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CERVICAL CANCER SCREENING: INCORPORATING HPV TESTING   M.A. Bertrand, MD, FRCSC Professor & Head,  Division of Gynecologic Oncology, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
Epidemiology – Cancer of the Cervix ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Epidemiology – Cancer of the Cervix
Epidemiology – Cancer of the Cervix ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Cervical Cancer Update
Cervical Cancer Update
Epidemiology – Cancer of the Cervix Canada ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Estimated Cervical Cancer Cases Canada, 2005 ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],National Cancer Institute of Canada: Canadian Cancer Statistics 2005
Cervical Cancer in Ontario 2004 ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Cervical Cancer – Actual / Expected Number of Deaths  (Canada)
Cervical Screening in Canada CCHOTA, May 2003, No response from PQ, NB, YK TBS 2001 N Y/N N NT/NV Mod. British N N Y BC TBS 2001 N N Y Alberta TBS 2001 N N Y Saskatchewan TBS 2001 N N Y Manitoba TBS 1991 N N Y PEI TBS 2001 N N Y Nova Scotia TBS 2001 On demand N Y Newfoundland TBS 2001 On demand Y Y Ontario Terminology HPV Testing Liquid Based Cytology Screening Program Province/ Territory
Ontario Cervical Screening Practice Guidelines Cervical Screening Guidelines Development Committee of the Ontario Cervical Screening Program and the Gynecology Cancer Disease Site Group of Cancercare Ontario
 
 
Guidelines Revision Process Ontario Cervical Screening Program Cancer Care Ontario  Program in Evidence Based Care Cancer Care Ontario GYN Disease  Site Group Screening Guidelines Development Committee QMPLS “ Weigh the Evidence”
LBC is the preferred method for cervical cytology screening; however conventional Pap smears remain an acceptable method.
A province wide cervical screening program with an adequate recall mechanism is recommended.
 
Initiation of Screening ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Initiation of Screening ACOG, American College of Obstetricians & Gynecologists; ACS, American Cancer Society; CTFPHE, Canadian Task Force on the Periodic Health Examination; IARC, International Agency for Research on Cancer; NHS, National Health Service, NZGG, New Zealand Guidelines Group; USPSTF, United States Preventive Services Task Force.   All sexually active women CTFPHE 20 years of age for sexually active women NZGG 21 year of age or within 3 years of first intercourse ACOG, ACS, USPSTF 25 years of age IARC, NHS
Initiation of screening ,[object Object],[object Object]
Cessation of Screening ACOG, American College of Obstetricians & Gynecologists; ACS, American Cancer Society; CTFPHE, Canadian Task Force on the Periodic Health Examination; IARC, International Agency for Research on Cancer; NHS, National Health Service, NZGG, New Zealand Guidelines Group; USPSTF, United States Preventive Services Task Force.   Not enough evidence ACOG Age 65 USPSTF Age 70 NZGG Age 65 NHS Age 70 ACS Age 65 IARC
Cessation of screening Screening may be discontinued after the age of 70 if there is an adequate negative screening history in the previous 10 years  (i.e. 3-4 negative tests).
Screening Interval ACOG, American College of Obstetricians & Gynecologists; ACS, American Cancer Society; CTFPHE, Canadian Task Force on the Periodic Health Examination; IARC, International Agency for Research on Cancer; NHS, National Health Service, NZGG, New Zealand Guidelines Group; USPSTF, United States Preventive Services Task Force.   At least every 3 yrs USPSTF Every 3 yrs CTFPHE Every 3 yrs NZGG Every 3 yrs, age 25-50 then every 5 yrs NHS Annually under age 30 Every 2-3 yrs over age 30 ACOG, ACS Every 3 yrs, age 25-49 IARC
These recommendations do not apply to those women who have had previous abnormal Pap tests.  Screening at a 3 year interval is recommended, supported by an adequate recall mechanism.  Screening  interval ·   Screening should be done annually until there are 3 consecutive negative Pap tests. ·  Screening should continue every 2 to 3 years after three annual negative Pap tests.
Women who have sex with women should follow the same screening recommendations as women who have sex with men. Pregnant women should be screened the same as women who are not pregnant . Discontinue cervical screening in women who have undergone total hysterectomy for benign causes. Immunocompromised or HIV positive women should receive annual screening.
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Other Timing Issues ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
HPV Testing ?
Human Papillomaviruses
HPV Genome : Double–stranded DNA virus
 
