RELEVANCE AND SCOPE OF MANMADE RESOURCES FOR BETTER SCIENCE TEACHING AND LEARNING- HOSPITAL

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SUBMITTED TO SUBMITTED BY
MRS JYOTHI K.S JIJI JEROME
(LECTURER NATURAL SCIENCE)

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TOPIC
RELEVANCE AND SCOPE OF MANMADE
RESOURCES FOR BETTER SCIENCE
TEACHING AND LEARNING- HOSPITAL

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SL.NO: TOPIC PAGE
1 INTRODUCTION 4-5
2 MEANING OF HOSPITAL 6
3 ROLE AND RESPONSIBILITY
OF HORPITAL
6
4 MEANING OF HOSPITAL 6
5 ROLE AND RESPONSIBILITY
OF HORPITAL
7-8
6 INFRASTRUCTURE 9-10
7 CONCLUSION 11
8 REFRENCE
12

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INTRODUCTION
A resource is a source or supply from which benefit is
produced. Typically resources are materials, energy, services, staff,
knowledge, or other assets that are transformed to produce benefit and in
the process may be consumed or made unavailable. Benefits of resource
utilization may include increased wealth, meeting needs or wants, proper
functioning of a system, or enhanced well being. From a human
perspective an natural resource is anything obtained from the
environment to satisfy human needs and wants. From a broader
biological or ecological perspective a resource satisfies the needs of a
living organism.
The concept of resources has been applied in diverse realms, including
with respect to economics, biology and ecology, computer science,
management and human resources and is linked to the concepts of
competition, sustainability , conservation and stewardship. In application
within human society, commercial or non-commercial factors require
resource allocation through resource management.
Natural resources occur naturally within environments that exist
relatively undisturbed by humanity, in a natural form. A natural
resource is often characterized by amounts of biodiversity and
geodiversity existent in various ecosystems.
Natural resources are derived from the environment. Some of them are
essential for our survival while most are used for satisfying our needs.
Natural resources may be further classified in different ways.
Man-made resources are items or substances that have value to human
lives that do not occur in the natural world. Examples of man-made
resources include plastic, paper, soda, sheet metal, rubber and brass.

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These contrast with natural resources, such as water, crops, sunlight,
crude oil, wood and gold.
Some man-made resources are nearly essential to modern human life,
such as medicines. Without medicines, vaccines and similar man-made
chemicals, many people would become sick and die. Others are not
essential, and only exist because people want them. For example, many
pesticides are man-made resources, and while not essential, their use
enhances the lives of many people.
Some man-made resources reflect their natural counterparts. For
example, many lakes and rivers are man-made structures. While the
water and fish inside them are natural resources, the impoundment
would not exist without humans to construct it. Such resources offer
food and recreation opportunities for many people. Humans also create
farms, which are man-made resources, even though the plants and soil
are natural resources.
Simple man-made resources, such as paper, are often combined to form
more man-made resources, such as books, plates or wallpaper. High-tech
products typically feature dozens or more components that are man-made
resources, such as wire and semiconductors.
A hospital is a health care institution providing patient treatment with
specialised staff and equipment.
Hospitals are usuallyfunded by the public sector, , by health
organisations health insurance companies, or charities . including direct
charitable donations. Historically, hospitals were often founded and
funded by religious order or charitable individuals and leaders. Today,
hospitals are largely staffed by professional physicians surgeons and
nurses. whereas in the past, this work was usually performed by the
founding religious orders or by volunteers . However, there are various
Catholic religious orders, such as the Alexians and the Bon scours’
sisters ,which still focus on hospital ministry today, as well as several
Christian denominations, including hospitals.

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MEANING OF HOSPITAL
During the Middle Ages hospitals served different functions to modern
institutions, being almshouses for the poor, hostels for pilgrims, or hospital. The
word hospital comes from the Latin hospes , signifying a stranger or foreigner,
hence a guest. Another noun derived from this, hospitium came to signify
hospitality, that is the relation between guest and shelterer, hospitality,
friendliness, hospitable reception. By metonymy the Latin word then came to
mean a guest-chamber, guest's lodging, an inn. Hospes is thus the root for the
English words host (where the p was dropped for convenience of pronunciation)
hospitality , hospice.The latter modern word derives from Latin via the ancient
French romance word hostel, which developed a silent s, which letter was
eventually removed from the word, the loss of which is signified by a circumflexin
the modern French word hôtel. The German word 'Spital' shares similar roots.
ROLE AND RESPONSIBILITY OF
HORPITAL
The role and responsibility of the health sector are vital in under pinning
the growth and development of society as a whole.
Health sector should guiding principles .
1. continuity of values.
2. transparency of policy.
3. provision of better services to citizens

