2. • I believe in God, the Father Almighty,
the Creator of heaven and earth,
and in Jesus Christ, His only Son, our Lord:
Who was conceived of the Holy Spirit,
born of the Virgin Mary,
suffered under Pontius Pilate,
was crucified, died, and was buried.
He descended into hell.
The third day He arose again from the dead.
He ascended into heaven
and sits at the right hand of God the Father Almighty,
whence He shall come to judge the living and the dead.
I believe in the Holy Spirit, the holy catholic church,
the communion of saints,
the forgiveness of sins,
the resurrection of the body,
and life everlasting.
3. The Apostle’s Creed
• I believe in God, the Father Almighty,
the Creator of heaven and earth,
and in Jesus Christ, His only Son, our Lord:
Who was conceived of the Holy Spirit,
born of the Virgin Mary,
suffered under Pontius Pilate,
was crucified, died, and was buried.
He descended into hell.
The third day He arose again from the dead.
He ascended into heaven
and sits at the right hand of God the Father Almighty,
whence He shall come to judge the living and the dead.
I believe in the Holy Spirit, the holy catholic church,
the communion of saints,
the forgiveness of sins,
the resurrection of the body,
and life everlasting.
4. The Apostle’s Creed
• Did the apostles really write it?
• What does it teach?
• Why was it written?
– What purpose did it serve?
– Was it in response to some problem?
5. The Apostle’s Creed
• Did the apostles really write it?
• What does it teach?
• Why was it written?
– What purpose did it serve?
– Was it in response to some problem?
• Increasing number of pagan converts to
Christianity means introduction of many
new ideas
6. Orthodoxy
• ortho = right, true, straight
• doxy = thinking, praise
• heresy = teaching that is contrary
to established, orthodox belief
19. Marcion
• Prosperous business man in mid-100s AD
• Proposed Christian canon that excluded
all Jewish works
• How could God of Hebrew scriptures be
same God who sent Christ to die for us?
23. The Apostle’s Creed
• I believe in God, the Father Almighty,
the Creator of heaven and earth,
and in Jesus Christ, His only Son, our Lord:
Who was conceived of the Holy Spirit,
born of the Virgin Mary,
suffered under Pontius Pilate,
was crucified, died, and was buried.
He descended into hell.
The third day He arose again from the dead.
He ascended into heaven
and sits at the right hand of God the Father Almighty,
whence He shall come to judge the living and the dead.
I believe in the Holy Spirit, the holy catholic church,
the communion of saints,
the forgiveness of sins,
the resurrection of the body,
and life everlasting.
24. Orthodox responses to heresy
• Creed
• The Apostle’s Creed, c. 150AD
– The “Symbol of the faith”
• The means by which you could tell a true believer
from a heretic
– Does not reject the material world
25. Orthodox responses to heresy
• Apostolic succession
– Importance of being able to trace
one’s ministry all the way back to
Jesus’ first followers
• An unbroken line of succession all
the way back to Jesus himself
27. Questions?
• Is there only one true way to
understand what it means to be a
Christian and what you must
believe, or can there be multiple
correct understandings of
Christianity?
28. Questions?
• Is there only one true way to
understand what it means to be a
Christian and what you must
believe, or can there be multiple
correct understandings of
Christianity?
• Why are there so many?
29.
30. Questions?
• Can you think of other ways in
which gnostic beliefs are still
around today?