Lm household services-grade_9_1st and 2nd quarter

LM-Household Services Grade 9
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K to 12 Basic Education Program
TECHNOLOGY AND LIVELIHOOD EDUCATION
HOME ECONOMICS
LEARNER’S MATERIAL
HOUSEHOLD SERVICES

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Executive Summary
Have you ever imagined yourself being an excellent housekeeper?
Housekeepers who can create an aura of a house spotlessly clean with little
or no real help from others. It may seem rude awakening to face the day –to-
day task of dusting, sweeping, dishwashing and doing all other operations
that demand attention. But your problem is everyone’s problem too. Instead
of spending more time thinking about it, worry no more!
Here is a learners material that will help you find ways to maintain your
home through quick fixes and perform your daily task effectively.
It is a learners material that covers Personal Entrepreneurial
Competencies, Environment and Market and the core competencies namely
Cleaning living room, dining room, bedrooms, toilet and kitchen and; washing
and ironing clothes, linen and fabric.
Personal Entrepreneurial Competencies (PECs) section help the
learners recognize their own entrepreneurial traits and characteristics that
leads or engage them into entrepreneurial world and Environment and
Market (E&M) that give learners a good overview on seeking and
assessing business opportunities in the area of household services.
The core competencies in this book deals with the proper care and
maintenance of different parts of the house, doing and performing laundry
and ironing with the effective utilization of its cleaning tools and equipment
that helps lead in providing quality, efficient and effective household
services as prescribed by industry work standards.
Lesson in every learning outcome has been prepared with varieties of
assessment activities, which both teachers and learners will grasp fully
while enjoying learning. Indoor and Outdoor activities are also provided
that prepared learners exposed in the industry of work.

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It is designed in a collaborative approach that will directly develop both
the cognitive and psychomotor skills of students that will prepare them in
the world or work and lifelong learning.

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Introduction
Technology and Livelihood Education (TLE) is one of the nomenclature
in the implementation of the K to 12 Basic Education Program (BEP)
composed of four components; namely, Agri-Fishery Arts, Home Economics,
Industrial Arts and Information and Communication Technology. In this
module, the focus is on Home Economics course – Household Services.
In this course, varied and relevant activities and opportunities are
provided to demonstrate your understanding of concepts and core
competencies as prescribed in TESDA Training Regulation in Household
Services and provides quality services to target clients. This will also be a
venue for you to assess yourself and identify aspects of business that you
need to strengthen and safeguard before you become part of the workforce.
Today in the world of work, the number of available jobs is scars and
the Department of Education is revitalizing its resources to lead the young
minds and to prepare them skillfully as future house expert. It is in honing the
skills that learners can assure to have an edge of surviving the daily needs of
oneself and of others. It seeks to provide students with the knowledge,
attitude, values and skills in the field of Household Services.
This module is specifically crafted to focus on the different activities
that will assess your level in terms of skills and knowledge that you are
expected to demonstrate after going through this learner’s materials. Learning
procedures are divided into different sections - What to Know, What to
Process, What to Reflect and Understand, and What to Transfer. Read and
answer the suggested tasks and accomplish them to practice developing a
sustainable program, prioritizing needs and building a vision.
So, explore and experience the K to 12 TLE Household Services
module and be a step closer to be a successful Executive Housekeeper,
House Managers, Majordomos, or a Butler.
After finishing all the activities in this module, expect job opportunities and experience to
set up a business enterprise which will generate jobs for others.

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At the start of your journey in learning (Name of Module/ subject
matter)____________, the Personal Entrepreneurial Competencies and
entrepreneurial mindsets were introduced. In this concept review, you will be
reminded of these lessons and you get to assess whether or not you have the
competencies found among entrepreneurs. In addition, a brief lesson on the
Business Environment and Idea Generation is provided to help contextualize
how your skills might be useful for an entrepreneurial venture. Read on to
find out!
Entrepreneur
An entrepreneur is comprehensively defined by Zimmerer &
Scarborough (2005) as someone who “creates a new business in the face of
risk and uncertainty for the purpose of achieving profit and growth by
identifying significant opportunities and assembling the necessary resources
to capitalize on them” (p.3). They are the ones who act on their business
ideas.
Personal Entrepreneurial Competencies
There has been many studies to characterize “the entrepreneurial
personality”; although there is no isolated set of traits that guarantee success,
there were identified behaviors found common to most successful
entrepreneurs. There is a well-known research on human behavior done by
McClelland and McBer which identified 10 behavioral patterns organized into
three general clusters: the achievement, planning, and power clusters
(SERDEF, 2007; 1998). It was found out that these behaviors were also
typical entrepreneurial behaviors. The entrepreneurial qualities, more known
as the Personal Entrepreneurial Competencies (PECs) are as follows:
LEARNING OUTCOME 1:
ASSESS PERSONAL ENTREPRENEURIAL COMPETENCIES
CONCEPT REVIEW

