREN
 
Integrated child development services
Integrated child development servicesIntegrated child development services
Integrated child development services
 
Integrated Child Development Scheme (ICDS)
Integrated Child Development Scheme (ICDS)Integrated Child Development Scheme (ICDS)
Integrated Child Development Scheme (ICDS)
 
Prevention & control of malnutrition, st is & cancer........
Prevention & control of malnutrition, st is & cancer........Prevention & control of malnutrition, st is & cancer........
Prevention & control of malnutrition, st is & cancer........
 
Severe Acute Malnutrition
Severe Acute MalnutritionSevere Acute Malnutrition
Severe Acute Malnutrition
 
Home based new born care
Home based new born care Home based new born care
Home based new born care
 
Non communicable diseases
Non communicable diseasesNon communicable diseases
Non communicable diseases
 
Adolescent health and national health programmes
Adolescent health and national health programmesAdolescent health and national health programmes
Adolescent health and national health programmes
 

Viewers also liked

Infectious disease in children nurs 3340
Infectious disease in children nurs 3340Infectious disease in children nurs 3340
Infectious disease in children nurs 3340Shepard Joy
 
Infectious disease in children nurs 3340 fall 2017
Infectious disease in children nurs 3340 fall 2017Infectious disease in children nurs 3340 fall 2017
Infectious disease in children nurs 3340 fall 2017Shepard Joy
 
Common Infectious Disease
Common Infectious DiseaseCommon Infectious Disease
Common Infectious Diseasemarydain
 
Infectious diseases: an introduction
Infectious diseases: an introductionInfectious diseases: an introduction
Infectious diseases: an introductionGuvera Vasireddy
 

Viewers also liked (6)

Infectious disease in children nurs 3340
Infectious disease in children nurs 3340Infectious disease in children nurs 3340
Infectious disease in children nurs 3340
 
Infectious disease in children nurs 3340 fall 2017
Infectious disease in children nurs 3340 fall 2017Infectious disease in children nurs 3340 fall 2017
Infectious disease in children nurs 3340 fall 2017
 
CHILD HEALTH
CHILD HEALTHCHILD HEALTH
CHILD HEALTH
 
Common Infectious Disease
Common Infectious DiseaseCommon Infectious Disease
Common Infectious Disease
 
Infectious diseases: an introduction
Infectious diseases: an introductionInfectious diseases: an introduction
Infectious diseases: an introduction
 
Introduction to infectious diseases
Introduction to infectious diseasesIntroduction to infectious diseases
Introduction to infectious diseases
 

Similar to Child health problems

Socio medical determinants of child health
Socio medical determinants of child healthSocio medical determinants of child health
Socio medical determinants of child healthIndramani Mishra
 
Socio medical determinants of child health
Socio medical determinants of child healthSocio medical determinants of child health
Socio medical determinants of child healthIndra Mani Mishra
 
Healthcare Issues for Children.docx
Healthcare Issues for Children.docxHealthcare Issues for Children.docx
Healthcare Issues for Children.docxwrite4
 
Malnutrition Associated With Chronic Disease
Malnutrition Associated With Chronic DiseaseMalnutrition Associated With Chronic Disease
Malnutrition Associated With Chronic DiseaseCollege Paper Help Canada
 
Infant mortality.pdf
Infant mortality.pdfInfant mortality.pdf
Infant mortality.pdfyeabek3
 
Child health problem in India Pediatric Nursing
Child health problem in India Pediatric NursingChild health problem in India Pediatric Nursing
Child health problem in India Pediatric NursingPradeep Bais
 
The Negative Effects Of Malnutrition In African Schools
The Negative Effects Of Malnutrition In African SchoolsThe Negative Effects Of Malnutrition In African Schools
The Negative Effects Of Malnutrition In African SchoolsChelsea Porter
 
2. Mortality & Morbidity.pptx
2. Mortality & Morbidity.pptx2. Mortality & Morbidity.pptx
2. Mortality & Morbidity.pptxtagreedkhalid1
 
