introduction to research

2. MEANING AND
CHARACTERISTICS OF
RESEARCH
Jeff L. Homeres
Instructor

3. Topics:
Meaning of Research
Characteristics of Research
Qualities of a Good Researcher
Characteristics of the Researcher
Man’s Major Needs and Problems Demand Research
Values of Research to Man
Types of Research
Classification of Research
The Variable
Types of Variable
Components of the Research Process

4. Research
• It is the systematic study of trend or event
which involves careful collection, presentation,
analysis and interpretation of quantitative
data or facts that relates man’s thinking with
reality.

5. Topics:
Characteristics of Research
Qualities of a Good Researcher
Characteristics of the Researcher
Man’s Major Needs and Problems Demand Research
Values of Research to Man
Types of Research
Classification of Research
The Variable
Types of Variable
Components of the Research Process

6. Characteristics of Research
1. Empirical – research is based on direct
experience or observation by the researcher.
2. Logical – research is based on valid
procedures and principles.
3. Cyclical – research starts with a problem and
ends with a problem.

7. Characteristics of Research
4. Analytical – research utilizes proven analytical
procedures in gathering data, whether
historical, descriptive, experimental, and case
study.
5. Critical – research exhibits careful and precise
judgment.

8. Characteristics of Research
6. Methodical – research is conducted in a
methodical manner without bias using
systematic method and procedures.
7. Replicability – research design and procedures
are repeated to enable the researcher to arrive
at valid and conclusive results.

9. Topics:
Qualities of a Good Researcher
Characteristics of the Researcher
Man’s Major Needs and Problems Demand Research
Values of Research to Man
Types of Research
Classification of Research
The Variable
Types of Variable
Components of the Research Process

10. Qualities of a Good Researcher
Research Oriented
Efficient
Scientific
Effective
Active
Resourceful
Creative
Honest
Economical
Religious

11. Topics:
Characteristics of the Researcher
Man’s Major Needs and Problems Demand Research
Values of Research to Man
Types of Research
Classification of Research
The Variable
Types of Variable
Components of the Research Process

12. Characteristics of the Researcher
1. Intellectual Curiosity – researcher undertakes
deep thinking and inquiry of the things,
problems, and situations around him.
2. Prudence – researcher is careful to conduct his
study at the right time and at the right place
wisely, efficiently, and economically.

13. Characteristics of the Researcher
3. Healthy Criticism – the researcher is always
doubtful as to the truthfulness of the results.
4. Intellectual Honesty – researcher is honest to
collect or gather the data or facts in order to
arrive at honest results.

14. Characteristics of the Researcher
5. Intellectual creativity – a resourceful
investigator always creates new researches.
He enjoys inventing unique, novel and original
researches, and considers research as his
hobby. (creative researcher is innovative)

15. Topics:
Man’s Major Needs and Problems Demand Research
Values of Research to Man
Types of Research
Classification of Research
The Variable
Types of Variable
Components of the Research Process

16. Man’s Major Needs and Problems Demand
Research
It includes:
• how to reduce his burden of work;
• how to relieve suffering;
• how to increase satisfaction in fulfilling his
needs, cravings and aspirations.

17. Topics:
Values of Research to Man
Types of Research
Classification of Research
The Variable
Types of Variable
Components of the Research Process

18. Values of Research to Man
1. Research Improves quality of life – It has led
man to search for ways for improving
processes and means which man love and find
interesting.

19. Values of Research to Man
2. Research improves instruction – Modern
teacher introduces innovations and integrates
the 3Rs (rational thinking, right conduct, and
research) in all subject areas in his teaching.

20. Values of Research to Man
3. Research improves students’ achievement –
The students’ achievement could be improve if
the modern teacher keeps himself updated on
issues and trends about the modern methods
and strategies in teaching.

21. Values of Research to Man
4. Research improves teachers’ competence –
research oriented teacher always conduct research to
improve his competence and produce graduates who
respond to the socioeconomic development of the
country and can compete with other graduates of the
world.

22. Values of Research to Man
5. Research satisfies man’s needs – modern
facilities that satisfy man’s needs are all
products of research.
6. Research reduces the burden of work

23. Values of Research to Man
7. Research has deep-seated psychological
aspects – It challenges man to get rid of the
danger of stagnation. It is an open door to a
better tomorrow and it guides him in his
efforts to obtain good results which contribute
to his satisfaction and self-fulfilment.

24. Values of Research to Man
8. Research improves the exportation of food
products – Some international research
agencies provide financial support for the
researches in the Philippines.

25. Values of Research to Man
9. Research responds to the economic recovery
and austerity measures of the country –
Research outputs are converted to income
generating projects to train students to earn
while they learn.

26. Values of Research to Man
10. Research trains graduates to become
responsive to the economic development of
the country and compete globally.

27. Topics:
Types of Research
Classification of Research
The Variable
Types of Variable
Components of the Research Process

28. TYPES OF RESEARCH
1. Basic Research – It seeks to discover basic
truths or principles. It is intended to add to the
body of scientific knowledge by exploring the
unknown to extend the boundaries of
knowledge as well as to discover new facts,
and learn more accurately the characteristics
of known without any particular thought as to
immediate practical utility.

29. TYPES OF RESEARCH
2. Applied Research – involves seeking new
applications of scientific knowledge to the
solution of a problem such as the development
of new system or procedure, new device, or
new method, in order to solve the problem.
• Produces knowledge of practical use to man.

30. TYPES OF RESEARCH
3. Developmental research – this is a decision-
oriented research involving the application of
the steps of the scientific method in response
to an immediate need to improve existing
practices.
• If a researcher continues to find practical
applications from theoretical knowledge and
use this existing knowledge to produce useful
products.

31. Topics:
Classification of Research
The Variable
Types of Variable
Components of the Research Process

32. CLASSIFICATION OF RESEARCH
1. Library Research – this is done in the library
where answers to specific questions or
problems of the study are available.
2. Field research – research is conducted in a
natural setting.

33. CLASSIFICATION OF RESEARCH
3. Laboratory research – this is conducted in
artificial or controlled conditions by isolating
the study in a thoroughly specified and
equipped area.

34. Topics:
The Variable
Types of Variable
Components of the Research Process

35. The Variable
defined as a quantity susceptible of fluctuation
or change in value or magnitude under
different conditions.

36. Topics:
Types of Variable
Components of the Research Process

37. Types of Variable
1. Independent Variable – this is the stimulus
variable which is chosen by the researcher to
determine its relationship to an observed
phenomenon.

38. Types of Variable
2. Dependent Variable – this is the response
variable which is observed and measured to
determine the effect of the independent
variable. It changes when independent variable
changes.

39. Types of Variable
3. Moderator Variable – this is a secondary or
special type of independent variable chosen by
the researcher to determine if it changes or
modifies the relationships between the
independent and dependent variables.

40. Types of Variable
4. Control Variable – a variable controlled by the
investigator in which the effects can be
neutralized by eliminating or removing the
variable.
5. Intervening Variable – a variable which
interferes with the independent and
dependent variables, but its effects can either
strengthen or weaken the independent and
dependent variables.

41. Topics:
Components of the Research Process

42. Components of the Research Process

43. THANK YOU…