1. Bundle Strength of Both Optimum Pretreated Fiber Samples
Sample code Bundle strength
(grams per tex)
Untreated fiber 36
CF 29
EF 31
CF : Conventionally treated fiber sample
EF : Enzymatically treated fiber sample
bundle strength of enzyme treated sample is higher compare to conventional
treated sample.
Because of conventionally treated samples are removed high much amount of
non cellulosic impurities and also high amount of cementing material on
bamboo fiber which give a strength of bamboo fiber.
2. COMPARISTION 0F CONVENTIONAL OPTIMUM
PRETREATED SAMPLE & ENZYME OPTIMUM
PRETREATED SAMPLE.
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
CONVENTIONAL
OPTIMUM PRETREATED
SAMPLE
ENZYME OPTIMUM
PRETREATED SAMPLE.
v
a
ri
a
b
le
u
n
it
s
3. PRE-DYEING SPECIAL TREATMENTS
EFFECT OF BIO-SOFT (CELLULASE) ENZYME ON PERCENTAGE WEIGHT LOSS
REDUCTIONS IN PERCENTAGE WEIGHT LOSS DUE TO THE CONCENTRATION OF CELLULA
ENZYME
Sample code Cellulase
Conc. (owf%)
% Weight
loss
CC1 6 4.19
CC2 9 6.25
CC3 15 5.71
EC1 6 5.53
EC2 9 6.58
EC3 15 5.89
CC :- Conventionally and cellulase treated sample,
EC:- Enzymatically and cellulase treated sample
0
2
4
6
8
6 9 15
% Weight loss
Conc. of cellulase enzyme
Effect of conc. on % weight loss EC1
EC2
EC3
CC1
4. Effect of Cellulase Enzyme at Particular Concentration on
Percentage Weight Loss
Sample code
Cellulase Conc.
(%)
% Weight loss
CFC 6 4.21
EFC 6 5.58
CFC : Conventionally and cellulase treated fiber
sample,
EFC : Enzymatically and cellulase treated fiber sample
Increased concentration of cellulase enzyme % weight loss also increased but their
limitation is the higher concentration of cellulase enzyme was not produced higher
weight loss in same treatment condition. Because of the saturation point will
produced at higher condition the enzymes are does not work and not action on
cellulose substrate
• weight loss were found to be in the similar trend on per fabric subtract. Also the
minimum weight loss in the range of 4.21 and 5.58 % was obtained in case of bamboo
fibre at almost similar treatment conditions
5. Effect of Microwave at Different Power on Percentage Weight Loss
Reductions in % Weight Loss Due to the Microwave Power
Sample code no. Microwave Power
(Watt)
% Weight loss
CM1 80 0.34
CM2 105 0.65
CM3 130 0.90
EM1 80 0.45
EM2 105 0.74
EM3 130 0.93
CM:- Conventionally and microwave treated fabric sample,
EM:- Enzymatically and microwave treated fabric sample
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
80 105 130
% Weight loss
Microwave Power in (Watt)
CM1
CM2
CM3
EM1
EM2
EM3
6. Effect of Microwave at 130 Watt Power on Percentage Weight Loss
Increased of microwave power simantounously weight loss also
increased. % Weight loss is minimum occur in conventionally
treated samples because of harness of fiber their produced in the
conventional pretreatment which resist the microwave radiation
into penetrate, and reflected of microwave radiation on to the
fiber
Sample code Microwave Power (Watt) % Weight loss
CFM 130 0.90
EFM 130 0.93
CFM: Conventionally and microwave treated fibre sample
EFM: Enzymatically and microwave treatedfibre sample
8. Dyeabilitiy of Bamboo Fabric Dyed With Henna Dye
Sample
code no.
Cellulase conc.
(%)
Microwave
Power
( Watt)
K/S value
C7 ---- ---- 1.5266
E17 ---- ---- 2.0120
CC1 6 ---- 3.8231
CC2 9 ---- 3.9221
CC3 15 ---- 4.1223
EC1 6 ---- 6.0340
EC2 9 ---- 6.1026
EC3 15 ---- 6.3111
CM1 ---- 80 4.1180
CM2 ---- 105 4.5085
CM3 ---- 130 5.0280
EM1 ---- 80 5.0456
EM2 ---- 105 5.0312
EM3 ---- 130 5.4221
k/s value is lower in the conventional pretreated sample. K/S value is higher in the enzymatic pretreated sample
because of enzyme treatment decreased the scattering coefficient, thus increasing K/S values of pretreated samples.