HCA450-foodinsecurityFINAL
HCA450-foodinsecurityFINALHCA450-foodinsecurityFINAL
HCA450-foodinsecurityFINALAmber Thomas
 
Malnutrition Is The Most Dangerous Form Of Malnutrition
Malnutrition Is The Most Dangerous Form Of MalnutritionMalnutrition Is The Most Dangerous Form Of Malnutrition
Malnutrition Is The Most Dangerous Form Of MalnutritionMichelle Adams
 
Aids And Child Nutrition In Africa
Aids And Child Nutrition In AfricaAids And Child Nutrition In Africa
Aids And Child Nutrition In Africaalyssan
 
Ch. 2 Comparing Vulnerable GroupsLearning ObjectivesAfter re.docx
Ch. 2 Comparing Vulnerable GroupsLearning ObjectivesAfter re.docxCh. 2 Comparing Vulnerable GroupsLearning ObjectivesAfter re.docx
Ch. 2 Comparing Vulnerable GroupsLearning ObjectivesAfter re.docxcravennichole326
 
2. health problem in india
2. health problem in india2. health problem in india
2. health problem in indiaRajeev Kumar
 

Similar to Child health problems (20)

Socio medical determinants of child health
Socio medical determinants of child healthSocio medical determinants of child health
Socio medical determinants of child health
 
Socio medical determinants of child health
Socio medical determinants of child healthSocio medical determinants of child health
Socio medical determinants of child health
 
Healthcare Issues for Children.docx
Healthcare Issues for Children.docxHealthcare Issues for Children.docx
Healthcare Issues for Children.docx
 
Malnutrition Associated With Chronic Disease
Malnutrition Associated With Chronic DiseaseMalnutrition Associated With Chronic Disease
Malnutrition Associated With Chronic Disease
 
Infant mortality.pdf
Infant mortality.pdfInfant mortality.pdf
Infant mortality.pdf
 
Child health problem in India Pediatric Nursing
Child health problem in India Pediatric NursingChild health problem in India Pediatric Nursing
Child health problem in India Pediatric Nursing
 
Child Malnutrition Essay
Child Malnutrition EssayChild Malnutrition Essay
Child Malnutrition Essay
 
The Negative Effects Of Malnutrition In African Schools
The Negative Effects Of Malnutrition In African SchoolsThe Negative Effects Of Malnutrition In African Schools
The Negative Effects Of Malnutrition In African Schools
 
2. Mortality & Morbidity.pptx
2. Mortality & Morbidity.pptx2. Mortality & Morbidity.pptx
2. Mortality & Morbidity.pptx
 
HCA450-foodinsecurityFINAL
HCA450-foodinsecurityFINALHCA450-foodinsecurityFINAL
HCA450-foodinsecurityFINAL
 
Malnutrition Informative Speech
Malnutrition Informative SpeechMalnutrition Informative Speech
Malnutrition Informative Speech
 
Malnutrition Is The Most Dangerous Form Of Malnutrition
Malnutrition Is The Most Dangerous Form Of MalnutritionMalnutrition Is The Most Dangerous Form Of Malnutrition
Malnutrition Is The Most Dangerous Form Of Malnutrition
 
Malnutrition Paper
Malnutrition PaperMalnutrition Paper
Malnutrition Paper
 
Aids And Child Nutrition In Africa
Aids And Child Nutrition In AfricaAids And Child Nutrition In Africa
Aids And Child Nutrition In Africa
 
Malnutrition Essay
Malnutrition EssayMalnutrition Essay
Malnutrition Essay
 
A Manual of Essential Pediatrics-Meharban Singh
A Manual of Essential Pediatrics-Meharban SinghA Manual of Essential Pediatrics-Meharban Singh
A Manual of Essential Pediatrics-Meharban Singh
 
