Smart Growth is for the community and neighborhoods, however its keys are held with the local administration, authorities, urban bodies, policy makers and ruling government. Decoding some myths & implementation parameters to the same can be of immense help.
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Smart Growth
I n t r o d u c t I o n
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What is Smart Growth?
• Development and redevelopment in
or adjacent to existing cities, towns
and villages.
• A mix of uses in one neighborhood
and a more compact pattern overall
to support more economic and
social activity.
• Roads and public spaces designed to
support convenient transportation
choices.
• And more…
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Smart Growth Saves Money
Compared to the status quo, smart growth
• Costs less to build and maintain;
• Provides services at a lower cost;
• Reduces maintenance costs by directing spending to existing
infrastructure;
• Reduces tax burden by maximizing return on public Investment;
• Preserves existing communities;
• Reduces household transportation costs;
• Reduces health costs.
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smart growth
10 accepted principles for Smart Growth
1. Mix land uses
2. Take advantage of compact building design
3. Create a range of housing opportunities and choices
4. Create walkable neighborhoods
5. Foster distinctive, attractive communities with a strong sense of place
6. Preserve open space, farmland, natural beauty, and critical
environmental areas
7. Strengthen and direct development towards existing communities
8. Provide a variety of transportation choices
9. Make development decisions predictable, fair, and cost effective
10. Encourage community and stakeholder collaboration in development
decisions
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Compact building design
• Creates more usable open space
• Utilities are near & accessible
• Collaborative use of common space
• Increased Social Security
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Compact building design
For
• Housing ( buildings & townships )
• Commerce ( offices & corporate parks)
• Retail (malls)
• Hospitality ( hotels & hospitals)
• Institutional ( schools, colleges, universities)
• Government & Administrative buildings
to provide
• Open common interaction spaces
• Utilities & services under one roof
• Parking & access
• Efficient Land use by optimizing volumetric use
• Reduce travel time & improve cost productivity
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City-centeric
The Suburbans
The Rurals
Range of Housing Choices
• Apartments , Duplex, Triplex, Penhouse
• Basements ( senior citizens, Informal sector)
• Hotels, Cubes, capsules (rental units)
• Compact hostels & service apartments ( students )
• Bungalows, Twins,
• Rowhouses, Tenaments,
• townhouses, Villas,
• Gated Communites
• Farm houses, Vernacular & contextual residences
• Land maintenance & production driven housing choices
• Industrial housing ( in industrial zones)
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What makes a
neighborhood walkable?
• A center
– Walkable neighborhoods have a center,
whether it's a main street or a public space.
• People
– Enough people for businesses to flourish
– public transit to run frequently.
• Mixed income, mixed use
– Affordable housing located near businesses.
• Parks and public space
– Plenty of public places to gather and play.
• Pedestrian design
– Buildings are close to the street, parking lots are relegated to the back.
• Schools and workplaces
– Close enough that most residents can walk from their homes.
• Complete streets
– Streets designed for bicyclists, pedestrians, and transit.
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Walkable Neighborhoods
• Environment
– Walking is a zero-pollution
transportation method
• Health
– Average resident of a walkable
neighborhood weighs 7 pounds less
than a resident in a sprawling
neighborhood
• Finances
– Increases the value of property
• Communities
– Studies show that for every 10
minutes a person spends in a daily car
commute, time spent in community
activities falls by 10%
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Economics
• Commute time and places to walk
are 2 of the top 3 most important
community characteristics (NAR)
• Neighborhoods have a walk score.
Each walk score intangibly refers to
currency
• Commercial Real Estate: A 10 point
increase in Walk Score increases
property values 5-8%
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2011 Community Preference Survey
NAR: 2,071 Adults (2/2011) (USA)
• 56% of respondents survey
prefer smart growth
communities to ones that require
more driving between home,
work and recreation
• Willing to sacrifice square
footage for less driving:
– 80% would prefer to live in a
single-family detached home
as long as it didn’t require a
longer commute, BUT
– 59% would choose a smaller
home if it meant a commute
time of 20 minutes or less
• Community Characteristics:
When considering a home
purchase
– 88% placed more value
on the quality of the
neighborhood, than the
size of the home
– 77% want communities
with high-quality
schools
• Don’t just sell homes, sell
neighborhoods!
