1. 16.1 General Concepts in Immunity
Explain the basic aspects of innate (nonspecific)
and adap?ve (specific or acquired) immunity.
• What are the first lines of defense against
pathogens?
• What are the second lines of defense?
• What is the third line of defense in the body?

2. Three Lines of Defense in the Human
Body
• Innate immunity
1st: Barriers at body surfaces – 2nd: Nonspecific responses –
external internal
• Integument & mucous • Phagocy?c cells
membranes
• Inflamma?on & fever
• Chemical secre?ons
• microflora • An?microbial proteins
• 3rd: Adap?ve immunity: specific immune responses
– Cell‐mediated
– An?body‐mediated

3. Innate vs Adap?ve
• Innate – Nonspecific
– ATributes we have at birth
– Defend us from all pathogens
• Adap?ve – Acquired – Specific
– Not present at birth
– Immune responses that develop aWer exposure
• Vaccine, subclinical infec?on, clinical infec?on
– Unique cells for each specific pathogen