Child Malnutrition
Child MalnutritionChild Malnutrition
Child Malnutrition
 
TheChangers
TheChangersTheChangers
TheChangers
 
Ch. 2 Comparing Vulnerable GroupsLearning ObjectivesAfter re.docx
Ch. 2 Comparing Vulnerable GroupsLearning ObjectivesAfter re.docxCh. 2 Comparing Vulnerable GroupsLearning ObjectivesAfter re.docx
Ch. 2 Comparing Vulnerable GroupsLearning ObjectivesAfter re.docx
 
2. health problem in india
2. health problem in india2. health problem in india
2. health problem in india
 

More from utpal sharma

Japanese encephalitis epidemiology
Japanese encephalitis epidemiologyJapanese encephalitis epidemiology
Japanese encephalitis epidemiologyutpal sharma
 
Biochemical oxygen demand
Biochemical oxygen demandBiochemical oxygen demand
Biochemical oxygen demandutpal sharma
 
Family its role functions and responsibilities
Family its role functions and responsibilitiesFamily its role functions and responsibilities
Family its role functions and responsibilitiesutpal sharma
 
Sociology introduction
Sociology introductionSociology introduction
Sociology introductionutpal sharma
 
Out break investigation
Out break investigationOut break investigation
Out break investigationutpal sharma
 
School health services
School health servicesSchool health services
School health servicesutpal sharma
 
Healthcare delivery system in india
Healthcare delivery system in indiaHealthcare delivery system in india
Healthcare delivery system in indiautpal sharma
 
Entomology Louse, Bedbugs & Sand fly
Entomology Louse, Bedbugs & Sand flyEntomology Louse, Bedbugs & Sand fly
Entomology Louse, Bedbugs & Sand flyutpal sharma
 
Disaster management
Disaster managementDisaster management
Disaster managementutpal sharma
 
Medical entomology and vector bionomics
Medical entomology and vector bionomicsMedical entomology and vector bionomics
Medical entomology and vector bionomicsutpal sharma
 

More from utpal sharma (20)

Ticks and mites
Ticks and mitesTicks and mites
Ticks and mites
 
Japanese encephalitis epidemiology
Japanese encephalitis epidemiologyJapanese encephalitis epidemiology
Japanese encephalitis epidemiology
 
Nutrition
NutritionNutrition
Nutrition
 
Culture
CultureCulture
Culture
 
Society
SocietySociety
Society
 
Food safety
Food safetyFood safety
Food safety
 
Biochemical oxygen demand
Biochemical oxygen demandBiochemical oxygen demand
Biochemical oxygen demand
 
Social groups
Social groupsSocial groups
Social groups
 
Family its role functions and responsibilities
Family its role functions and responsibilitiesFamily its role functions and responsibilities
Family its role functions and responsibilities
 
Sociology introduction
Sociology introductionSociology introduction
Sociology introduction
 
Out break investigation
Out break investigationOut break investigation
Out break investigation
 
School health services
School health servicesSchool health services
School health services
 
Low birth weight
Low birth weightLow birth weight
Low birth weight
 
Healthcare delivery system in india
Healthcare delivery system in indiaHealthcare delivery system in india
Healthcare delivery system in india
 
Chi square
Chi squareChi square
Chi square
 
Entomology Louse, Bedbugs & Sand fly
Entomology Louse, Bedbugs & Sand flyEntomology Louse, Bedbugs & Sand fly
Entomology Louse, Bedbugs & Sand fly
 
Disaster management
Disaster managementDisaster management
Disaster management
 
ORS
ORSORS
ORS
 
Medical entomology and vector bionomics
Medical entomology and vector bionomicsMedical entomology and vector bionomics
Medical entomology and vector bionomics
 
Mosquitoes
MosquitoesMosquitoes
Mosquitoes
 

Recently uploaded

BENIGN BREAST DISEASE
BENIGN BREAST DISEASE BENIGN BREAST DISEASE
BENIGN BREAST DISEASE Mamatha Lakka
 
Role of Soap based and synthetic or syndets bar
Role of  Soap based and synthetic or syndets barRole of  Soap based and synthetic or syndets bar
Role of Soap based and synthetic or syndets barmohitRahangdale
 
