4. THE EDUCATIONAL SYSTEM IN THE
PHILIPPINES
• THE SYSTEM OF EDUCATION IN THE PHILIPPINES WAS
PATTERNED, BOTH FROM THE EDUCATIONAL SYSTEMS OF
SPAIN AND THE UNITED STATES. HOWEVER, AFTER THE
LIBERATION OF THE PHILIPPINES IN 1946, THE SYSTEM HAVE
CHANGED RADICALLY AND MOVED AT ITS OWN.
5. THE EDUCATIONAL SYSTEM IN THE
PHILIPPINES
• THE DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION (DEPED) ADMINISTERS
THE WHOLE EDUCATIONAL SYSTEM WHICH INCLUDES THE
ALLOCATION OF FUNDS UTILIZED FOR SCHOOL SERVICES
AND EQUIPMENT (SUCH AS BOOKS, SCHOOL CHAIRS
ETC.), RECRUITMENT OF TEACHERS FOR ALL PUBLIC IN THE
PHILIPPINES, AND THE SUPERVISION AND ORGANIZATION OF
THE SCHOOL CURRICULA.
6. THE EDUCATIONAL SYSTEM IN THE
PHILIPPINES
• THE FORMER EDUCATION SYSTEM OF THE PHILIPPINES IS
COMPOSED OF SIX (6) YEARS OF ELEMENTARY STARTING AT
THE AGE OF 6 OR 7 AND FOUR (4) OF HIGH SCHOOL
EDUCATION STARTING AT THE AGE OF 12 OR 13. IN THIS
SYSTEM, EDUCATION IS NOT COMPULSORY.
7. THE EDUCATIONAL SYSTEM IN THE
PHILIPPINES
• HOWEVER, SINCE JUNE 4, 2012, DEPED STARTED TO
IMPLEMENT THE NEW K TO 12 EDUCATIONAL SYSTEM
WHICH INCLUDES THE NEW CURRICULA FOR ALL SCHOOLS.
IN THIS SYSTEM, EDUCATION IS NOW COMPULSORY.
8. THE EDUCATIONAL SYSTEM IN THE
PHILIPPINES
• ALL PUBLIC AND PRIVATE SCHOOLS IN THE PHILIPPINES
MUST START CLASSES FROM A DATE MANDATED BY THE
DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION (USUALLY EVERY FIRST
MONDAY OF JUNE FOR PUBLIC SCHOOLS ONLY) AND MUST
END AFTER EACH SCHOOL COMPLETES THE 200 DAY
SCHOOL CALENDAR OF DEPED (USUALLY AROUND THE
THIRD WEEK OF MARCH TO THE SECOND WEEK OF APRIL).
13. EDUCATION OF THE ANCIENT EARLY
FILIPINOS
• INFORMAL AND UNSTRUCTURED.
14. EDUCATION OF THE ANCIENT EARLY
FILIPINOS
• THE FATHERS TAUGHT THEIR SONS HOW TO LOOK FOR
FOOD AND OTHER MEANS OF LIVELIHOOD.
15. EDUCATION OF THE ANCIENT EARLY
FILIPINOS
• THE MOTHERS TAUGHT THEIR GIRLS TO DO THE
HOUSEHOLD CHORES.
16. EDUCATION OF THE ANCIENT EARLY
FILIPINOS
• THIS EDUCATION BASICALLY PREPARED THEIR CHILDREN
TO BECOME GOOD HUSBAND AND WIVES.
17. EDUCATION OF THE ANCIENT EARLY
FILIPINOS
• EARLY FILIPINO ANCESTORS VALUED EDUCATION VERY
MUCH.
18. EDUCATION OF THE ANCIENT EARLY
FILIPINOS
• FILIPINO MEN AND WOMEN KNOW HOW TO READ AND WRITE
USING THEIR OWN NATIVE ALPHABET CALLED ALIBATA. THE
ALIBATA WAS COMPOSED OF 17 SYMBOLS REPRESENTING
THE LETTERS OF THE ALPHABET. AMONG THESE
SEVENTEEN SYMBOLS WERE THREE VOWELS AND
FOURTEEN CONSONANTS.
30. REVOLUTIONARY GOVERNMENT
• THE BURGOS INSTITUTE IN MALOLOS, THE MILITARY
ACADEMY OF MALOLOS AND THE LITERARY UNIVERSITY OF
THE PHILIPPINES WERE ESTABLISHED.
