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1. 3 Future Time
Clauses
Dreams for the
Future
Focus on Grammar 3
Part I, Unit 7
By Ruth Luman, Gabriele Steiner, and BJ Wells
Copyright © 2006. Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

2. Future Dreams 1
I’m going to be an astronaut when I grow up.

3. Future Dreams 2
Before we have a baby,
we’ll buy a bigger house.

4. Future Dreams 3
I won’t quit my job until I win the lottery.

5. Future Dreams 4
After we retire, we’re going to travel.

6. Form
A complex sentence about future time has two
clauses: a main clause and a time clause.
I’m going to be an astronaut when I grow up.
Main Clause Time Clause

7. Main Clause
The verb in the main clause is often in the
future.
MAIN CLAUSE TIME
CLAUSE
Verb
Will or Other
Subject (base
be + going to information
form)
before we
We will buy a house
have a baby.
until he wins
He won’t quit his job
the lottery.
after we
We are going to travel
retire.

8. Time Clause
The verb in the time clause is often in the
present.
TIME CLAUSE MAIN CLAUSE
Time Verb Other
Subject
word ( present) information
we will buy a
Before we have a baby
house.
he won’t quit his
Until he wins the lottery
job.
we are going to
After we retire
travel.

9. Be Careful!
Don’t use will or be going to in the future
time clause.
X
When I will save enough money, I’m going to buy car.
When I save enough money, I’m going to buy a a car.

10. Clause Order 1
Time clauses can come at the beginning or end
of sentences.
I’m going to be an astronaut when I grow up.
Time Clause
Before we have a baby,we’ll buy a bigger house.
Time Clause
Use a comma only when the time clause
begins the sentence.

11. Clause Order 2
When she finishes school, she’ll join the Peace Corps.
Time Clause Main Clause
(present) (future)
I won’t get married until I meet the right person.
Main Clause Time Clause
(future) (present)
As soon as they graduate, they’ll look for a job.
Time Clause Main Clause
(present) (future)

12. Time Expressions 1
when
after
not . . . until
Introduce the
as soon as first event
When they save money, they’ll buy a new car.
now
past future

13. Put the verbs in the correct
Practice 1 tense. Add commas where
necessary.
Example: After he (graduate) ___ he (go) ___ to law school.
After he graduates, he’ll go to law school.
1. They (own) __ a house by the time they (be) ___ married.
They will own a house by the time they are married.
2. She (not/start) __ her own business until she (get) ___ more
experience.
She won’t start her own business until she gets more experience.
3. As soon as he (become) __ manager he (take) __ a vacation.
As soon as he becomes manager, he’s going to take a vacation.

14. Time Expressions 2
before
until
Introduce the
by the time second event
Before he gets married, he’ll find a good job.
now
past future

15. Combine the sentences using
Practice 2 the time word provided. In each
pair, A is the first event.
Example: A. The children will go to college.
B. She will go back to school. [as soon as]
As soon as the children go to college, she’ll go back to
school.
1. A. You will finish your exams.
B. We will (not) celebrate. [until]
We won’t celebrate until you finish your exams.
2. A. My brother will buy a new suit.
B. He will go on an interview. [before]
My brother will buy a new suit before he goes on an interview.
3. A. She will pass the driving test.
B. She will borrow the family car. [after]
After she passes the driving test, she will borrow the family car.

16. References
Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education and
its licensors. All rights reserved.