Arthroscopic Surgery in Indore : A Minimally Invasive Guide to Joint Health
Arthroscopic Surgery in Indore : A Minimally Invasive Guide to Joint HealthArthroscopic Surgery in Indore : A Minimally Invasive Guide to Joint Health
Arthroscopic Surgery in Indore : A Minimally Invasive Guide to Joint HealthGokuldas Hospital
 
MedMatch: Your Health, Our Mission. Pitch deck.
MedMatch: Your Health, Our Mission. Pitch deck.MedMatch: Your Health, Our Mission. Pitch deck.
MedMatch: Your Health, Our Mission. Pitch deck.whalesdesign
 
Different drug regularity bodies in different countries.
Different drug regularity bodies in different countries.Different drug regularity bodies in different countries.
Different drug regularity bodies in different countries.kishan singh tomar
 
blood bank management system project report
blood bank management system project reportblood bank management system project report
blood bank management system project reportNARMADAPETROLEUMGAS
 
Neurological history taking (2024) .
Neurological  history  taking  (2024)  .Neurological  history  taking  (2024)  .
Neurological history taking (2024) .Mohamed Rizk Khodair
 
Using Data Visualization in Public Health Communications
Using Data Visualization in Public Health CommunicationsUsing Data Visualization in Public Health Communications
Using Data Visualization in Public Health Communicationskatiequigley33
 
ayurvedic formulations herbal drug technologyppt
ayurvedic formulations herbal drug technologypptayurvedic formulations herbal drug technologyppt
ayurvedic formulations herbal drug technologypptPradnya Wadekar
 
ORAL HYPOGLYCAEMIC AGENTS - PART 2.pptx
ORAL HYPOGLYCAEMIC AGENTS  - PART 2.pptxORAL HYPOGLYCAEMIC AGENTS  - PART 2.pptx
ORAL HYPOGLYCAEMIC AGENTS - PART 2.pptxNIKITA BHUTE
 
Forensic Nursing powerpoint presentation
Forensic Nursing powerpoint presentationForensic Nursing powerpoint presentation
Forensic Nursing powerpoint presentationKavitha Krishnan
 
SGK ĐIỆN GIẬT ĐHYHN RẤT LÀ HAY TUYỆT VỜI.pdf
SGK ĐIỆN GIẬT ĐHYHN        RẤT LÀ HAY TUYỆT VỜI.pdfSGK ĐIỆN GIẬT ĐHYHN        RẤT LÀ HAY TUYỆT VỜI.pdf
SGK ĐIỆN GIẬT ĐHYHN RẤT LÀ HAY TUYỆT VỜI.pdfHongBiThi1
 
CPR.nursingoutlook.pdf , Bsc nursing student
CPR.nursingoutlook.pdf , Bsc nursing studentCPR.nursingoutlook.pdf , Bsc nursing student
CPR.nursingoutlook.pdf , Bsc nursing studentsaileshpanda05
 
AORTIC DISSECTION and management of aortic dissection
AORTIC DISSECTION and management of aortic dissectionAORTIC DISSECTION and management of aortic dissection
AORTIC DISSECTION and management of aortic dissectiondrhanifmohdali
 
A presentation on Thermal gravimetry analysis (TGA)
A presentation on Thermal gravimetry analysis (TGA)A presentation on Thermal gravimetry analysis (TGA)
A presentation on Thermal gravimetry analysis (TGA)1922Jaygohel
 
Unit I herbs as raw materials, biodynamic agriculture.ppt
Unit I herbs as raw materials, biodynamic agriculture.pptUnit I herbs as raw materials, biodynamic agriculture.ppt
Unit I herbs as raw materials, biodynamic agriculture.pptPradnya Wadekar
 
