2. Comenius 1592-1679 (Czeck)
Role of Teacher – To be a permissive facilitator
of learning to based instruction on child’s
stages of development.
Significance – Helped develop a more
humanistic view of the child; devised an
educational method.
Influence on Today’s School – schools
organized according to children’s stages of
development.
3. Comenius 1592-1679 (Czeck)
Purpose of Education - To relate instructions to
children natural growth and dev’t; to contribute
to peace and human understanding.
Curriculum – Vernacular language, reading
writing, mathematics, religion, history, Latin,
universal knowledge.
Method of Instruction – Based on readiness
and stages of human growth, gradual
cumulative, orderly, used of concrete objects.
4. Locke 1632-1704 (English)
Purpose of Education – to develop ideas in the
mind based on perception; to educate
individuals capable of self-government.
Curriculum – Reading, writing, arithmetic,
foreign language, mathematics, history, civil
government, physical education.
Method of Instruction – Sensation; story,
gradual, cumulative, learning
5. Locke 1632-1704 (English)
Role of Teacher – To encourage sense
experience; to based instruction on empirical
method.
Significance – Developed a theory of
knowledge based on sensation.
Influence on Today’s School – Schooling that
emphasizes sensory observation.
6. Rousseau 1732-1773 (Swiss French)
Purpose of Education – To create a learning
environment that allows the child to innate,
natural goodness to flourish.
Curriculum – Nature; the environment
Method of Instructions – Sensation; experience
with nature
7. Rousseau 1732-1773 (Swiss French)
Role of Teacher – to assist nature; nor to
improve social conventions on the child.
Significance – led a romantic revoke against
the doctrine of the child depravity; a
forerunner of child-centered progressivism.
Influence on Today’s School – Permissive
schooling based on child freedom.
8. Pestalozzi 1748-1827 (Swiss)
Purpose of Education – To develop the human
being’s moral, mental, and physical powers
harmoniously use of sense of perceptions in
forming clear ideas.
Curriculum – Object lessons; form, number,
sounds
Method of Instructions – Sensation; object
lessons; simple to complex; near to far;
concrete to abstract.
9. Pestalozzi 1748-1827 (Swiss)
Role of Teacher – To act as a loving facilitator
of learning by creating a homelike school
environment, skilled in using the special
method.
Significance – Devised on educational method
that changed elementary education.
Influence on Today’s School – Schooling based
on emotional security and object learning.
10. Herbart 1776-1841 (German)
Purpose of Education – To contribute to the
human being’s moral development through
knowledge and ethics.
Curriculum – Curriculum correlation, interests,
morals; logics, mathematics, literature,
history, music, art.
Method of Instructions – Preparation,
presentation, association, systematization,
application.
11. Herbart 1776-1841 (German)
Role of Teacher – To stimulate the learner’s
intellectual and moral development by formal
stages of instruction.
Significance – Devise a formed method of
instruction based on the planned and
sequenced lesson.
Influence on Today’s School – Schooling that
stresses literary and historical materials
designed to enlarge the learner’s interest.
12. Froebel 1782-1852 (German)
Purpose of Education – To bring out and to
develop the talent spiritual essence of the child
in prepared environment.
Curriculum – Songs, stories, games, gifts,
occupation
Method of Instructions – Self-activity; play
13. Froebel 1782-1852 (German)
Role of Teacher – To facilitate children’s growth
Significance – Created the kindergarten a
special early childhood learning environment.
Influence on Today’s School – Preschools
designed to liberate the child creativity.
14. Spencer 1820-1903 (English)
Purpose of Education – To enable human
beings to live effectively, economically,
scientifically
Curriculum – Practical, utilitarian and scientific
objects.
Method of Instructions – Sensation and the
scientific method; activities.
15. Spencer 1820-1903 (English)
Role of Teacher – To organize instruction in
terms of basic life activities.
Significance – A leading curriculum theorist
who stressed scientific life activities.
Influence on Today’s School – Schooling that
stresses scientific knowledge and competitive
values.
16. Dewey 1859-1952 (American)
Purpose of Education – to contribute to the
individual’s personal, social and intellectual
growth.
Curriculum – Making and doing; history and
geography science; problems
Method of Instructions – Problems solving
according to the scientific method
17. Dewey 1859-1952 (American)
Role of Teacher – To create a learning
environment based on the shared experience
of the community of learners.
Significance – Developed the pragmatic
experimentalist philosophy of education.
Influence on Today’s School – Schooling that
emphasizes problem solving and activities in a
context of community.
18. Montessori (1870-1952)
Purpose of Education – To assist children’s
sensory, muscular, and intellectual
development in a prepared environment.
Curriculum – Motor and sensory skills; pre-
planned materials
Method of Instructions – Spontaneous
learning; activities; practical, sensory and
formal skills exercises.
19. Montessori (1870-1952)
Role of Teacher – To act as a facilitator or
director of learning by using didactic materials
in a prepared environment.
Significance – Developed a widely used method
and philosophy of early childhood education.
Influence on Today’s School – Early childhood
schooling that is intellectually and
developmentally stimulating.
20. Counts 1889-1974 (American)
Purpose of Education – To create a new society
that encompasses science, technology and
democracy.
Curriculum – Social issues, history, science,
technology, and the social science.
Method of Instructions – Problem solving
according to social methodologies.
21. Counts 1889-1974 (American)
Role of Teacher – To become an educational
statesperson who serves as a leader in
reconstructing society.
Significance – Originated the social
reconstructionist view of the school.
Influence on Today’s School – Schools
designed to stimulate social planning and
reconstruction.
22. Piaget 1896-1974 (Swiss)
Purpose of Education – To organize education
in terms of children’s patterns of growth and
development.
Curriculum – Concrete and formal operations
Method of Instructions – Individualized
programs; exploration and experimentation
with concrete materials.
23. Piaget 1896-1974 (Swiss)
Role of Teacher – To organize instruction to
stages of cognitive development.
Significance – Formulated a theory of cognitive
development.
Influence on Today’s School – Schooling
organized around cognitive developmental
stages.
24. Hutchins 1899-1977 (American)
Purpose of Education – To educate human
beings to search for truth, which is found in the
wisdom of human race.
Curriculum – Liberal arts and sciences; great
books
Method of Instructions – Identifying, analyzing
and reflecting on intellectual concerns.
25. Hutchins 1899-1977 (American)
Role of Teacher – To ask leading and
challenging questions that stimulate students
to pursue truth.
Significance – A leading spokesman for the
perennialist perspective in education.
Influence on Today’s School –Schooling that
emphasizes the liberal, arts curriculum.
