I am a PhD student in Sustainable Engineering at Arizona State University.
This is a PP of a paper I presented at the International Symposium on Sustainable Systems and Technology 2015 in Dearborn, Michigan http://issst2015.net/
The paper introduces Integral Theory as a tool for organizing, indexing, and linking resilience knowledge found among a dozen or so academic disciplines.
I also participated in a panel discussion at the inaugural ISSST Resilience Summit. A few of the 'Backup' slides were used to support the panel discussion.
Faculty Profile prashantha K EEE dept Sri Sairam college of Engineering
An Integral Approach to Organizing, Indexing, and Linking Resilience Knowledge
1. Arizona State University | Johnny Thomas | Sustainable Engineering | 2015 ISSST | 19 May 2015
An Integral Approach to
Organizing, Indexing, and
Linking Resilience Knowledge
Johnny Thomas, MSEE, MBA
PhD Student, Research Associate
Arizona State University
Sustainable Engineering
2. Arizona State University | Johnny Thomas | Sustainable Engineering | 2015 ISSST | 19 May 2015
2
Loma Prieta, 17 Oct. 1989, 7.1M
— 63 deaths
— 3,757 injured
— $6B property damage
3. Arizona State University | Johnny Thomas | Sustainable Engineering | 2015 ISSST | 19 May 2015
3
New Orleans
Mayor Ray Nagin
Coast Guard
Commandant
Thad Allen
President
George Bush
(Larry Downing / Reuters-Corbis, 2011)
— 1,833 died
— 200 Civil servants AWOL
— 25 Officers leave high stress areas
— 2 Officers commit suicide
— Poor leadership & judgment
— Criminal behavior
4. Arizona State University | Johnny Thomas | Sustainable Engineering | 2015 ISSST | 19 May 2015
4
(Larry Downing / Reuters-Corbis, 2011)
Hurricane Katrina:
a resilience failure
“as if no one was in control”
(Westrum, 2005)
5. Arizona State University | Johnny Thomas | Sustainable Engineering | 2015 ISSST | 19 May 2015
— 8,460 dead, >16,000 injured
— ~1M children needing urgent care
— 8M people impacted
5
Nepal, 25 April & 12 May 2014
7.8M / 7.3M
6. Arizona State University | Johnny Thomas | Sustainable Engineering | 2015 ISSST | 19 May 2015
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The number of
events is increasing!
(TISP, 2015)
7. Arizona State University | Johnny Thomas | Sustainable Engineering | 2015 ISSST | 19 May 2015
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(Gall, Borden, Emrich, & Cutter, 2011)
Losses
~$108B
Per Capita
Losses
>$350
HurricaneKatrina
(TISP, 2015)
>Losses
8. Arizona State University | Johnny Thomas | Sustainable Engineering | 2015 ISSST | 19 May 2015
Presidential Policy
Directive (PPD-21)
“U.S. efforts shall address the
security and resilience…”
(The White House, 2013)
8
National Infrastructure
Protection Plan 2013
Directs national policy
among Federal agencies
(U.S. Homeland Security, 2013)
9. Arizona State University | Johnny Thomas | Sustainable Engineering | 2015 ISSST | 19 May 2015
>3,700 Peer Reviewed
Journal Articles with
Resilience in the Title
9
(Baggio, Brown, & Hellebrandt, 2015)
10. Arizona State University | Johnny Thomas | Sustainable Engineering | 2015 ISSST | 19 May 2015
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11. Arizona State University | Johnny Thomas | Sustainable Engineering | 2015 ISSST | 19 May 2015
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An Integral Approach
Ability to hold multiple simultaneous
perspectives without marginalizing or