34. AMERICAN REGIME
• TAFT COMMISSION AS PER INSTRUCTION OF PRESIDENT
MCKINLEY – FREE PRIMARY INSTRUCTION THAT TRAINED
PEOPLE FOR THE DUTIES OF CITIZENSHIP AND AVOCATION.
47. PHILIPPINE COMMISSION
• THE COMMISSION AUTHORIZED THE SECRETARY OF PUBLIC
INSTRUCTION TO BRING TO THE PHILIPPINES 600 TEACHER
FROM USA. THEY WERE THE THOMASITES.
48. PHILIPPINE COMMISSION
• 1902 – THE HIGH SCHOOL SYSTEM SUPPORTED BY
PROVINCIAL GOVERNMENTS, SPECIAL EDUCATIONAL
INSTITUTIONS, SCHOOL OF ARTS AND TRADES, AN
AGRICULTURAL SCHOOL AND COMMERCE AND MARINE
INSTITUTES WERE ESTABLISHED.
49. PHILIPPINE COMMISSION
• 1908 – THE PHILIPPINE LEGISLATURE APPROVED ACT NO.
1870 CREATED THE UNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINES.
57. JAPANESE REGIME
• FEBRUARY 27, 1945 – THE DEPARTMENT OF INSTRUCTION
WAS MADE PART OF THE DEPARTMENT OF PUBLIC
INSTRUCTION
58. JAPANESE REGIME
THE GOVERNMENT MADE SOME CHANGES IN THE SYSTEM
OF EDUCATION IN FEBRUARY, 1942. THESE CHANGES WERE:
• TO STOP DEPENDING ON WESTERN COUNTRIES LIKE THE
U.S., AND GREAT BRITAIN. PROMOTE AND ENRICH THE FILIPINO
CULTURE.
• TO RECOGNIZE THAT THE PHILIPPINES IS A PART OF THE
GREATER EAST ASIA CO-PROSPERITY SPHERE SO THAT THE
PHILIPPINES AND JAPAN WILL HAVE GOOD RELATIONS.
• TO BE AWARE OF MATERIALISM TO RAISE THE MORALITY OF THE
FILIPINOS.
• TO LEARN AND ADOPT NIPPONGO AND TO STOP USING THE
ENGLISH LANGUAGE.
• TO SPREAD ELEMENTARY AND VOCATIONAL EDUCATION.
66. DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION
• EO NO. 117 – DECS STRUCTURE REMAINED UNCHANGED
UNTIL 1994 WHEREIN CHED (COMMISSION ON HIGHER
EDUCATION) AND TESDA (TECHNICAL EDUCATION AND
SKILLS DEVELOPMENT AUTHORITY) SUPERVISE TERTIARY
DEGREE PROGRAMS AND NON-DEGREE TECHNICAL –
VOCATIONAL PROGRAMS RESPECTIVELY.
70. TRIFOCAL EDUCATION SYSTEM
• DECS (DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION, CULTURE AND
SPORTS) – ELEMENTARY, SECONDARY AND NON-FORMAL
EDUCATION INCLUDING CULTURE AND SPORTS
72. RA 9155
• DECS (DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION, CULTURE AND
SPORTS) WAS RENAMED TO DEPED DEFINING THE ROLE OF
FIELD OFFICES (REGIONAL, DIVISION, DISTRICT OFFICES
AND SCHOOLS)
73. RA 9155
• PROVIDES THE OVERALL FRAMEWORK FOR (I) SCHOOL
HEAD EMPOWERMENT BY STRENGTHENING THEIR
LEADERSHIP ROLES (II) SCHOOL – BASED MANAGEMENT
WITHIN THE CONTEXT OF TRANSPARENCY AND LOCAL
ACCOUNTABILITY, GOAL TO BASIC EDUCATION: PROVIDE
THE SCHOOL AGE POPULATION AND YOUNG ADULTS WITH
SKILLS, KNOWLEDGE AND VALUES TO BECOME
CARING, SELF – RELIANT, PRODUCTIVE AND PATRIOTIC
CITIZENS.
75. EDUCATIONAL SYSTEM IN THE PRESENT
PERIOD
• PHILIPPINE EDUCATION IS PATTERNED AFTER THE
AMERICAN SYSTEM, WITH ENGLISH AS THE MEDIUM OF
INSTRUCTION.
76. EDUCATIONAL SYSTEM IN THE PRESENT
PERIOD
• SCHOOLS ARE CLASSIFIED INTO PUBLIC (GOVERNMENT) OR
PRIVATE (NON-GOVERNMENT).