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Achievement Cluster
 Opportunity seeking – Entrepreneurs have a good eye for
spotting business opportunities and acts on these opportunities
appropriately.
 Persistence - Entrepreneurs do not easily give up in the face of
obstacles. They will take repeated or different actions to
overcome the hurdles of business. This includes making a
personal sacrifice or extraordinary effort to complete a job.
 Commitment to work contract - Entrepreneur do their best to
satisfy customers and to deliver what is promised. They accept
full responsibility for problems when completing a job for
customers.
 Risk-taking - Entrepreneur are known for taking calculated risks
and doing tasks that are moderately challenging.
 Demand for efficiency and quality - Entrepreneur see to it that
the business meets or exceeds existing standards of excellence
and exerts efforts to improve past performance and do things
better. They set high but realistic standards.
Planning Cluster
 Goal setting - Entrepreneur knows how to set specific,
measurable, attainable, realistic, and time-bound (SMART)
goals. It is easy for them to divide large goals into short-term
goals.
 Information seeking - Entrepreneur update themselves with new
information about their customers, the market, suppliers, and
competitors. This is rooted to their innate sense of curiosity.
 Systematic planning and monitoring - Entrepreneurs develop
and use logical, step-by-step plans to reach their goals. They
monitor progress towards goals and to alter strategies when
necessary.

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Power Cluster
 Persuasion and networking - Entrepreneurs know how to use
the right strategies to influence or persuade other people. They
have naturally established a network of people who they can
turn to in order to achieve their objectives.
 Self-confidence - Entrepreneurs have a strong belief in
themselves and their own abilities. They have self-awareness
and belief in their own ability to complete a difficult task or meet
a challenge.
Assess your Personal Entrepreneurial Competencies by answering the items in the
next page.

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Personal Entrepreneurial Competencies (PECs) Self-rating Questionnaire
Read each statement carefully and answer honestly based on how well it describes
you.
There are five choices as follows:
Please write the number you have selected on the space before
each statement. Some statements may be similar but no
two are exactly alike. Please go through each statement
and answer all the items.
Rating
______1.I look for things that need to be done.
______2.When I am faced with a difficult problem, I spend a lot of time trying to find a
solution.
______3.I complete my work on time.
______4.It bothers me when things are not done very well.
______5.I prefer situations in which I can control the outcomes as much as possible.
______6.I like to think about the future.
______7.When starting a new task or project, I gather a great deal of information before
going ahead.
______8.I plan a large project by breaking it down into smaller tasks.
______9.I get others to support my recommendations.
______10.I feel confident that I will succeed at whatever I try to do.
______11.No matter whom I’m talking to, I’m a good listener.
______12.I do things that need to be done before being asked to by others.
______13.I try several times to get people to do what I would like them to do.
______14.I keep the promises I make.
______15.My own work is better than that of other people work with.
______16.I don’t try something new without making sure I will succeed.
______17.It’s a waste of time to worry about what to do with your life.
______18.I seek the advice of people who know a lot about the tasks I am working on.
______19.I think about the advantages and disadvantages or different ways of accomplishing
things.
______20.I do not spend much time thinking how to influence others.
______21.I change my mind if others disagree strongly with me.
______22.I feel resentful when I don’t get my way.
______23.I like challenges and new opportunities.
______24.When something gets in the way of what I’m trying to do, I keep on trying to
accomplish what I want.
______25.I am happy to do someone else’s work if necessary to get the job done on time.
______26.It bothers me when my time is wasted.
______27.I weigh my chances of succeeding or failing before I decide to do something.
______28.The more specific I can be about what I want out of life, the more chances I have
to succeed.
______29.I take action without wasting time gathering information.
______30.I try to think of all the problems I may encounter and plan what to do if each
problem occurs.
______31.I get important people to help me accomplish my goals.
______32.When trying something challenging, I feel confident that I will succeed.
5 – Always
4 – Usually
3 – Sometimes
2 – Rarely
1 - Never

