parasitology trichinellosis trichinella cyst

1. TRICHINELLA SPIRALIS

4. Trichinella spiralis
• Common name: Trichina worm
• Tissue nematode
• Cause: Trichinosis

5. Trichinella spiralis
• Trichos – ella – spiralis
• Europe & America ; much less in tropics &
Oriental countries
• In India- 1996-punjab

6. Trichinella spiralis- Habitat
• Mucosa of small intestine of pig, rat,
bear , & man
• Striated muscles- Encysted larvae
• No free-living forms

7. Trichinella spiralis- Morphology
Claspers
(Clasping
papillae )

10. Trichinella spiralis-Morphology
• Thin & pointed anterior half of body?
• Pair of Claspers at posterior end?
• Viviparous?
• Life span?

11. Trichinella spiralis- Larvae

12. Trichinella spiralis-Trichinella cyst

13. Trichinella spiralis-Trichinella cyst

14. Trichinella spiralis- cyst & larvae

15. Trichinella spiralis-Trichinella cyst
• Shape?
• Formed by?
• Why preferentially in
diaphragm,biceps,muscles of
jaw,extraocular muscles,neck & lower
back?
• Position? Importance?
• Fate?

16. Trichinella spiralis-Life cycle

17. Trichinella spiralis-Life cycle

18. Trichinella spiralis-Life cycle
• How many host?
• Man?
• Infective form?
• Mode of infection?
• Nurse cell?

19. Trichinella spiralis-Pathogenesis
• First stage

20. Trichinella spiralis-Clinical features
• First stage

21. Trichinella spiralis-Pathogenesis
• Second stage

22. Trichinella spiralis-Clinical features
• Second stage

23. Trichinella spiralis-Clinical features

24. Trichinella spiralis-Pathogenesis
• Final stage

25. Trichinella spiralis-Clinical features
• Final stage

26. Trichinella spiralis-Diagnosis

27. Trichinella spiralis-Diagnosis
DIRECT METHODS

28. Trichinella spiralis-Diagnosis
INDIRECT METHODS
• HISTORY
• Eating pork 2 weeks earlier
• Recent –gasteroenteritis
• BLOOD EXAMINATION
• Eosinophilia (20-95%)

30. Trichinella spiralis-Diagnosis
INDIRECT METHODS
• SEROLOGY
• Hypergammaglobinemia-IgE
• ELISA-Confirmatory test: TSL-1 secreting
antigens
• Bentonite flocculation test
• Latex fixation test

31. Trichinella spiralis-Diagnosis
INDIRECT METHODS
• Bachman intradermal test
• 1:5000 or 1:10000 dilution of larval antigen
• Wheel-15 to 20 minutes

32. Trichinella spiralis-Diagnosis
INDIRECT METHODS
• Radiological examination-calcified cysts
• Molecular methods- PCR

33. Trichinella spiralis-Treatment
• Mild cases: supportive treatment

34. Trichinella spiralis-Treatment
• Moderate cases
• Albendazole-BID
• 8days
Or
momendazole

35. Trichinella spiralis-Treatment
• Severe cases
• Add Glucocorticoids-Prednisolone

36. Trichinella spiralis-Prophylaxis

37. Trichinella spiralis-Prophylaxis

38. TRICHINELLA SPIRALIS- KEY POINTS
• Smallest nematode
• Host- optimum & alternative
• Viviparous
• Infective form
• Muscles commoly involved
• Pathogenesis & clinical features
• Diagnosis & treatment