77. EDUCATIONAL SYSTEM IN THE PRESENT
PERIOD
• THE GENERAL PATTERN OF FORMAL EDUCATION FOLLOWS
FOUR STAGES:
1. PRE-PRIMARY LEVEL (NURSERY, KINDERGARTEN AND
PREPARATORY) OFFERED IN MOST PRIVATE SCHOOLS;
2. SIX YEARS OF PRIMARY EDUCATION,
3. FOLLOWED BY FOUR YEARS OF SECONDARY EDUCATION.
4. COLLEGE EDUCATION USUALLY TAKES FOUR, SOMETIMES
FIVE AND IN SOME CASES AS IN MEDICAL AND LAW
SCHOOLS, AS LONG AS EIGHT YEARS.
78. EDUCATIONAL SYSTEM IN THE PRESENT
PERIOD
• GRADUATE SCHOOLING IS AN ADDITIONAL TWO OR MORE
YEARS.
79. EDUCATIONAL SYSTEM IN THE PRESENT
PERIOD
• CLASSES IN PHILIPPINE SCHOOLS START IN JUNE AND END
IN MARCH.
80. EDUCATIONAL SYSTEM IN THE PRESENT
PERIOD
• COLLEGES AND UNIVERSITIES FOLLOW THE SEMESTRAL
CALENDAR FROM JUNE-OCTOBER AND NOVEMBER-MARCH.
81. EDUCATIONAL SYSTEM IN THE PRESENT
PERIOD
• THERE ARE A NUMBER OF FOREIGN SCHOOLS WITH STUDY
PROGRAMS SIMILAR TO THOSE OF THE MOTHER COUNTRY.
82. EDUCATIONAL SYSTEM IN THE PRESENT
PERIOD
• AN OVERALL LITERACY RATE WAS ESTIMATED AT 95.9
PERCENT FOR THE TOTAL POPULATION IN 2003, 96 % FOR
MALES AND 95.8 % FOR FEMALES.
84. FORMAL EDUCATIONAL SYSTEM IN THE
PHILIPPINES
FORMAL EDUCATION IN THE PHILIPPINES FOLLOWS THE
EDUCATIONAL LADDER OF 6 + 4 + 4 STRUCTURE (I.E. SIX
YEARS OF ELEMENTARY EDUCATION, FOUR YEARS OF
SECONDARY EDUCATION AND FOUR YEARS OF HIGHER
EDUCATION FOR A DEGREE PROGRAM), EXCEPT FOR SOME
HIGHER EDUCATION PROGRAMS WHICH REQUIRE A LONGER
PERIOD OF STUDY TO COMPLETE A DEGREE, COVERING A
TOTAL OF 14 YEARS FOR ELEMENTARY, SECONDARY AND
TERTIARY EDUCATION.
85. FORMAL EDUCATIONAL SYSTEM IN THE
PHILIPPINES
STRUCTURE OF FORMAL
EDUCATION
FORMAL
EDUCATION
AGE OF STUDENT NUMBER OF
YEARS
LEVELS
Elementary
(Grade School)
6 to 11 years old 6 Grade 1 to 6 (Public)
Grade 1 to 7
(for some private
schools)
Secondary
(High School)
12 to 15 years old 4 1st, 2nd, 3rd and 4th year
Tertiary
(College or University)
16 – 20 or 21 years old 4 to 5 1st, 2nd, 3rd and to 4th
or 5th year
86. FORMAL EDUCATIONAL SYSTEM IN THE
PHILIPPINES
• PRESCHOOL EDUCATION
PRESCHOOL EDUCATION IS OPTIONAL FOR CHILDREN 3 TO 4
YEARS OLD; SOME PRIVATE ORGANIZATIONS AND SOME PUBLIC
SCHOOLS OFFER NURSERY, KINDERGARTEN AND PREPARATORY
CLASSES. THIS IS NOT PREREQUISITE FOR ENTRANCE TO GRADE ONE
FOR THE ELEMENTARY LEVEL BUT MOST OF THE PRIVATE SCHOOLS
REQUIRE PRESCHOOL OF KINDERGARTEN EDUCATION BEFORE
ADMISSION. ON THE OTHER HAND, ELEMENTARY EDUCATION IS
REQUIRED FOR CHILDREN SIX TO ELEVEN YEARS OLD AND SOME
PRIVATE EXCLUSIVE SCHOOLS OFFER SEVEN YEARS OF ELEMENTARY
EDUCATION.