In addition, attack on the accessible and amorphous areas as well as crystallite surfaces by the enzymatic action might
consequently developed additional accessible regions to dye thereby enhancing the dyeability of the pretreated fabrics
9. Dyeability of Selected Dyed Fabric Samples
Dyeabilitiy of Bamboo Fibre Dyed with Turmeric Dye
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
C7 E17 CC3 CM3 EM3 EC3
K/S value
Sample code
Henna
Turmeric
Sample code Cellulase conc.
(%)
Microwave
Power ( Watt)
K/S value
CF ---- --- 1.8066
EF ---- --- 2.4120
CCF 15 --- 6.9020
EMF --- 130 6.7441
10. FASTNESS PROPERTIES OF OPTIMUM SAMPLE
Fastness Properties of Selected Sample Dyed With Turmeric
Dye
Sample code Washing fastness Rubbing fastness
Dry Wet
Light fastness
C7 2 3 3-2 3
E17 2-3
3-4
2 3
CC3 2-3 3-4 3 3
CM3 2-3 3-4 3 3-4
EC3 3 4 3-4 3
EM3 3 4 3-4 4
Reference:- Umbreen saima, Ali shaukat, Hussai Tanveer and Nawaz
Rakhshanda.ʽʽDyeing properties of natural dyes extracted from turmeric & their
comparison with reactive dyeing.RJTA.2008;12:4.
11. washing fastness of turmeric dye is found in range of 2-3.Such
washing fastness can be attributed to phenolic groups present in
curcumin. Soda ash, used in washing fastness testing, reacts with
curcumin phenolic groups; forming curcumin salt .It is more
soluble in water and washed from the fabric easily
Poor washing fastness of turmeric natural dye is due to weak bond
between natural dye & fiber, Change in hue due to the breaking of
the dye-metal complex during washing, Ionization of natural dyes
during alkaline washing
But the fastness properties can be improved to acceptable range by
proper after treatment where well established. That work can be
further carried out in future.
12. Moderate light fastness can be attributed to the inherent
susceptibility of turmeric dye chromophore to
photochemical oxidation this due to direct expore to sun
light
The rubbing fastness of turmeric dye is found in range of 2-4.
It is clearly indicate that good dry and wet rubbing fastness of
dyed with turmeric natural dye.
13. SUBJECTIVE ASSESSMENT TO ALOE GEL EXTRACT
FINISHING TREATMENT
Subjective Assessment of Selected Samples
Hand Feel Rating
5% conc. Of
aloe vera extract
10 % conc. Of
aloe vera extract
Persons 1 2 3 4 5 1 2 3 4 5
Sample code
.
CC 1 2 2 1 2 3 4 3 4 4
C7 3 4 3 3 4 4 3 4 2 4
E17 4 3 4 3 4 4 5 3 5 5
EC3 4 5 4 4 3 3 5 5 4 5
CC :- Cotton RFD fabric sample
C7:- Conventionally pretreated ,dyed and finished sample
E17:- Enzymatically pretreated, dyed and finished sample
EC3:- Enzymes pretreated, cellulase treated, dyed and finished sample
14. 5% conc. of aloe vera gel gives faire to good rating and 10%
conc. of aloe vera extract gives excellent to good rating
accordingly subjective assessment of five persons. So the
optimum result is consider of 10% conc. of aloe vera extract.
aloe vera gel contains lignin, saponins, sterols, salicylic acid
this substance are responsible for softness.
Bamboo fiber has a basic round surface which makes it very
smooth and to fit perfectly next to the skin. It is softer than
cotton, with a texture similar to a blend of cashmere and silk.
15. EFFECT OF NATURAL FINISHING TREATMENT ON
PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
Physical Properties of Selected Samples
Sample
code
Crease recovery angle
º(degree)
Bending length
(cm)
Before
finishing
After finishing Before
finishing
After
finishing
5%
Conc.
10 %
Conc.
5%
Conc.
10 %
Conc.
CC 95 84 77 1.90 1.50 1.40
C7 89 72 64 1.39 1.25 1.10
E17 78 75 59 1.20 1.09 1.05
EC3 69 60 43 1.16 1.04 0.90
CC :- Cotton RFD fabric C7:- Conventionally pretreated ,dyed and finished
sample
E17:- Enzymatically pretreated, dyed and finished sample
EC3:- Enzymes pretreated, cellulasetreated, dyed and finished sample
16. Crease recovery angle and bending length is higher in cotton
RFD fabric because of cristalinity region is higher than
amorphous region compared to bamboo fabric. Bending
length and crease recovery angle is higher so fabric becomes
stiffer.
Crease recovery angle and bending length is reduced
drastically conventionally pretreated samples because of
pretreatment process removed of non cellulosic impurities
which reduced harshness of fabric.
