Clinical teaching is an individualized or group teaching to the nursing student in the clinical area by the nurse educators, staff and clinical nurse manager

1. Clinical Teaching
Prepared by
Ms. Jenisha Adhikari
BSN

2. Content
• Definition
• Purpose
• Principle
• Criteria for clinical teaching
• Difference between class and clinical teaching
• Model of clinical teaching

3. • Factor influencing clinical teaching
• Clinical teaching methods
• Clinical learning cycle
• Role of clinical instructor
• Responsibility of clinical instructor

5. Clinical teaching

6. Definition
Clinical teaching is an individualized
or group teaching to the nursing
student in the clinical area by the
nurse educators, staff and
clinical nurse manager.

7. In preparation of professional practice, the
clinical setting is the place where the students
come in contact with patient or consumer for
the purpose of testing theories and learning
skill

8. • Teaching in clinical setting is a challenge that
is different from those encountered in the class
room
• Like any other skill based profession, nursing
also requires the development of relationship
between theory and practice

9. Defintion
“ Clinical teaching is vehicle that provides
students with opportunity to translate basic
theoretical knowledge into learning of variety
of intellectual and psychomotor skills needed
to provide patient – centered quality nursing
care.”
- Schweer

10. Purpose of clinical teaching
1. To provide individualized care in a
systematic, holistic approach
2. To develop high technical competent skills
3. To practice various procedure
4. To collect and analyze the data

11. Contd…
5. To develop communication skills and maintain
interpersonal relationship
6. To maintain high standard of nursing practice
to become independent enough to practice
nursing
7. To develop, cognitive, affective and
psychomotor skills

12. Contd ….
8. To learn various diagnostic procedures
9. To learn various skill in giving health
education technique to the client
10. To develop proficiency and efficiency in
carrying out various procedure

13. Principles of clinical teaching
• Clinical education should reflect the nature of
professional practice
• Clinical teaching is supported by
climate of mutual trust and respect
• Clinical teaching and learning should
focus on essential knowledge, skill and
attitude

14. GUIDELINES FOR SELECTION OF
CLINICAL TEACHING METHODS
• Must be appropriate to objectives and desired
behavioral changes.
• Must be in accordance with principles of
learning.
• Must be in accordance with the capacity of the
student.

15. Contd.
• Must be in accordance with availability of
resources.
• Must be in accordance with the teacher’s
ability to use it effectively and creatively.

16. Difference between class room and clinical
teaching
CLASS ROOM TEACHING
•Large group
•No focus on patient
•Knowledge
•Theoretical framework
•Teacher/students ratio is
large
•Passive students
•Less interactive
CLINICAL TEACHING
•Small group
•Focus on patient
•Application of knowledge
•Clinical reasoning
•Teacher / students ratio
is small
•Active students
•More interactive

17. Models of clinical teaching
• Traditional model
• Preceptor model
• Associated / Partnership model

18. FACTORS INFLUENCING
CLINICAL TEACHING
• Group interaction skills
•Clinical supervision skill
•Clinical competence and professionalism
•Knowledge and analytical ability.
•Organization and clarity of presentation
•Enthusiasm and stimulation of interest

19. Clinical teaching method
– Bedside clinic
– Nursing rounds
– Nursing shift reports
– Nursing care conferences
– Demonstration
– Nursing care studies

20. Contd
– Process recording
– Laboratory method
– Nursing assignment
– Field trip

21. Bedside clinic

22. Definition
It is a method of clinical teaching which is
carried out by either the group visits the
patient or the patient is brought to the
conference room in order to study problems
associated with a particular disease or
disorder

23. Contd..
• Always ensure the presence of the patient.
• Patients with typical diseases are selected.

24. Uses of bedside clinic
• To show the sign and symptoms related to a
particular condition
• To demonstrate a significant nursing situation
• To show how nursing problem have been
solved

25. Phase
Introduction phase
Patient centered discussion
Post clinic evaluation

26. Advantages
• It puts the student in an active actual situation
• Develop skills in collecting information from
authentic source
• Develop tactfulness diplomacy needed to get
information from the patient
• Develop skills in problem solving, decision
making an organizing
• Permits comparison between reality and theory

27. Disadvantages
• Sometimes put patient in a difficult situation

28. Nursing round

29. Definition
A tour of patient’s bedside area made by a small
group of staff and students, not more than 7 or
8 for the purpose of clinical learning and
instructional purpose

30. Types
Instructional
Round
Information giving
round

31. Uses of nursing rounds
• To demonstrate clinical manifestation that
needs nursing intervention
• To study patient’s response to disease
conditions
• To demonstrate the effect of therapeutic
treatment

32. Contd..
• To illustrate skillful nursing care
• To have better understanding of patient’ s
needs in order to provide better care to patient

33. Advantages
• Puts the students in actual live situation where
patient responds and acts as a stimulus variable
• Students have options to select specific case or
problem that interest them and plan proper
nursing care

34. Contd ..
• It provides opportunity to reinforce the
theoretical knowledge through its application
in a real patient
• Increases learning ability

35. Disadvantages
• Only applicable for small group of students
• Require careful planning

36. Nursing shift report

37. Definition
• Nursing care reports are written or oral
summary of the nursing actions taken in
relation to patient’s care

38. Guideline for writing reports
• It should be clear and concise but include all
necessary information
• The report should be well organized for easy
understanding
• For report to be complete and meaningful, it
should include the date and time, the people
concerned the situation and the signature of
report writer

39. Advantages
• It aids in studying health condition
• It shows the progress in reaching goals
• Provides quality and continuity of work from
one shift to another