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Please proceed to the next section where you may determine your
score. The point system will indicate whether you manifest strong tendencies
or weak inclinations towards a particular behavior.
Source: Liberal, AE. E. (2007). Appraising and developing yourself for an
entrepreneurial career. (Eds.) Maghirnf, T., Librando, P., Esguerra, D.,
&Recio, D.In Introduction to Entrepreneurship. Quezon City: Small
Enterprises Research and Development Foundation, Inc. in cooperation with
UP-ISSI. pp: 41-43.
Rating
______33.In the past, I have had failures.
______34.I prefer activities that I know well and with which I am comfortable.
______35.When faced with major difficulties, I quickly go on to other things.
______36.When I am doing a job for someone, I make a special effort to make sure that
person is happy with my work.
______37.I am never entirely happy with the way things are done; I always think there must
be a better way.
______38.I do things that are risky.
______39.I have a very clear plan for my life.
______40.When working on a project for someone, I ask many questions to be sure I
understand what that person wants.
______41.I deal with problems as they arise, rather than spend time trying to anticipate them.
______42.In order to reach my goals, I think of solutions that benefit.
______43.I do very good work.
______44.There have been occasions when I took advantage of someone.
______45.I try things that are very new and different from what I have done before.
______46.I try several ways to overcome things that get in the way of reaching my goals.
______47.My family and personal life are more important to me than work deadlines I set for
myself.
______48.I find ways to complete tasks faster at work and at home.
______49.I do things that others consider risky.
______50.I am as concerned about meeting my weekly goals as I am for my yearly goals.
______51.I go to several different sources to get information for tasks or projects.
______52.If one approach to a problem does not work, I think of another approach.
______53.I am able to get people who have strong opinions or ideas to change their minds.
______54.I stick with my decisions even if others disagree strongly with me.
______55.When I don’t know something, I don’t mind admitting it.

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PEC’s Scoring Sheet
Please enter your ratings in the PECs scoring sheet. The number in
parenthesis corresponds to the questionnaire item number. Notice that the
item numbers are listed consecutively for each column. Perform the addition
and subtraction as indicated in each row to compute for each PECs.
Rating of Statements Score PECs
+ + - + + 6 = Opportunity
(1) (12) (23) (34) (45) Seeking
+ + - + + 6 = Persistence
(2) (13) (24) (35) (46)
+ + + - + 6 = Commitment to
(3) (14) (25) (36) (47) work contract
+ + + - + 6 = Demand for Efficiency
(4) (15) (26) (37) (48) & Quality
- + + + + 6 = Risk taking
(5) (16) (27) (38) (49)
- + + + + 6 = Goal setting
(6) (17) (28) (39) (50)
+ - + + + 6 = Information seeking
(7) (18) (29) (40) (51)
+ + - + + 6 = Systematic planning
(8) (19) (30) (41) (52) & monitoring
- + + + + 6 = Persuasion &
(9) (20) (31) (42) (53) Networking
- + + + + 6 = Self-confidence
(10) (21) (32) (43) (54)
- - - + + 18 = Correction Factor
(11) (22) (33) (44) (55)
Source: Liberal, AE. E. (2007). Appraising and developing yourself for an entrepreneurial
career. (Eds.) Maghirang, T., Librando, P., Esguerra, D., & Recio, D. In Introduction
to Entrepreneurship. Quezon City: Small Enterprises Research and Development
Foundation, Inc. in cooperation with UP-ISSI. pp: 43-44.

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The PECs Scoring Sheet with Correction Factor
The Correction Factor is used to provide a more accurate assessment
of the PECs of each respondent. If the total score of items 11, 22, 33, 44,
and 55 is 20 or greater, then the total score on the ten PECs must be
corrected. Use the table below to determine the corrected score.
If the correction
factor is:
Subtract the following
number from each PECs
score:
24 or 25 7
22 or 23 5
20 or 21 3
19 or less 0
Correct each PECs score before using the Profile Sheet
Corrected Score Sheet
PECs Original Correction Corrected Score
Opportunity seeking - =
Persistence - =
Commitment to work
contract
- =
Demand for quality &
efficiency
- =
Risk taking - =
Goal setting - =
Information seeking - =
Systematic planning &
monitoring
- =
Persuasion & networking - =
Self-confidence - =
Corrected Total Score:
Source: Liberal, AE. E. (2007). Appraising and developing yourself for an
entrepreneurial career. (Eds.) Maghirang, T., Librando, P., Esguerra, D., & Recio, D.
In Introduction to Entrepreneurship. Quezon City: Small Enterprises Research and
Development Foundation, Inc. in cooperation with UP-ISSI. pp: 44-45.

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Personal Entrepreneurial Competencies (PECs) Profile Sheet
Transfer the corrected PECs score to the profile sheet by
marking an “X” at the appropriate point on the horizontal line provided
for each PEC category. After plotting your PECs score, connect all the
“Xs” with a heavy line.
SAMPLE PECs PROFILE
Opportunity seeking
Persistence
Commitment to work contract
Demand for quality &
efficiency
Risk taking
Goal setting
Information seeking
Systematic planning &
monitoring
Persuasion & networking
Self-confidence
Interpretation
A lower score means a ‘weak’ performance and a higher score
translates to a ‘strong’ performance on a particular competency. A
‘weak’ performance should be regarded as a challenge or an
opportunity for improvement rather than a cause for worry. Improving
a competency entails enough determination, correct practice and
strategies, and time for maturation.
0 5 10 15 20
25
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X

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Source: Liberal, AE. E. (2007). Appraising and developing yourself for
an entrepreneurial career. (Eds.) Maghirang, T., Librando, P.,
Esguerra, D., & Recio, D. In Introduction to Entrepreneurship.
Quezon City: Small Enterprises Research and Development
Foundation, Inc. in cooperation with UP-ISSI. pp: 45-46.