The reduction in bending length of mixed enzyme treated
fabric sample clearly shows that this treatment improves the
fabric handle. The bending rigidity of the fabric depends upon
the bending rigidity of threads and the mobility of the
warp/weft within the fabric
17. After finishing treatment bending length and crease
recovery angle reduced because of deposition of aloe vera
extract on the surface of fibre which reduced inter fibre
friction and lead to a lower bending length
Bending length and crease recovery angle lower in 10%
conc. of aloe vera extract so we select all of above sample
which treated with 10% aloe vera extract.
18. ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY TEST RESULTS
Antimicrobial Activity of Treated Samples
Sample
code
Zone of inhibition “W” (mm)
Staphylococcus aureus
(Gram positive organism)
Eschericha coli
(Gram negative organism)
Before
finishing
After
finishing
Before
finishing
After finishing
CC 0.00 4.10 0.00 3.80
C7 5.00 9.20 5.00 8.00
E17 5.15 9.35 5.15 8.20
EC3 5.40 9.60 5.40 8.40
CC :- Cotton RFD fabric C7:- Conventionally pretreated and dyed
sample
E17:- Enzymatically pretreated and dyed sample
EC3:- Enzymes pretreated, cellulase treated and dyed sample
19. W = (T – D)/2
Where:
W = width of clear zone of inhibition in mm
T = total diameter of test specimen and clear zone in mm
D = diameter of the test specimen in mm
Photograph of a treatment treated
samples of this test haven been some
how deleted from the system and show
not reported.
21. Antimicrobial Activities against Gram Positive
Organisms
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
CC C7 E17 EC3
Zoneofinhibition“W”(mm)
Sample code
Before finishing
After finishing
22. Antimicrobial Activities against Gram Negative Organism
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
CC C7 E17 EC3
Zoneofinhibition“W”(mm)
Sample code
Before finishing
After finishing
23. compare to cotton bamboo has better antimicrobial properties
even if it without finishing treatment. Antimicrobial
properties increase in all conditions after giving finishing
treatment. Conventional pretreatment, enzymatic
pretreatment and special treatment drastically increased
antimicrobial properties.
Turmeric dye increases antimicrobial properties drastically in
all dyed samples. The antimicrobial properties are higher in all
dyed sample against the gram positive becteria
Stapylococcusaurues (SA).
The significantly narrow inhibition zone around the Optimum
conventional and enzymatic pretreated bamboo fabric
indicates that the antibacterial substances in bamboo may be
water-insoluble and carbohydrates
24. The enzyme pretreated sample was found to have higher
concentration of C=O group when compared to the other
samples. This group produced antimicrobial effect on
bamboo fabric.
The fabric sample dyed with turmeric dye in this dye the
antibacterial substance is curcuminoid.
The fabric sample finished with aloe vera gel in this gel the
antibacterial substance are nthraquinones or phenolic
compounds, lignin, saponins, sterols, salicylic acid. The
increase material antimicrobial activity may be considered as
a cumulative effect of all these factors.
25. ULTRA VIOLET PROTECTION
The ultraviolet protective factor (UPF) is a numerical value which represents
the degree of protection against UV rays provided by clothing. It is defined as
the ratio of the amount of time needed to produce damage on skin protected
with a textile material to the amount of time needed to produce such damage
on unprotected skin.
. The ultraviolet radiation band consists of three regions: UV-A (320 to 400
nm), UV-B (290 to 320 nm), and UV-C (200 to 290 nm).
UV-C is totally absorbed by the atmosphere and does not reach the earth. UV-
A causes little visible reaction on the skin but has been shown to decrease the
immunological response of skin cells. UV-B is most responsible for the
development of skin cancers . The UV radiation transmission, absorption and
reflection are responsible for the UV protection ability of a fabric.
26. UV Transmission Percentage of Various Fabric Sample
Sample code UV-A
(330-400 nm)
UV-B
(280-320 nm)
UPF
Rating
Protection
category
CC 17.40 17.10 ------- No protection
C7 5.00 4.55 18 Good
E17 3.05 2.80 32 Very good
EC3 2.5 2.10 45 Excellent
CC :- Cotton RFD C7:- Conventionally pretreated ,dyed and finished sample
E17:- Enzymatically pretreated, dyed and finished sample
EC3:- Enzymes pretreated, cellulase treated, dyed and finished sample
Cotton fabric have not protect to ultraviolet irradiation compare to
bamboo fabric. Because of count of cotton (warp 2.60 and weft 2.11)
fabric is low and also it is produced higher transmittance of UV rays
compare to bamboo fabric. Conventionally and enzymatic treated
bamboo fabric sample reduced UV transmittance which gives
protection against UV radiation in category of good to very good.