40. Disadvantage
• Wrong or invalid data in the report may lead
to faulty interpretation of patient’s condition

41. Nursing care conference

42. Definition
“Nursing Care Conference is defined as the
process in which group discussion is made
using problem solving techniques to determine
the ways of providing care for the patients
to whom students are assigned as
part of their clinical experience”

43. Types
• Group conference • Individual conference

44. Group conference
• Is a small group teaching method
• Allows student to participate actively ,
explaining their own experience
• Develop problem solving skills, team building
skills and ability to express themselves

45. Individual conference
• Focuses on the overall development of
individual student
• It mainly deals with the student nursing care
ability , level of performance achievements
and assignments related to the clinical
experience

46. Advantages
•Sharpens the critical thinking
•Helps the students to know about their progress
and hence boosts their self confidence.
• Develop problem solving skills

47. Disadvantages
• Time consuming
• Conflict of opinion

48. Demonstration

49. Definition
• Demonstration teaches by “Exhibition &
explanation ”
• It trains the students in the art of careful
observation

50. Types
• Planned
• Involves preliminary
preparation,
introduction, procedure
and follow up
• Unplanned
• Uncommon treatment
occur in the ward that
can be demonstrated if
not emergency

51. Advantages
• Activates senses
• Opportunity for observation and learning
• Creates interest by use of illustration
• Correlate theory and practice

52. Disadvantages
• Expensive
• Time consuming

53. Nursing care study

54. Definition
Method which focuses on information and facts
about patient, the disease condition , social and
personal history and the application of this
knowledge in rendering nursing care

55. • Student selects one patient for intensive study
• Students are given opportunity to take care of
the patients, study their treatment modalities
until they are discharged

56. Advantages
• Students learn problem-solving approach.
• Report acts as reference material for students
• Evaluate patient’s progress

57. Process recording

58. Definition
It is a written account or verbatim recording of
all that transpired during and immediately
following the nurse-patient interaction

59. Advantages
• Improve the quality of nurse – patient
interaction
• Gain competency in interpreting and
synthesizing raw data under supervision
• Increase observational skills

60. Process recording in
earlier period
Process recording in
modern period

61. Laboratory method

62. Definition
• Laboratory is a part of clinical teaching that offers
students with the opportunities to apply their
theoretical knowledge or previous learning into
practice in a controlled situation under guidance and
supervision where there is no client.

63. Advantages
• Increase students participation
• Prepare students for actual situation
• Clarify doubts and queries regarding to
demostration

64. Disadvantages
• Budget
• Time consuming
• Lack of apparatus

65. Nursing assignment

66. Definition
• It is the part of learning experiences where the
students are assigned with patient or other
activities concerning to patient in clinical
laboratory.

67. Methods of assignments in patient care
• Functional method
• Team method
• Case method

68. • Functional method
Nurses are assigned specific functions
such as administering medications, monitoring
vital signs etc

69. • Team method
In this method a group of patients are
looked after by nursing team, comprised of
nursing staff and student nurse

70. • Case method
In this type is a single nurse is assigned the
responsibility for the care of each patient from
time the patient is admitted to the hospital till
the patient is discharge.

71. Advantages
• Time efficient

72. Field trip

73. Definition
• It’s a well organized trip from a usual place
for teaching purpose

74. Purpose of field trip
• The field trip must be planned to meet specific
educational objectives
• Have list of all candidates, contact numbers of
people to be contacted in case of emergency &
special needs.
• Submit report on field visit and analyze.

75. Advantages
• Field trip gives natural stimulation and
motivates the learner to be more interactive
and creative.
•The monotony and boredom of classroom
teaching is eliminated through field trips

76. Disadvantage
• If the field trip is not planned well with
specific learning objectives it will result in
wastage of teaching learning resources.
• Field trips are expensive.
• Safety and security of the students is a real
concern.

77. Clinical learning cycle
Preparatory
theory
Laboratory
Briefing
Clinical
practice
Debriefing
Follow up
evaluation

78. Role of clinical instructor
• Supporter
• Facilitator
• Challenger
• Manager
• Coordinator

79. • Observer
• Evaluator
• Expert

80. Responsibility of clinical instructor
• Set objective, standard for practice
• Develop evaluation tools
• Should take permission of the institute
• Prepare master rotation plan
• Set up the clinical area in an instead manner
• Keep ready equipment in working condition
to provide nursing care

81. Contd…
• Direct and supervise the students
• Demonstrate nursing procedure on patient and
ask the students to re- demonstrate procedures
to develop skill and confidence
• Analyze the difficulties and guiding the
students accordingly
• Encourage, motivate and inspire students

82. Contd.
• Maintain strict discipline
• Maintain student’s record eg. Duty schedule,
individual assignments, evaluation tools,
clinical teachings and performance of students
• Conduct individual with the students to solve
any problem arose and to meet their
professional and personal needs

83. • Supervise assignment like ward teaching class,
case study, health talks.
• Has to participate in faculty conference
• Focus attention of students upon the medical
and nursing problems of client to whom they
are assigned
• Assist students in preparing teaching plans. x

84. Reference
• Singh Indira, Essentials of education A text book
for nurses and other health professional, 5th
edition, Hisi offset printer Pvt. Ltd, page no – 230-
254
• http://www.crlt.umich.edu/publinks/occ1
• https://www.slideshare.net/jimcyjose/clinical-
teaching-in-nursing?qid=407ed42a-7172-435d-
b937-133c8252dea7&v=&b=&from_search=1
• https://www.slideshare.net/gangahealth/effectiv
e-clinical-teaching-methods-gihs?qid=9da453d6-
d2c2-4293-ba15-
77842e218941&v=&b=&from_search=1

85. Thank you