diminishing one over another
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Interior Exterior
IndividualGroup/Collective
Organizing
(Wilber, 2000)
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Interior Exterior
IndividualGroup/Collective
Subjective,“I”
1st person
Inter-subjective,“WE”
2nd person
Objective,“IT”
3rd person (singular)
Inter-objective,“ITS”
3rd person (plural)
Experience Behavior
Culture Systems
Holon: object,
subject, or
unit of inquiry
Organizing
(Wilber, 2000)
14. Arizona State University | Johnny Thomas | Sustainable Engineering | 2015 ISSST | 19 May 2015
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Interior Exterior
IndividualGroup/Collective
An Integral
Perspective of
Resilience
Research
Organizing
(Wilber, 2000)
15. Arizona State University | Johnny Thomas | Sustainable Engineering | 2015 ISSST | 19 May 2015
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Interior Exterior
IndividualGroup/Collective
Organizing
16. Arizona State University | Johnny Thomas | Sustainable Engineering | 2015 ISSST | 19 May 2015
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Interior Exterior
IndividualGroup/Collective
Resilience
Epistemology
Indexing
(Wilber, 2000)
17. Arizona State University | Johnny Thomas | Sustainable Engineering | 2015 ISSST | 19 May 2015
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Interior Exterior
IndividualGroup/Collective
Individual resilient
capacity indicators
Group resilient
capacity indicators
Individual resilient
process indicators
Group / system resilient
process indicators
Psychology &
Phenomenology
Behavior, actions
& Physicality
Culture &
Worldviews
Social, Ecological
&Technical Systems
Resilience
Epistemology
Indexing
(Wilber, 2000)
18. Arizona State University | Johnny Thomas | Sustainable Engineering | 2015 ISSST | 19 May 2015
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Interior Exterior
IndividualGroup/Collective
Zone 1
Zone 3
Zone 5
Zone 7
Zone 2 Zone 6
Zone 4 Zone 8
Indexing
(Wilber, 2000)
19. Arizona State University | Johnny Thomas | Sustainable Engineering | 2015 ISSST | 19 May 2015
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Icon Zone Domain Methods &Techniques
1 Experience Self-report, narrative, journaling
2 Experience Psychometrics (cognition, conation), observation
3 Culture Hermeneutics, interviews, role-playing, improv
4 Culture Ethnomethodology, moral & worldview analysis
5 Behavior Autopoiesis, modeling of cognitive & visual systems
6 Behavior SAAL, surveys, exams, empirical data collection
7 Systems System autopoiesis, network nodes (send / receive)
8 Systems SAAL, systems monitoring, modeling & analysis
Resilience Epistemological Index
Integral Approach (Esbjörn-Hargens, 2010;Wilber 2001)
Indexing
20. Arizona State University | Johnny Thomas | Sustainable Engineering | 2015 ISSST | 19 May 2015
A content-free
framework
for organizing,
indexing, and linking
resilience knowledge.
20
IntegralApproach
21. Arizona State University | Johnny Thomas | Sustainable Engineering | 2015 ISSST | 19 May 2015
Johnny.Thomas@asu.edu
WeWorldNetworks.com
21
ThankYou!
22. Arizona State University | Johnny Thomas | Sustainable Engineering | 2015 ISSST | 19 May 2015
Back-up Slides
22
Afternoon resilience summit
23. Arizona State University | Johnny Thomas | Sustainable Engineering | 2015 ISSST | 19 May 2015
What is resilience?