87. FORMAL EDUCATIONAL SYSTEM IN THE
PHILIPPINES
• ELEMENTARY LEVEL
ELEMENTARY LEVEL PROVIDES BASIC EDUCATION
TRADITIONALLY UNTIL THE SIXTH GRADE WHILE OTHER SCHOOLS
OFFER UNTIL THE SEVENTH. IT IS DIVIDED INTO TWO CATEGORIES:
PRIMARY LEVEL WHICH COVERS FIRST TO FOURTH GRADES AND THE
INTERMEDIATE LEVEL WHICH COVERS FIFTH TO SIXTH GRADE OR UNTIL
THE SEVENTH GRADE.
88. FORMAL EDUCATIONAL SYSTEM IN THE
PHILIPPINES
• SECONDARY LEVEL
THE SECONDARY LEVEL COVERS A PERIOD OF FOUR
YEARS WHICH INCLUDES LEARNING AND TRAINING IN BASIC
EMPLOYABLE SKILLS.
STUDENTS RECEIVE A CERTIFICATE OF GRADUATION OR
DIPLOMA FOR THE SUCCESSFUL COMPLETION OF
ELEMENTARY AND SECONDARY EDUCATION. BOTH LEVELS
ARE PREREQUISITES FOR PURSUING TERTIARY EDUCATION.
89. FORMAL EDUCATIONAL SYSTEM IN THE
PHILIPPINES
• TERTIARY LEVEL
TERTIARY EDUCATION PROVIDE COURSES OF STUDIES
GEARED TOWARDS DEGREES IN ACADEMIC/TECHNICAL
DISCIPLINES AND PROFESSIONS. IT COVERS A WIDE SCOPE
OF CURRICULUM FROM TECHNICAL/VOCATIONAL TO
PROFESSIONAL DEGREE PROGRAMS. THE
TECHNICAL/VOCATIONAL PROGRAM IS USUALLY TAKEN
BETWEEN ONE TO THREE YEARS OF SCHOOLING WHILE
PROFESSIONAL DEGREE PROGRAMS REQUIRES FOUR TO
FIVE YEARS OF SCHOOLING.
91. BATAS PAMBANSA 232
CHAPTER 1
PRELIMINARY MATTERS
• SECTION 1. TITLE - THIS ACT SHALL BE KNOWN AS THE
"EDUCATION ACT OF 1982."
• SECTION 2. COVERAGE - THIS ACT SHALL APPLY TO AND
GOVERN BOTH FORMAL AND NON-FORMAL SYSTEMS IN
PUBLIC AND PRIVATE SCHOOLS IN ALL LEVELS OF THE
ENTIRE EDUCATIONAL SYSTEM
92. BATAS PAMBANSA 232
III. THE EDUCATIONAL SYSTEMS
CHAPTER 1
FORMAL EDUCATION
• SECTION 19. DECLARATION OF POLICY. - THE STATE
RECOGNIZES THAT FORMAL EDUCATION, OR THE SCHOOL
SYSTEM, IN SOCIETY'S PRIMARY LEARNING SYSTEM, AND
THEREFORE THE MAIN INSTRUMENT FOR THE
ACHIEVEMENT OF THE COUNTRY'S EDUCATIONAL GOALS
AND OBJECTIVES.
93. BATAS PAMBANSA 232
• SECTION 20. DEFINITION - "FORMAL EDUCATIONAL" REFERS
TO THE HIERARCHICALLY STRUCTURED AND
CHRONOLOGICALLY GRADED LEARNING ORGANIZED AND
PROVIDED BY THE FORMAL SCHOOL SYSTEM AND FOR
WHICH CERTIFICATION IS REQUIRED IN ORDER FOR THE
LEARNER TO PROGRESS THROUGH THE GRADES OR MOVE
TO HIGHER LEVELS. FORMAL EDUCATION SHALL
CORRESPOND TO THE FOLLOWING LEVELS:
• 1. ELEMENTARY EDUCATION. - THE FIRST STAGE OF
COMPULSORY, FORMAL EDUCATION PRIMARILY
CONCERNED WITH PROVIDING BASIC EDUCATION AND
USUALLY CORRESPONDING TO SIX OR SEVEN
94. BATAS PAMBANSA 232
• 2. SECONDARY EDUCATION. - THE STATE OF FORMAL
EDUCATION FOLLOWING THE ELEMENTARY LEVEL
CONCERNED PRIMARILY WITH CONTINUING BASIC
EDUCATION AND EXPANDING IT TO INCLUDE THE LEARNING
OF EMPLOYABLE GAINFUL SKILLS, USUALLY
CORRESPONDING TO FOUR YEARS OF HIGH SCHOOL.