PAIN/CLASSIFICATION AND MANAGEMENT OF PAIN.pdf
PAIN/CLASSIFICATION AND MANAGEMENT OF PAIN.pdfPAIN/CLASSIFICATION AND MANAGEMENT OF PAIN.pdf
PAIN/CLASSIFICATION AND MANAGEMENT OF PAIN.pdfDolisha Warbi
 

Recently uploaded (20)

BENIGN BREAST DISEASE
BENIGN BREAST DISEASE BENIGN BREAST DISEASE
BENIGN BREAST DISEASE
 
Role of Soap based and synthetic or syndets bar
Role of  Soap based and synthetic or syndets barRole of  Soap based and synthetic or syndets bar
Role of Soap based and synthetic or syndets bar
 
Arthroscopic Surgery in Indore : A Minimally Invasive Guide to Joint Health
Arthroscopic Surgery in Indore : A Minimally Invasive Guide to Joint HealthArthroscopic Surgery in Indore : A Minimally Invasive Guide to Joint Health
Arthroscopic Surgery in Indore : A Minimally Invasive Guide to Joint Health
 
MedMatch: Your Health, Our Mission. Pitch deck.
MedMatch: Your Health, Our Mission. Pitch deck.MedMatch: Your Health, Our Mission. Pitch deck.
MedMatch: Your Health, Our Mission. Pitch deck.
 
Different drug regularity bodies in different countries.
Different drug regularity bodies in different countries.Different drug regularity bodies in different countries.
Different drug regularity bodies in different countries.
 
blood bank management system project report
blood bank management system project reportblood bank management system project report
blood bank management system project report
 
Neurological history taking (2024) .
Neurological  history  taking  (2024)  .Neurological  history  taking  (2024)  .
Neurological history taking (2024) .
 
Using Data Visualization in Public Health Communications
Using Data Visualization in Public Health CommunicationsUsing Data Visualization in Public Health Communications
Using Data Visualization in Public Health Communications
 
How to master Steroid (glucocorticoids) prescription, different scenarios, ca...
How to master Steroid (glucocorticoids) prescription, different scenarios, ca...How to master Steroid (glucocorticoids) prescription, different scenarios, ca...
How to master Steroid (glucocorticoids) prescription, different scenarios, ca...
 
ayurvedic formulations herbal drug technologyppt
ayurvedic formulations herbal drug technologypptayurvedic formulations herbal drug technologyppt
ayurvedic formulations herbal drug technologyppt
 
ORAL HYPOGLYCAEMIC AGENTS - PART 2.pptx
ORAL HYPOGLYCAEMIC AGENTS  - PART 2.pptxORAL HYPOGLYCAEMIC AGENTS  - PART 2.pptx
ORAL HYPOGLYCAEMIC AGENTS - PART 2.pptx
 
GOUT UPDATE AHMED YEHIA 2024, case based approach with application of the lat...
GOUT UPDATE AHMED YEHIA 2024, case based approach with application of the lat...GOUT UPDATE AHMED YEHIA 2024, case based approach with application of the lat...
GOUT UPDATE AHMED YEHIA 2024, case based approach with application of the lat...
 
Forensic Nursing powerpoint presentation
Forensic Nursing powerpoint presentationForensic Nursing powerpoint presentation
Forensic Nursing powerpoint presentation
 
SGK ĐIỆN GIẬT ĐHYHN RẤT LÀ HAY TUYỆT VỜI.pdf
SGK ĐIỆN GIẬT ĐHYHN        RẤT LÀ HAY TUYỆT VỜI.pdfSGK ĐIỆN GIẬT ĐHYHN        RẤT LÀ HAY TUYỆT VỜI.pdf
SGK ĐIỆN GIẬT ĐHYHN RẤT LÀ HAY TUYỆT VỜI.pdf
 
CPR.nursingoutlook.pdf , Bsc nursing student
CPR.nursingoutlook.pdf , Bsc nursing studentCPR.nursingoutlook.pdf , Bsc nursing student
CPR.nursingoutlook.pdf , Bsc nursing student
 
Rheumatoid arthritis Part 1, case based approach with application of the late...
Rheumatoid arthritis Part 1, case based approach with application of the late...Rheumatoid arthritis Part 1, case based approach with application of the late...
Rheumatoid arthritis Part 1, case based approach with application of the late...
 
