2. Articulations
Also known as joints, or arthrosis
Point of contact between two bones, or bone and
cartilage
Arthrology
Study of joints
Kinesiology
Study of human body movement
4. Structural classification of Joints
Fibrous
Bones held together by collagen rich fibrous connective
tissue; no synovial cavity
Cartilaginous
Bones held together by cartilage; no synovial cavity
Synovial
Synovial cavity between bones; united by dense irregular
connective tissue, often accessory ligaments too.
5. Fibrous joints
Sutures
Dense connective tissue uniting bones of skull
Syndemosis / Syndemoses
Dense connective tissue unites bones, but more
distance between them
Gomphosis / Gomphoses
Cone shape peg fit in to a socket
8. Cartilaginous joints
Synchondroses
Connecting material is hyaline cartilage
Ex. Epiphysial plate btwn epiphysis and diaphysis of
growing bone
Symphyses
Bones connected by dense flat disc of fibrocartilage
Ex. Pubic symphysis
16. Movement
Not totally free, factors limit movement
Structure of bones
Ligament length and resulting tension
Muscle length, strength and tension
Other structures get in the way
Hormones (relaxin)
Disuse
18. Types of movement
Gliding
Angular
Flexion – decreases angle btwn bones
Extension – increases angle btwn bones
Abduction – mvmnt away from body midline
Adduction – mvmnt toward body midline