This document discusses error management in ZIO compared to Future. It begins with an overview of ZIO and Future effects before comparing how each handles errors. Key differences noted are that Future throws errors away on a side channel while ZIO composes errors. The document recommends best practices for error handling in ZIO like extending exceptions in sealed traits and avoiding reflexive logging. It concludes by discussing how ZIO enables next-generation debugging by tracking fibers and continuations during asynchronous execution.