AORTIC DISSECTION and management of aortic dissection
AORTIC DISSECTION and management of aortic dissectionAORTIC DISSECTION and management of aortic dissection
AORTIC DISSECTION and management of aortic dissection
 
A presentation on Thermal gravimetry analysis (TGA)
A presentation on Thermal gravimetry analysis (TGA)A presentation on Thermal gravimetry analysis (TGA)
A presentation on Thermal gravimetry analysis (TGA)
 
Unit I herbs as raw materials, biodynamic agriculture.ppt
Unit I herbs as raw materials, biodynamic agriculture.pptUnit I herbs as raw materials, biodynamic agriculture.ppt
Unit I herbs as raw materials, biodynamic agriculture.ppt
 
PAIN/CLASSIFICATION AND MANAGEMENT OF PAIN.pdf
PAIN/CLASSIFICATION AND MANAGEMENT OF PAIN.pdfPAIN/CLASSIFICATION AND MANAGEMENT OF PAIN.pdf
PAIN/CLASSIFICATION AND MANAGEMENT OF PAIN.pdf
 

Child health problems

  • 1. Child health problems Dr Utpal Sharma Assistant Professor Department of Community Medicine SMIMS, Gangtok, Sikkim
  • 2. Introduction  The main health problems encountered in the child population are Child health problems Low birth weight Malnutrition Infections ParasitosisAccidents Poisoning Behavioural problems
  • 3. Malnutrition  Most widespread condition affecting the child health  The trigger for this undesirable condition are  Scarcity of suitable food  Lack of purchasing power  Beliefs and taboos about food  Documents reveals that malnutrition is the underlying cause of 50% of all deaths amongst the children under 5 years  About 15% of the under 5 children were found to be underweight globally in the year 2006-12  This ranges from 1.4% in the developed countries to 24% in the developing nations
  • 4. Cont….  India reports about 43.5% of the under 5 children to be underweight at present.  About 43% of these were moderate to severely malnourished.  Of this figure 16% have severe malnutrition of which 20% have moderate to severe wasting and 48% moderate to severe stunting  Malnutrition make the child more susceptible to infections with slower recovery leading to higher mortality  Undernourishment hinders the achievement of full potential of physical and mental abilities  Malnutrition in infancy and childhood manifests in the form of micronutrients and vitamin deficiencies and leads to stunting
  • 5. What could be done????  Prevention and treatment of infectious diseases like  Diarrhoea  Measles  And other infections… …..in infancy and childhood reduces malnutrition  Prevention of childhood morbidities breaks the breaks the stubborn vicious cycle of infections and malnutrition  Exclusive breast feeding in first 6 months of life is very important for the same.
  • 7. Protein energy malnutrition  Identified as the major health and nutritional issue in India  More prevalent amongst the weaklings and infants  Characterized by  Low birth weight if the mother is malnourished  Poor growth  And high level of mortality amongst 12-24 months age.  Morbidity in form of PEM is estimated to be the underlying cause of 30% deaths amongst under 5 children
  • 8. Cont…  It is estimated that about 37% of children suffers from stunting in developing nations  Also about 10% children have low weight for height (wasting)  High level of stunting in children suggests the wrath of cumulative effects of undernutrition and infections… ……since birth or before so.  Towering rates of stunting is indicative of bad environment and/or early malnutrition  High frequency of wasting is suggestive of…. ……current severe malnutrition or diseases
  • 9. Micronutrients malnutrition  An estimate of around 2million people suffers from these deficiencies Nutritional anemia  Affects all age groups  Even mild anemia reduces resistance to fatigue  Has profound effect on psychological and physical behaviour Iodine deficiency  Considered as a public health problem when 5% of the school children (6-12 yrs) suffers from goiter  About 1.5 million people are living in environment lacking the mineral  The result is about 30,000 stillbirths and 1.2 lac babies are born mentally retarded, physically stunted, deaf mute or paralyzed each year  Lack of iodine even in children born healthy may result to dullness and apathy