 
 
 
 
 
Management of cytologic abnormalities
ASCUS and LSIL Mimics
ASCUS
Risk of Harbouring HSIL ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
 
ASC-US & The ALTS Trial   ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Reflex HPV Testing ,[object Object],[object Object]
HPV Testing for  ASC-US The ALTS Trial: ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
The ALTS Trial: HPV Testing for  LSIL ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
The ALTS Trial ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
HPV Testing & Costs ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
HPV Testing & Costs ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Ontario Guidelines ASC-US  & HPV Testing ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
 
Why 30? ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Under 30 –HPV Testing for ASC-US  Not  Recommended ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Therefore…Under 30 ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
HPV Testing in 30+ with ASC-US ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
In the Absence of HPV Testing  in 30+ with ASC-US ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Qualifying Statements   ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
The Big Question… ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Benefits of Testing for HPV ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Problems with HPV Screening ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Problems with HPV Screening ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Problems with HPV Screening ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Problems with HPV Screening ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Negative Outcomes with HPV Testing ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
HPV Education ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
New Health Technology - Beneficial ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Improved disease outcome ,[object Object],[object Object]
Improved disease outcome ,[object Object],[object Object]
Improved disease outcome ,[object Object]
Low-Grade Squamous Intraepithelial Lesion - LSIL
Low Grade SIL
Management of LSIL ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Management of LSIL ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
High-Grade squamous Intraepithelial Lesion - HSIL
Women with AGC should also receive endocervical and endometrial sampling, where appropriate.  High grade SIL, ASC-H, Atypical Glandular cells Colposcopy
Potential Use of HPV Testing ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Next… ,[object Object]
HPV Vaccines
HPV Vaccines ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Conclusion ,[object Object],[object Object]
Conclusion ,[object Object],[object Object]
Conclusion ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Conclusion ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Thank you for your attention
Question?
 
Sensitivity for CIN 3
Negative Predictive Value
Cervical Cancer Screening Programs and Practices, Canada 2001
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Project Objectives
ALTS Trial -ASCUS Triage As compared to prevalence of CIN 3 in immediate  colposcopy arm – 11.4% 96% 99% NPV for CIN 3 17% 20% PPV for CIN 3 58% 53% Referred to colp 83.4% 92.4% Sensitivity – CIN 3 ASCUS / ASCUS ASCUS / HPV +
 
Next Steps ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
ALTS – Results by age % Referred to Colp Sensitivity for CIN 3 50% 64% Cytology  follow up 31% 65% HPV  testing 91% 88% Cytology  follow up 94% 96% HPV  testing Age >= 29 years Age 23-28 years
CYTOLOGY COLPO .>MOD REPEAT @ 6 MONTHS PERSISTENT OF MILD  FOR 2 YRS OR > MOD Recall @ 24 months  Neg Mild PRIMARY SCREENING FOR WOMEN OVER 30 Current Practice : Women over 30, 3 consecutive negatives, not high risk, recall @ 24 m .
PRIMARY SCREENING FOR WOMEN OVER 30 HPV:  Screen every 3 years HPV Cytology Colpo + > Or = mild Recall @ 36 m  Neg Repeat @ 12 m. HPV & cytology Neg
TRIAGE of MILD DYSPLASIA for WOMEN OVER 30 Current Practice: Women > 30 years, last smear mild Repeat cytology @ 6 months COLPO >  Mod or 3rd  consec. mild Recall @ 6 months Mild Recall @ 12 months Neg
TRIAGE of MILD DYSPLASIA for WOMEN OVER 30 HPV Testing: Use at 6 months Mild repeat @ 6 months HPV Cytology Colpo Repeat @ 12 m. HPV & Cytology Neg >  Mild Pos Recall @  24 months Neg
TRIAGE of High Risk WOMEN OVER 30 Current Practice: High risk flag set, last smear Neg (72,000 women) High Risk  Cytology Repeat Cytology  @ 6 months Mild  Colpo >  Mod Recall @ 12 months Neg
TRIAGE of High Risk WOMEN OVER 30 HPV Testing: Use at 6 months High Risk HPV Cytology Colpo Recall @ 12 months HPV & Cytology Neg >  Mild + Turn High Risk & recall @ 24 months Neg
Ontario HPV Pilot Project Cancer Care Ontario and Ministry of Health ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
 
