This document discusses various types of roofs and roofing materials appropriate and inappropriate for the Philippines climate. It begins by defining roofs and their purpose of protecting buildings from weather. Appropriate roof types for the tropical climate include pitch, green, gable, hip, shed, Dutch hip, gambrel and winged roofs. Inappropriate roof types are flat, mansard, butterfly, A-framed, folded plate and curved panel roofs due to drainage problems. Various traditional and modern roofing materials are also discussed such as thatch, tiles, shingles, slate and different types of membranes. Insulation materials to protect the interior from heat are also covered.

1. Republic of the Philippines
TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINES
COLLEGE OF ARCHITECTURE AND FINE ARTS
Ayala Boulevard cor. San Marcelino St., Ermita Manila
ARCHITECTURAL TROPICAL
DESIGN 1
ROOF
PREPARED BY: GROUP 4
BSA-2B

2. WHAT IS THE ROOF?
 Roof is the covering on the uppermost part of a
building. A roof protects the building and its
contents from the effects of weather.
 In most countries a roof protects primarily against
rain. Depending upon the nature of the building, the
roof also protect against heat, against sunlight,
against cold and against wind.
 A residential building in the tropics is designed with
steep roof pitch and wide eaves to keep out the rain.

3. TYPES OF ROOF
APPROPRIATE HERE IN THE PHILIPPINES
 Pitch Roof
 Green Roof
 Gable
 Hip
 Shed
 Dutch Hip
 Gambrel
 Winged

4.  PITCH ROOF

5.  The pitch roof can be appropriate and also
inappropriate. In our tropical country the
steeper the roof the better.

6.  GREEN ROOF

7.  GREEN ROOF

8.  Also known as vegetated roof covers, eco-roofs
or nature roofs. water quality by filtering,
absorbing or detaining rainfall. Green Roofs are
great for the environment.
 Urban greening has long been promoted as an
easy and effective strategy for beautifying the
built environment and increasing investment
opportunity.

10.  GABLE

11.  GABLE
 A gable roof consists of two shed roof structures
joined at the peak forming a ridge line.
 A very popular type of roof. It is easy to build,
sheds water well, provides for ventilation,
and can be applied to most house designs.

12.  HIP

13.  HIP
 A hip roof is a gable roof with angled ends taking
the place of the gable end of the structure.
 Slightly more difficult to build than a gable roof.
It is a popular choice, but does not provide for
ventilation as well as some designs.
 This type of roofing is best for hurricane-prone
areas. And also can take strong winds.

14.  SHED

15.  SHED
 A shed roof is basically a flat roof with a slightly
greater angle allowing for greater runoff. They
are relatively easy to build and inexpensive as
compared to most other roof types. They are
usually used on home extension rooms and
porches.
 It is frequently used for additions or with other
roof styles.

16.  DUTCH HIP
 A Dutch roof design is a hip roof with small gable
ends at the ridge allowing for attic ventilation.

17.  The roof built as a Dutch roof has the
advantage of a smaller gable end and this
can be used for extra ventilation through the
use of a window or louvered vent. Yet
sometimes it is used as
an architectural element alone.

18.  GAMBREL

19.  GAMBREL
 Gambrel roof design is similar to gable
construction With two angles on each side. Steep
lower surfaces and shallow angle top surfaces
allow greater floor space in 1 ½ story
construction.
 The gambrel roof is sometimes called a barn roof
because it has been used extensively on barns. It
provides additional headroom in the attic.

20.  WINGED
 The winged gable is essentially a gable roof,
extended at the peak.
 A long eaves can be hazardous due to strong
winds.

21. TYPES OF ROOF
INAPPROPRIATE HERE IN THE PHILIPPINES
 Flat Roof
 Mansard
 Butterfly
 A-Framed
 Folded Plate
 Curved Panel

22.  FLAT ROOF

23.  Flat roofs have traditionally been used in hot
climates where water accumulation is not a
problem. But since Philippines has a rainy season
using flat roof can give problems.
 A flat roof is not truly flat but angled slightly to
allow for water runoff. It is the cheapest to build
initially but will cost you much more than other
roof types in maintenance costs.

24.  FLAT ROOF
Water pool formed due to poor
workmanship. Can cause leaking.

25.  MANSARD

26.  Mansard roof construction consists of a compound
hip roof design with a lower and upper hip format.
 The mansard roof is a French design and is more
difficult to construct than the hip or gable roof.
 The mansard’s upper roof may accumulate water
and form deterioration and possibly the roof may
collapse due to strong winds and strong rainwater
fall, a maintenance cost that may offset the
economical cost of the Mansard roof construction.

27.  BUTTERFLY

28.  BUTTERFLY
 The butterfly roof is an inverted gable roof
design creating a central valley for runoff. The
design is visually stunning but impractical for
water tightness.
 The butterfly roof is not widely used. It provides
plenty of light and ventilation, but drainage is a
problem.
 A butterfly roof can be advantageous when a
cistern is added.

29.  A-FRAMED
 The A-frame roof provides a roof and walls for
the structure. Is popular for cottages, homes,
churches, and other structures.

30.  Can be advantageous because it can block
sunlight. But it can be disadvantageous
because it can trap heat depending on the
roof material used and orientation of the
structure.