  • 10. Cont…. Vit A deficiency and nutritional blindness  Young children are at greater risk owing to greater requirements and susceptibility to infections  The catastrophe like blinding corneal destruction is seen mostly amongst children 6 months to 6 years  Labeled as the single most frequent cause of blindness amongst pre- school children in developing nations  About 20% of deficient children are at risk of death due to common infections and…. ..around 2% are either blinded or suffers from serious sight impairment  Nutritional deficiencies not only guarantees long and costly treatment due to severe illness but also…. …..influence physical and psychological development and susceptibility to infections
  • 11. Infections and parasitic diseases  A known fact is child may fall sick several times a year however the incidence increase with aggravation in a state of malnutrition  Estimated toll of 4 million deaths is due to respiratory infections in developing nations  Another quarter is attributed to malnutrition and further quarter to measles, pertussis, malaria and HIV/AIDS  In India in 2009, 3480 cases of diptheria, 40,840 cases of measles, 43,697 cases of pertussis and 889 cases of neonatal tetanus was reported... ….along with the hidden burden of intestinal parasitosis.
  • 12. Cont…. Scenario explains the  poor environmental conditions and  paucity of potable drinking water in the country. Prevention and treatment of children’s illness may interrupt transmission of infection in the community The simple and effective measures for prevention and treatment of  Infections and…  Intestinal parasitosis in children…. ….have important long term consequences
  • 13. Accidents and poisoning  Relatively becoming more important child health problems in developing nations  The common events encountered are…  …burns and trauma resultant of home accidents and…  ….Increasingly traffic accidents  Children and young adolescents particularly falls prey to accidents like….  Falls  Burns  Poisoning  Drowning
  • 14. Behavioural problems Children abandoned by their families presents severe, social and health problems Such children are indulged in the behavioural problems and anti-social practice (Delinquent) India alone harbors around 1.5 million such children as estimated by International Union of Child Welfare
  • 15. Other factors affecting child health Maternal health  Child health adversely affected if the mother is…  Malnourished,  Too young (< 18 yrs of age) or too old (> 35yrs of age)  Very frequent pregnancy (<2 yrs gap)  Too many children (> 4 children)  Deprived of basic pregnancy care Family  “Child health” reflects the “family health”  Is an indicator of family’s physical and social environment  It determines the development of speech, personality and intellectual potential of the child  Other factors are family size, relationships, and family stability  Children from bigger families (> 4 children) have greater prevalence of malnutrition and infections
  • 16. Socio-economic circumstances  Physical and intellectual development of the child varies with the socioeconomic status of the family  Under privileged children of same age group are found to  smaller  lighter and  less advanced in psychomotor and intellectual performances… …..compared to the privileged counterparts  Poverty, illiteracy and sickness creates a vicious cycle spanning from one generation to other…. ….leaving behind almost impossible scope of escaping  Differences of health conditions of rich and poor is strikingly obvious, especially amongst the children
  • 17. Environment  After the first week of life, environment plays a major role as determinants of infant and childhood morbidities and mortality  Tetanus infection in newborn takes away a heavy toll in the first few weeks of life.  Diseases like diarrhoea, pneumonia and infections (viral, bacterial and parasites) are extremely common in children exposed to insanitary and hostile environment  The stages of these infections varies according to the ecology, hygiene and epidemiological conditions…. …..and the extend of interaction with them  Insanitary excreta and other waste disposal invites the menace of infections and diseases
  • 18. Cont….  Children develops skills byenvironmental stimulation  Stimulation can be provided by interaction with other people who takes interest and help children develop  Other sources of stimulation are radio, TV and illustrated magazines Social support and health care  Health status of children is notably determined by community and social support measures like….  Creches and day care centres and  Organized health care systems