 
PRIMARY SCREENING FOR WOMEN OVER 30 ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
TRIAGE of MILD DYSPLASIA for WOMEN OVER 30 ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
TRIAGE of High Risk WOMEN OVER 30 ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

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Cervical Cancer Screening - HPV - www.jinekolojivegebelik.com

  • 1. CERVICAL CANCER SCREENING: INCORPORATING HPV TESTING M.A. Bertrand, MD, FRCSC Professor & Head, Division of Gynecologic Oncology, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
  • 2.
  • 3. Epidemiology – Cancer of the Cervix
  • 4.
  • 7.
  • 8.
  • 9.
  • 10. Cervical Cancer – Actual / Expected Number of Deaths (Canada)
  • 11. Cervical Screening in Canada CCHOTA, May 2003, No response from PQ, NB, YK TBS 2001 N Y/N N NT/NV Mod. British N N Y BC TBS 2001 N N Y Alberta TBS 2001 N N Y Saskatchewan TBS 2001 N N Y Manitoba TBS 1991 N N Y PEI TBS 2001 N N Y Nova Scotia TBS 2001 On demand N Y Newfoundland TBS 2001 On demand Y Y Ontario Terminology HPV Testing Liquid Based Cytology Screening Program Province/ Territory
  • 12. Ontario Cervical Screening Practice Guidelines Cervical Screening Guidelines Development Committee of the Ontario Cervical Screening Program and the Gynecology Cancer Disease Site Group of Cancercare Ontario
  • 13.  
  • 14.  
  • 15. Guidelines Revision Process Ontario Cervical Screening Program Cancer Care Ontario Program in Evidence Based Care Cancer Care Ontario GYN Disease Site Group Screening Guidelines Development Committee QMPLS “ Weigh the Evidence”
  • 16. LBC is the preferred method for cervical cytology screening; however conventional Pap smears remain an acceptable method.
  • 17. A province wide cervical screening program with an adequate recall mechanism is recommended.
  • 18.  
  • 19.
  • 20. Initiation of Screening ACOG, American College of Obstetricians & Gynecologists; ACS, American Cancer Society; CTFPHE, Canadian Task Force on the Periodic Health Examination; IARC, International Agency for Research on Cancer; NHS, National Health Service, NZGG, New Zealand Guidelines Group; USPSTF, United States Preventive Services Task Force. All sexually active women CTFPHE 20 years of age for sexually active women NZGG 21 year of age or within 3 years of first intercourse ACOG, ACS, USPSTF 25 years of age IARC, NHS
  • 21.
  • 22. Cessation of Screening ACOG, American College of Obstetricians & Gynecologists; ACS, American Cancer Society; CTFPHE, Canadian Task Force on the Periodic Health Examination; IARC, International Agency for Research on Cancer; NHS, National Health Service, NZGG, New Zealand Guidelines Group; USPSTF, United States Preventive Services Task Force. Not enough evidence ACOG Age 65 USPSTF Age 70 NZGG Age 65 NHS Age 70 ACS Age 65 IARC
  • 23. Cessation of screening Screening may be discontinued after the age of 70 if there is an adequate negative screening history in the previous 10 years (i.e. 3-4 negative tests).
  • 24. Screening Interval ACOG, American College of Obstetricians & Gynecologists; ACS, American Cancer Society; CTFPHE, Canadian Task Force on the Periodic Health Examination; IARC, International Agency for Research on Cancer; NHS, National Health Service, NZGG, New Zealand Guidelines Group; USPSTF, United States Preventive Services Task Force. At least every 3 yrs USPSTF Every 3 yrs CTFPHE Every 3 yrs NZGG Every 3 yrs, age 25-50 then every 5 yrs NHS Annually under age 30 Every 2-3 yrs over age 30 ACOG, ACS Every 3 yrs, age 25-49 IARC