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Roles of hospital in new economic model
Hospital services as a component of medical care services in India
has shown a definitive up- swing along with economic growth during
last decade.
Expenditure in the hospital management is growing faster than G.D.P
leading to serious and distribution problems.
Patients complaints about having to pay large share of cost and also
increase insurance contribution and taxes.
Hospital facility
A medical facility is, in general, any location at which medicine is
practiced regularly. Medical facilities range from small clinics and
doctor’s offices to urgent care centers and large hospital with elaborate
emergency rooms and trauma centers. The number and quality of
medical facilities in a country or region is one common measure of that
area's prosperity and quality of life . In many countries, medical
facilities are regulated to some extent by law ; licensing by a regulatory
agency is often required before a facility may open for business.

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Hospitals vary widely in the services they offer and therefore, in the
departments (or "wards") they have. Each is usually headed by a chief
physician .They may have acute services such as an emergency
department or specialist trauma centre, burn unit, surgery. These may
then be backed up by more specialist units such as:
 Emergency department
 Cardiology
 Intensive care unit
o Paediatric intensive unit
o Neonatal intensive unit
o Cardiovascular intensive care unit
 Neurology
 Oncology
Some hospitals will have outpatient department and some will have
chronic treatment units such as behavioral health services, dentistry,
dermatology, psychiatric ward, physical therapy.
Common support units include a dispensary or pharmacy, pathology and
radiology or, and on the non-medical side, there often are medical
records departments release, of information departments, Information
Management (aka IM, IT or IS), clinical departments (aka Biomed),
Facilities Management, Plant Ops (aka Maintenance), Dining Services,
and Security departments.

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INFRASTRUCTURE
Essential infrastructure requirements
1 .Space
Adequate space for HIV care integrated within primary care
2 .Privacy and confidentiality
Protect the privacy of the patient’s diagnosis and avoid
stigma
3.TB infection control
Prevent TB transmission between patients and to health
workers ,without stigma
Water
4. Water supply
To provide safe drinking water
Lat r i ne
Latrine
5. Latrines/toilet
Patients, staff and care givers able to use a toilet
without contaminating
the health centre or its water supply
 Handwashing
6. Hand washing, other hygiene practises and waste water
To provide sufficient quantities for hand washing,
personal hygiene,
laundry, cleaning and food preparation
7. Cleaning
Visibly clean health centre
Waste Management
8. Safe waste management at health centre

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Sufficient quantities of safe water for hand washing,
personal hygiene, laundry, cleaning and food preparation
9 .Communication
Phone or radio to communicate with district clinician and
management team, mentor
10. Fire safety
Fire extinguisher or sand
BATTERY
Power
11 Power
Electricity for essentials (mobile phone, microscopy,
emergency lights)
12 HIV infection control
Prevent HIV transmission through safe infections,
phlebotomy, sharps disposal, gloves and other personal
protection equipment.

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CONCLUSION
Hospitals are meant to be places of healing and safety. Yet
threats to patient safety and hospital staff security from both
external and internal sources continue to overshadow the
physician’s oath to “do no harm.” In Schneider
Electric’s view, implementing intelligent, automated facility
systems is a hospital’s best defense against adverse events that
cause life threatening and debilitating injury to patients.
Moreover, hospitals whose facilities are designed to be safer can
gain a competitive advantage. Patients have a choice of where
they get health care or the insurance companies make the choice
in their provider networks. Hospitals that can demonstrate they
have a safer facility will be the obvious choice of both.

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REFRENCE
.  Harrison, Mar, et al. eds. From Western Medicine to Global
Medicine: The Hospital Beyond the West (2008)
 S12cheutz , Martin et al. eds. Hospitals and Institutional Care in
Medieval and Early Modern Europe (2009)
.Wall, Barbra Mann . American Catholic Hospitals: A Century of
Changing Markets and Missions (Rutgers University Press, 2011).