4. The Caravel
Developed in the 15th century on the
Atlantic coast of Spain and Portugal. Was
based on the design of the vessels used
by the Arabs (Muslims). It had two of
three masts with triangular (lateen) sails.
As time went by it increased in size with a
square sail on the foremast and lateen
sails on the others.
5. Caravel
The square and triangular shape
combination of the sails gave the ship the
ability to sail close to the wind, this was
essential if successful voyages were to be
made in regions where the wind pattern
was unknown. Sailors could now handle
the ship better at sea
10. The Astrolabe
Was used to tell the location of the ship at
seas using lines of latitudes. The astrolabe
was used to observe either the altitude of
the sun at midday or the altitude of the
polar star at night.
11. The Astrolabe
Itconsisted of little more than a
graduated metal circle with a revolving
pointer and a turning board in the centre.
13. The Quadrant
Thiswas a graduated quarter circle of
wood, with sighting holes mounted on
one edge, and a plumb-bob hanging
from the apex. This was used to
determine the location of the ship at sea.
15. Invention of Printing
With the invention of the printing press
information about geography, science,
literature and news could be copied and
passed on easily in the form of books,
charts and maps.
16. Weapons
Theearliest guns were probably produced
by the Arabs in North Africa about AD
1250. These were soon copied in Europe
and by the 15th century gunpowder and
guns of all description s were widely used.
Caravels soon carried cannons.
17. Assignment -Project
Define Unification, exploration,
nationalism, crusade, imperialism,
renaissance, colonialism, rivalry and
aristocracy
Research the life and activities of
Christopher Columbus in the form of a
project. Project should be hand-written. It
should include a biography of Columbus
as well as his four voyages to the New
World
18. Project Outline
Cover Page
Acknowledgement
Table of Contents
Content- Definition of terms, Biography,
voyage one, two, three and four.
Appendices-Pictures
Bibliography