  • 25. These recommendations do not apply to those women who have had previous abnormal Pap tests. Screening at a 3 year interval is recommended, supported by an adequate recall mechanism. Screening interval ·  Screening should be done annually until there are 3 consecutive negative Pap tests. ·  Screening should continue every 2 to 3 years after three annual negative Pap tests.
  • 26. Women who have sex with women should follow the same screening recommendations as women who have sex with men. Pregnant women should be screened the same as women who are not pregnant . Discontinue cervical screening in women who have undergone total hysterectomy for benign causes. Immunocompromised or HIV positive women should receive annual screening.
  • 27.
  • 28.
  • 31. HPV Genome : Double–stranded DNA virus
  • 32.  
  • 33.  
  • 34.  
  • 35.  
  • 36.  
  • 37.  
  • 38. Management of cytologic abnormalities
  • 39. ASCUS and LSIL Mimics
  • 40. ASCUS
  • 41.
  • 42.  
  • 43.
  • 44.
  • 45.
  • 46.
  • 47.
  • 48.
  • 49.
  • 50.
  • 51.  
  • 52.
  • 53.
  • 54.
  • 55.
  • 56.
  • 57.
  • 58.
  • 59.
  • 60.
  • 61.
  • 62.
  • 63.
  • 64.
  • 65.
  • 66.
  • 67.
  • 68.
  • 69.
  • 72.
  • 73.
  • 75. Women with AGC should also receive endocervical and endometrial sampling, where appropriate. High grade SIL, ASC-H, Atypical Glandular cells Colposcopy
  • 76.
  • 77.
  • 79.
  • 80.
  • 81.
  • 82.
  • 83.
  • 84. Thank you for your attention
  • 86.  
  • 89. Cervical Cancer Screening Programs and Practices, Canada 2001
  • 90.
  • 91. ALTS Trial -ASCUS Triage As compared to prevalence of CIN 3 in immediate colposcopy arm – 11.4% 96% 99% NPV for CIN 3 17% 20% PPV for CIN 3 58% 53% Referred to colp 83.4% 92.4% Sensitivity – CIN 3 ASCUS / ASCUS ASCUS / HPV +
  • 92.  
  • 93.
  • 94. ALTS – Results by age % Referred to Colp Sensitivity for CIN 3 50% 64% Cytology follow up 31% 65% HPV testing 91% 88% Cytology follow up 94% 96% HPV testing Age >= 29 years Age 23-28 years
  • 95. CYTOLOGY COLPO .>MOD REPEAT @ 6 MONTHS PERSISTENT OF MILD FOR 2 YRS OR > MOD Recall @ 24 months Neg Mild PRIMARY SCREENING FOR WOMEN OVER 30 Current Practice : Women over 30, 3 consecutive negatives, not high risk, recall @ 24 m .
  • 96. PRIMARY SCREENING FOR WOMEN OVER 30 HPV: Screen every 3 years HPV Cytology Colpo + > Or = mild Recall @ 36 m Neg Repeat @ 12 m. HPV & cytology Neg
  • 97. TRIAGE of MILD DYSPLASIA for WOMEN OVER 30 Current Practice: Women > 30 years, last smear mild Repeat cytology @ 6 months COLPO > Mod or 3rd consec. mild Recall @ 6 months Mild Recall @ 12 months Neg
  • 98. TRIAGE of MILD DYSPLASIA for WOMEN OVER 30 HPV Testing: Use at 6 months Mild repeat @ 6 months HPV Cytology Colpo Repeat @ 12 m. HPV & Cytology Neg > Mild Pos Recall @ 24 months Neg
  • 99. TRIAGE of High Risk WOMEN OVER 30 Current Practice: High risk flag set, last smear Neg (72,000 women) High Risk Cytology Repeat Cytology @ 6 months Mild Colpo > Mod Recall @ 12 months Neg
  • 100. TRIAGE of High Risk WOMEN OVER 30 HPV Testing: Use at 6 months High Risk HPV Cytology Colpo Recall @ 12 months HPV & Cytology Neg > Mild + Turn High Risk & recall @ 24 months Neg
  • 101.
  • 102.  
  • 103.  
  • 104.
  • 105.
  • 106.