Oppenheimer Film Discussion for Philosophy and Film
Organizational patterns for speeches
1.
2. Organizing the Main Points
You MUST organize your main points
The biggest difference between an Informative speech
and a Persuasive speech is the ORGANIZATION of the
points.
Don’t just let your points “happen”…plan them!
3. Organizing Main Points
Strategies for organizing the main points of
the speech
Informative Patterns
Time
Chronological organization
Example:
Speech Topic: Airline Food
I. Early airline food: a gourmet treat
II. The middle period: institutional food at thirty
thousand feet
III. Today’s airline food: the passenger starves
4. Organizing Main Points
Strategies for organizing the main points of
the speech
Time
Topic
Organization according to speaker’s discretion,
types or categories
Example:
Speech Topic: College Students
I. Freshmen
II. Sophomores
III. Juniors
IV. Seniors
5. Organizing Main Points
Strategies for organizing the main points of the
speech
Time
Topic
Space/Geographical
Organization by area
Example:
Speech Topic: Great Lakes
I. Superior
II. Michigan
III. Huron
IV. Erie
V. Ontario
6. Organizing Main Points
Strategies for organizing the main points of a
persuasive speech
Cause and Effect
Organization by discussing a situation and its
causes or a situation and its effects.
Persuasive speeches have a third point:
Cause-Effect-Action or Cause-Effect-Solution
7. Organizing Main Points
Strategies for organizing the main points of
the speech
Time
Topic
Space/Geographical
Cause and Effect
Organization by discussing a situation and its
causes or a situation and its effects.
Informative OR Persuasive*
*Persuasive speeches have a third point:
Cause-Effect-Action or Cause-Effect-Solution
8. Cause and Effect Formats
Informative
I. Congested cities with more and more commuters are
causing the air pollution levels to rise.
II. More and more children are succumbing to lung problems
like asthma.
(You don’t ask your audience to DO anything about it in the
Informative example.)
Persuasive
I. Congested cities with more and more commuters are
causing the air pollution levels to rise.
II. More and more children are succumbing to lung problems
like asthma.
III. We need to convince our city to start utilizing buses and
sub- and railways more.
9. Organizing Main Points
Strategies for organizing the main points of
the speech
Cause/Effect
Problem/Solution
Organization by first discussing a problem and
then various solutions
Persuasive pattern – has two different 3rd point
options
Problem-Solution-Action
Problem-Solution-Benefit
10. Problem Solution Formats
Problem-Solution-Action
I. Poisonous chemicals are in our foods every day!
II. Organic foods are the solution to this problem.
III. Everyone in this classroom should make an effort to
buy organic foods.
Problem-Solution-Benefit
I. Poisonous chemicals are in our foods every day!
II. Organic foods are the solution to this problem.
III. Health problems related to ingestion of toxins will
slowly disappear, saving our bodies and reducing our
healthcare expenses.
11. Organizing Main Points
Strategies for organizing the main points of
the speech
Cause/Effect
Problem/Solution
Claim
Making assertions or points about a controversial
topic
12. Claim Pattern
Abolish the Death Penalty
I. It’s cruel and unusual
II. It’s not a deterrent
III. It’s too expensive
13. Organizing Main Points
Strategies for organizing the main points of
the speech
Cause/Effect
Problem/Solution
Claim
Refutation
Identifying objections to your topic and refuting
them
14. Organizing Main Points
Strategies for organizing the main points of
the speech
Cause/Effect
Problem/Solution
Claim
Refutation
Motivated Sequence
15. Motivated Sequence Pattern
Attention (Introduction)
Need (1st body paragraph, problem)
Satisfaction (2nd, solution)
Visualization (3rd, what it would look like)
Call to action (Conclusion)
16. Motivated Sequence Example
Attention (Introduction): Within 50 years, we’ll all be
stumbling through piles of trash!
Need: We must address the growing problem of waste
disposal in our communities.
Satisfaction: Creating more recycling facilities is the
answer!
Visualization: Can you picture what our streets will
look like if we don’t address this problem now?
Call to Action: Call or email the Dallas City Manager
today!