31.  FOLDED PLATE
 The folded plate roof has limited use in single-family
homes. Modular, prefabricated roof units
are available.

32.  CURVED PANEL
 The curved panel roof is similar to the folded
plate roof in style and application. It is available
in prefabricated modules.

33.  Folded plate and curved plate can cause
drainage problems.

34. ROOFING MATERIALS
 Roofing material is the outermost layer on
the roof of a building, sometimes self-supporting,
but generally supported by an
underlying structure. A building's roofing
material provides shelter from the natural
elements, and insulation against heat and cold.
The outer layer of a roof shows great variation
dependent upon availability of material, and the
nature of the supporting structure.

35. ROOFING MATERIALS
 Thatch - roofing made of
plant stalks in overlapping
layers.
 Wheat straw - Widely used
in England, France and other
parts of Europe.
 Seagrass – Has a longer life that
straw.
 Rye straw – Most commonly
used in Europe.

36. ROOFING MATERIALS
 Shingles - the generic term for
a roofing material that is in
many overlapping sections,
regardless of the nature of the
material.
 Red Cedar - Life expectancy is
up to 30 years. High cost.
 Hardwood – Very durable
roofing found in
Colonial Australian architecture.

37. ROOFING MATERIALS
 Slate - High cost with a life
expectancy of up to 200 years.
 Stone Slab - Stone slabs
require a very heavyweight
roof structure, but their weight
makes them stormproof. An
obsolete roofing material, now
used commercially only for
building restoration.

38. ROOFING MATERIALS
 Ceramic tile - High cost, life of
more than 100 years.
 Imbrex and tegula - style dating
back to ancient Greece and
Rome.
 Monk and Nun - a style similar
to Imbrex and tegula, but
basically using two Imbrex tiles.

39. ROOFING MATERIALS
 Copper Sheet - Sheet copper
used as roofing is lighter than
wooden shingles and much
lighter than slate, tile, or lead.
 Metal shakes or shingles - Long
life. High cost, suitable for roofs
of 3/12 pitch or greater. Because
of the flexibility of metal, they
can be manufactured to lock
together, giving durability and
reducing assembly time.

40. ROOFING MATERIALS
 Mechanically seamed metal -
Long life. High cost, suitable for
roofs of low pitch such as 0.5/12
to 3/12 pitch.
 Concrete - usually reinforced
with fibers of some sort.
 Asphalt shingle - Cheaper than
slate or tiles. Various life span
expectancies

41. ROOFING MATERIALS
 Asphalt laminate shingles -
are beginning to replace
traditional asphalt shingles.
Laminates are thicker, heavier,
more wind resistant, and
appear three-dimensional.
 Asbestos shingles - Very long
lifespan, fireproof and low cost
but now rarely used because
of health concerns.

42. ROOFING MATERIALS
 Membrane roofing - Membrane
roofing is in large sheets,
generally fused in some way at
the joints to form a continuous
surface.
 Thermoset membrane (e.g. EPDM
rubber) - Primary application is big
box store with large open areas
 Thermoplastic (e.g. PVC, TPO, CSPE
) - Lends itself well to both big box
and small roof application because
of its hot air weld ability.

43. ROOFING MATERIALS
 Modified bitumen – heat-welded,
asphalt-adhered or installed with
adhesive. Lends itself well to most
applications.
 Built-up roof – Typically covered with a
thick coat of the water-proofing
material and covered with gravel. The
gravel provides protection from ultra-violet
degradation, stabilizes the
temperature changes, protects surface
of the roof and increases the weight of
the roof system to resist wind blow-off.

44. ROOFING MATERIALS
 Metal roofing
 Galvanized steel - frequently
manufactured with wavy corrugations
to resist lateral flexing and fitted with
exposed fasteners. Widely used for low
cost and durability.
 Copper roofs - can last for hundreds
of years. They offer durability, ease
of, fabrication, low maintenance
corrosion resistance, low thermal
movement, lightning protection,
radio frequency shielding, low
lifetime costs, and are 100%
recyclable.

45. ROOF INSULATION
 When the bottom
chord of the truss
extends beyond the
exterior wall,
additional insulation
may be added.

46. ROOF INSULATION

47. ROOF INSULATION MATERIALS
Wood fiber –
 Perlite -
 Polyisocyanurate –
 Expanded Polystyrene -

48. ROOF INSULATION MATERIALS
 Extruded Polystyrene –
 Cellular Glass -
 Gypsum Board

49. SOURCES:
 www.slideshare.com
 www.wikipedia.com
 http://www.greenroofs.org/index.php/about/gre
enroofbenefits
 http://www.whatprice.co.uk/building/building-roofing.
html
 http://www.dreamstime.com/stock-photography-
roof-insulation-image15385082
 http://www.ehow.com/list_6048978_gambrel-roof-
advantages.html

50. SOURCES:
 http://business.inquirer.net/3862/the-pros-and-cons-
of-roofing-materials
 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roofing_materials
 https://www.google.com.ph/search?q=roofing+i
nsulation+philippines&espv=210&es_sm=93&tb
m=isch&tbo=u&source=univ&sa=X&ei=hd0mU-PcKozloASC8oLYAw&
ved=0CDsQsAQ#q=roofing+
philippines&tbm=isch