• Different home buyers are
looking for all kinds of
neighborhood settings
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Preserve; Open spaces, farmlands, lakes
Lakefronts
Riverfronts
Public Parks
Green belts
Zoning Regulations (R3)
Notified Areas
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CENTRAL PARK- NYC
GREEN SPACE for PUBLIC PURPOSE – Lungs for the City
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NEW YORK CITY : CENTRAL PARK
AREA: 843 ACRES Built/Founded in 1857 AD REAL ESTATE VALUE estimated by the
property appraisal firm, Miller Samuel, to be $528,783 MILLION or $ 529 BILLION as
of December 2005.
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Community Developments
• Community programs
• Conservation
• Social upliftment
• Economic upliftment
• Identity preservation
• Entertainment & leisure
• Social Infrastructure
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Transportation choices
Personal | Public | Rapid
• How choice of transportation connects with land use?
• Multimodal balance
• Build Transit network
• Provide choice of transportation
• Provide mobility and access to each choice
• Choose town less highway planning
• Discourage private Car ownership
• Build a bicycle network
• Introduce congestion pricing
• Vehicle Sharing & car pooling programs
• Low Pollution Vehicle choices
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Indian Commodity Transport Vehicles
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Development Decisions
• Local Government Policies
• Building Byelaws
• Development Plans
• Public opinions
• Area Planning & zoning
• Land Laws
• Property ownership, transfers, &
incentives
• Public Private Partnerships
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Encourage community and stakeholder collaboration
in development decisions
Tomorrow
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Street design
• Speed limits
• All Vehicular access
• On street parking
• One ways & pedestrian only
streets
• Shopping streets
• Context responsive design
• Avenues and boulevards
• Rear alleys and lanes
• Full flow, slow flow & yield flow
traffic roads
• Sidewalk design
• Utility placements
• Pavements & Streetlights
• Obstructions & encroachments
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The Building
• Natural Light and ventilation
• Solar Orientation
• Cooling, heating & day lighting
• Energy efficient Design
• Sustainable Building materials
• Dynamic space use
• On site energy generation
• Healthy indoor air quality
• Yard trees
• Xeriscape
• Waste Management
• Green Building Standards
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Smart growth
The Indian Context
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Implementing smart growth
• Awareness
• Intervention
• Create examples
• Streamline Government policies
& laws
• Community participation
• Community empowerment
• Social amalgamation
• Poverty
• Slums
• Housing crisis
• Traffic sense & ettiquette
• Aesthetic sense
• And more…..
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The urban Indian street…..
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The urban Indian street…..
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Efficient Land Use | parking
Mixed | Accessible | service driven
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• 30% of GDP contribution comes
from the informal sector. 18%
comes from street hawkers
• Formulate Hawking Policy
• Hawking Zones & spaces
• Subsidize hawking
• Legalize & licenses
Hawking More….
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Efficient Land Use | Encroachments
Mixed | Accessible | service driven
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Efficient Land Use | Encroachments
Mixed | Accessible | service driven
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Efficient Land Use | Hawking
Mixed | Accessible | service driven
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Form Based Codes
• Does not work on principles of
Setback, margin, FSI or FAR.
• Volumetric Standards with
specified form for a building type
Each form is Land Plot | Specific height
Smart growth is the fiscally responsible alternative to sprawl. Smart growth emphasizes maximizing the use of existing and, to the extent necessary, new infrastructure, and is therefore less costly to build, maintain and operate per capita than conventional suburban development. Smart growth principles also emphasize repairing and maintaining existing infrastructure, saving on costs of deferred maintenance and supporting the economic health of existing communities. Ultimately, smart growth keeps taxes down and provides a higher return on public investment, all of which translates into personal savings.