Capacity to absorb shock, return to homeostasis
(stable state) or re-organize (Reid & Botteril, 2013)
23
Basic construct interpreted among disciplines
24. Arizona State University | Johnny Thomas | Sustainable Engineering | 2015 ISSST | 19 May 2015
Engineering Resilience
— Time to return to steady
state (Holling, 1996)
— Complex adaptive system-
continuous adjustment
(Pendall, Foster, & Cowell, 2009)
24
Objects, devices & technical systems
25. Arizona State University | Johnny Thomas | Sustainable Engineering | 2015 ISSST | 19 May 2015
Human Resilience
— Ability to tolerate stress
amid extreme adversity
(Zautra, Hall, & Murray, 2010)
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People as individuals, groups, and organizations
26. Arizona State University | Johnny Thomas | Sustainable Engineering | 2015 ISSST | 19 May 2015
Four ways to see the world
(Ontology)
— Simultaneous perspectives, co-arising, tetra-mesh
— Co-nascent & mutually implicated in one another
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Four ways the world can be seen
(Epistemology)
Object
or Subject
of inquiry
Integral Approach (Esbjörn-Hargens, 2010;Wilber 2001)
27. Arizona State University | Johnny Thomas | Sustainable Engineering | 2015 ISSST | 19 May 2015
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Human Development
(Richardson, 2002)
(Brown & Westaway, 2011)
Sociology
(Norris & Stevens, 2007)
(Keck & Sakdapolrak, 2013)
Biology & Health
(Garcia-dia et al., 2013)
Neuroscience
(Feder, Nestler, & Charney, 2009)
Human Development
(Masten, 2001)
(Unger et al., 2013)
Management & Organization
(Luthans, 2002)
(Davy, Smith, Lating, 2011)
Human Resilience
Psychiatry
(Connor & Davidson, 2003)
(Herrman & Stewart, 2011)
Psychology
(Bonanno, 2004)
(Tugade & Fredrickson, 2004)
Experience Behavior
Culture Systems
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References
• Baggio, J.A., Brown, K., & Hellebrandt, D. (2015). Boundary object or bridging concept ? A citation network analysis of. Ecology and Society, 20(2).
• Bonanno, G. (2004). Loss,Trauma, and Human Resilience: Have We Underestimated the Human Capacity to Thrive After Extremely Aversive Events? The
American Psychologist, 59(1), 20–8. doi:10.1037/0003-066X.59.1.20
• Brand, F., & Jax, K. (2007). Focusing the Meaning (s) of Resilience: Resilience as a Descriptive Concept and a Boundary Object. Ecology and Society, 12(1).
Retrieved from http://www.ecologyandsociety.org/vol12/iss1/art23/ES-2007-2029.pdf
• Brown, K., & Westaway, E. (2011).Agency, Capacity, and Resilience to Environmental Change: Lessons from Human Development,Well-Being, and Disasters.
Annual Review of Environment and Resources, 36(1), 321–342. doi:10.1146/annurev-environ-052610-092905
• Connor, K. (2006).Assessment of Resilience in the Aftermath of Trauma. Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, (suppl 2). Retrieved from
http://breathofhopefoundation.org/articles/v67s0207_Resilience.pdf
• Connor, K. M., & Davidson, J. R.T. (2003). Development of a New Resilience Scale: the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC). Depression and Anxiety,
18(2), 76–82. doi:10.1002/da.10113
• Esbjörn-Hargens, S. (2007). Integral Teacher, Integral Students, Integral Classroom:Applying Integral Theory to Education. AQAL: Journal of IntegralTheory and
Practice, 1–42. Retrieved from http://integraleslebenwien.at/LS/Bil/Esbjorn-Hargens_Integral-Education.pdf
• Esbjörn-Hargens, S. (2010).An Overview of Integral Theory. In IntegralTheory in Action:Applied,Theoretical, and Constructive Perspectives on the AQAL Model (pp.
33–61). State University of NewYork Press.
• Esbjörn-Hargens, S., Zimmerman, M. (2009). Integral Ecology, Uniting Multiple Perspectives on the NaturalWorld. Integral Books.
• Everly, G. S., Davy, J.A., Smith, K. J., Lating, J. M., & Jr, F. C. N. (2011).A Defining Aspect of Human Resilience in the Workplace : Disaster Medicine and Public
Health Preparedness, 5(2).
• Fiksel, J. (2003). Designing Resilient, Sustainable Systems. Environmental Science &Technology, 37(23), 5330–5339. Retrieved from
http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/es0344819
• Fuhs, C. (2010).An Integral Map of Perspective Taking. In IntegralTheory in Action:Applied,Theoretical, and Constructive Perspectives on the AQAL Model (pp. 273–
302). SUNY.
• Hannah, S.T., & May, D. R. (2011). MORAL MATURATION AND MORAL CONATION :A CAPACITY APPROACH TO EXPLAINING MORAL THOUGHT
AND ACTION West Point – United States Military Academy. Academy of Management Review, 36(4), 663–685.