• 3. TERTIARY EDUCATION. - POST SECONDARY SCHOOLING
IS HIGHER EDUCATION LEADING TO A DEGREE IN A SPECIFIC
PROFESSION OR DISCIPLINE.
95. BATAS PAMBANSA 232
• SECTION 21. OBJECTIVES OF ELEMENTARY EDUCATION -
THE OBJECTIVES OF ELEMENTARY EDUCATION ARE:
• 1. TO PROVIDE THE KNOWLEDGE AND DEVELOP THE
SKILLS, ATTITUDES, AND VALUES ESSENTIAL TO PERSONAL
DEVELOPMENT AND NECESSARY FOR LIVING IN AND
CONTRIBUTING TO A DEVELOPING AND CHANGING SOCIAL
MILIEU;
96. BATAS PAMBANSA 232
• 2. TO PROVIDE LEARNING EXPERIENCES WHICH INCREASE
THE CHILD'S AWARENESS OF AND RESPONSIVENESS TO
THE CHANGES IN AND JUST DEMANDS OF SOCIETY AND TO
PREPARE HIM FOR CONSTRUCTIVE AND EFFECTIVE
INVOLVEMENT;
• 3. TO PROMOTE AND INTENSIFY THE CHILD'S KNOWLEDGE
OF, IDENTIFICATION WITH, AND LOVE FOR THE NATION AND
THE PEOPLE TO WHICH HE BELONGS; AND
• 4. TO PROMOTE WORK EXPERIENCES WHICH DEVELOP THE
CHILD'S ORIENTATION TO THE WORLD OF WORK AND
CREATIVITY AND PREPARE HIMSELF TO ENGAGE IN HONEST
97. BATAS PAMBANSA 232
• SECTION 22. OBJECTIVES OF SECONDARY EDUCATION. -
THE OBJECTIVES OF SECONDARY EDUCATION ARE:
• 1. TO CONTINUE TO PROMOTE THE OBJECTIVES OF
ELEMENTARY EDUCATION; AND
• 2. TO DISCOVER AND ENHANCE THE DIFFERENT APTITUDES
AND INTERESTS OF THE STUDENTS SO AS TO EQUIP HIM
WITH SKILLS FOR PRODUCTIVE ENDEAVOR AND/OR
PREPARE HIM FOR TERTIARY SCHOOLING.
98. BATAS PAMBANSA 232
• SECTION 23. OBJECTIVE OF TERTIARY EDUCATION. - THE
OBJECTIVES OF TERTIARY EDUCATION ARE:
• 1. TO PROVIDE A GENERAL EDUCATION PROGRAM THAT
WILL PROMOTE NATIONAL IDENTITY, CULTURAL
CONSCIOUSNESS, MORAL INTEGRITY AND SPIRITUAL VIGOR;
• 2. TO TRAIN THE NATION'S MANPOWER IN THE SKILLS
REQUIRED FOR NATIONAL DEVELOPMENT;
99. BATAS PAMBANSA 232
• 3. TO DEVELOP THE PROFESSIONS THAT WILL PROVIDE
LEADERSHIP FOR THE NATION; AND
• 4. TO ADVANCE KNOWLEDGE THROUGH RESEARCH WORK
AND APPLY NEW KNOWLEDGE FOR IMPROVING THE
QUALITY OF HUMAN LIFE AND RESPONDING EFFECTIVELY
TO CHANGING SOCIETAL NEEDS AND CONDITIONS.
100. REFERENCE
• BATAS PAMBANSA 232 – THE EDUCATION ACT OF 1982
• NOLLEDO, JOSE N. THE EDUCATION ACT OF THE PHILIPPINES
ANNOTATED WITH RELATED LAWS, ISSUANCES AND OTHER
MATERIALS, NATIONAL BOOKSTORE, MANDALUYONG CITY, 2004, PP. 14
-16
• HISTORY OF EDUCATION IN CARDONA, 2011, PP. 5 - 7
• AZARCON, MARIVIC B. THE EDUCATIONAL COMMUNITY (TOPICAL
REPORT), 2012, PP. 1 -3
• HTTP://EN.WIKIPILIPINAS.ORG/INDEX.PHP?TITLE=FORMAL_EDUCATIO
N_IN_THE_PHILIPPINES
• HTTP://WWW.TCMC.EDU.PH/COURSES/GRADUATE-STUDIES/
• WWW.GOOGLE.COM/IMAGES