• Herrman, H., & Stewart, D. (2011).What is resilience? Canadian Journal of Psychiatry, 56(5). Retrieved from http://europepmc.org/abstract/MED/21586191
• Holling, C. (1996). Engineering ResilienceVersus Ecological Resilience. In EngineeringWithin Ecological Constraints (pp. 31–44).
• Keck, M., & Sakdapolrak, P. (2013).What is social resilience? Lessons Learned and Ways Forward. Erdkunde, 67(1), 5–19. doi:10.3112/erdkunde.2013.01.02
• Kumpfer, K. L. (1995). Factors and Processes Contributing to Resilience. In Resilience and Development: Positive Life Adaptations (pp. 179–224). Kluwer
Academic/Plenum Publishers.
• Luthans, F. (2002).The need for and meaning of positive organizational behavior. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 23(6), 695–706. doi:10.1002/job.165
• Masten,A., & Obradovic, J. (2008). Disaster preparation and recovery: Lessons from research on resilience in human development. Ecology and Society, 13(1).
Retrieved from http://ibcperu.org/doc/isis/8553.pdf
• Norris, F. H., & Stevens, S. P. (2007). Commentary on “ Five Essential Elements of Immediate and Mid-Term Mass Trauma Intervention : Empirical Evidence ”
Community Resilience and the Principles of Mass Trauma Intervention. Psychiatry 70(4), 70(4), 320–328.
• Park, J., Seager,T. P., Rao, P. S. C., Convertino, M., & Linkov, I. (2013). Integrating Risk and Resilience Approaches to Catastrophe Management in Engineering
Systems. Risk Analysis, 33(3), 356–67. doi:10.1111/j.1539-6924.2012.01885.x
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References (cont.)
• Pendall, R., Foster, K. a., & Cowell, M. (2009). Resilience and regions: building understanding of the metaphor. Cambridge Journal of Regions, Economy and
Society, 3(1), 71–84. doi:10.1093/cjres/rsp028
• Reich, J., Zautra,A. & Hall, J. (2010). Handbook of Adult Resilience.The Guilford Press.
• Reid, R., & Botterill, L. C. (2013).The Multiple Meanings of “Resilience”:An Overview of the Literature. Australian Journal of Public Administration, 72(1), 31–40.
doi:10.1111/1467-8500.12009
• Richardson, G. E. (2002).The Metatheory of Resilience and Resiliency. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 58(3), 307–321. doi:10.1002/jclp.10020
• Stokols, D., Lejano, R. P., & Hipp, J. (2013). Enhancing the Resilience of Human – Environment Systems : a Social Ecological Perspective. Ecology and Society,
18(1).
• The White House. (2013). Presidential Policy Directive/PPD-21.
• Tugade, M. M., & Fredrickson, B. L. (2004). Resilient Individuals Use Positive Emotions to Bounce Back from Negative Emotional Experiences. Journal of
Personality and Social Psychology, 86(2), 320–33. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.86.2.320
• U.S. Homeland Security. (2013). National Infrastructure Protection Plan 2013.
• Ungar, M., Ghazinour, M., & Richter, J. (2013).Annual Research Review:What is resilience within the social ecology of human development? Journal of Child
Psychology and Psychiatry, and Allied Disciplines, 54(4), 348–66. doi:10.1111/jcpp.12025
• Westrum, P. R. (2005).All Coherence Gone : New Orleans as a Resilience Failure. In 2nd symposium on resilience engineering. Juan-les-Pins, France.
• Wilber, K. (2001). ATheory of Everything:An integral vision for business, politics, science, and spirituality. Shambhala Publications.
• Wilber, K. (2006). Integral Spirituality. Integral Books.
Nepal Statistics: http://www.mercycorps.org/articles/nepal/quick-facts-what-you-need-know-about-nepal-earthquake
White House Photo: http://pixshark.com/situation-room-west-wing.htm