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Business Environment and Market
The study of the business environment in a particular location
has far-reaching and long-term effects on a small or micro enterprise’s
viability. In fact, business ideas and opportunities are partly shaped or
determined by the business location. Unless it is possible to migrate to
more favorable locations, the ideas and opportunities for business will
oftentimes be delimited to the surrounding areas.
The business environment consists of both the tangible and
intangible factors that affect either the external or internal business
operations. They may include the land area available for economic
zones, the physical layout and barriers such as rivers, parks or lakes,
and building obstructions as well as the transportation network; all of
which are considered tangible factors. They also include the
demography of clients and suppliers, the competitors in the locale/area
and the available technology for production. The intangible factors, on
the other hand, include the sub-culture, industry trends, economic and
government activity or the political situations in the area.
LEARNING OUTCOME 2:
UNDERSTAND BUSINESS ENVIRONMENT & BUSINESS IDEAS

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Natural and Physical Environment. This concerns the
physical location of a business’ store. The natural environment also
pertains to the natural and man-made structures that may enhance the
beauty of the location, such as a park or a sea front view, or serve as
barrier to the location, such as a dump site or high rise structures that
obstruct a view. The living condition in an area also serves as a
standard for the ambience you want to create for your store.
There is also a phenomenon referred to as clustering, where a
particular type of product is offered within the same area. For
instance, most guitar shops are clustered along the intersection of V.
Mapa and Aurora Avenue in Metro Manila; Filipino craft stores crowd
the area under the Quiapo bridge; or car accessories are found in
Banawe area.
The key word to have in mind when scanning the physical
environment is the visibility of your intended store to the potential
clients.
YOUR
BUSINESS
Culture
Sub-culture,
Race, Emotional
environment
Economy
National
International
- Competitors
Technology
Trend
Production
Demography
Potentialtarget
client,migration
pattern
Natural & Physical
Environment
Livingconditions,
Facilities,Barriers
Government
Regulations
Policies

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Demography. This pertains to the number of people living in
the area, their age, gender, socio-economic status, family size, religion
and even growth trends. These are invaluable information that can
help entrepreneurs in matching their product to the target market, in
deciding for the marketing strategy, pricing and product packaging
among others.
Culture. Culture or sub-culture, being the totality of the way of
life, ideas and customs of a set of people or society, primarily influence
the types of products that are acceptable to a particular locality. For
example, the influence of the Japanese culture gave rise to minimalist
designs. A sub-culture also shapes the ‘emotional’ environment of an
area. For instance, the feeling of ‘fear’ for a specific location may
serve as a barrier for a business; a place where one does not feel safe
because of the prevalence of crime will discourage entrepreneurs.
Changes in the lifestyle, which is brought about by changes in
the population demography and the economy, also affect a business.
These lifestyle changes may be the increase of women’s participation
in the world of work, change in buying patterns and shift in tastes.
Government Regulations. The laws and policies of the
national and local government units also influence the business
operations. Some examples of policies that directly affect
entrepreneurs are the imposition or removal of taxes for products, the
establishment of economic zones and assistance in product labeling
and packaging of products. In addition, improvement of facilities and
roads improve transportation network that facilitates transfer of
products from one area to another or promotes accessibility for
consumers.
Economy. This pertains to the management of resources and
study of the system of production, distribution, and consumption of
goods and services. A country’s economy influences both the
entrepreneurs and consumers as it relates to the financial matters of
business like taxes and interest rates and to the quality of life, cost of
utilities and services, among others. Even small scale entrepreneurs
must learn to study economic indicators to improve business forecasts,
such as when to buy certain materials and supplies, when to open a
store or introduce new products based on consumer spending, or
when to hire employees. Some examples of economic indicators
include the (a) Gross Domestic Product (GDP) which increases when a
country’s economy is doing good; (b) Unemployment rate which

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indicates that more unemployed people usually signal an economy
getting worse; and (c) Price Indexes and Inflation rates which
determine the buying power of consumers.
The existing enterprises, who are either direct or indirect
competitors, are also part of the business environment. It is important
to scout for products or services that answer a similar need to what
you intend to provide. Think of how you can create a niche that will
differentiate your product from the other businesses – either in
specifying a target market or in differentiating your product quality or
price. The key concept to think about is acquiring a reasonable market
share despite of the competition.
Technology. Technological changes are inventions based on
the application of science that create new product or process
improvements. Some examples of technological changes are mobile
tools that enable online connection, new business tools for analysis
and database, social networks and modern, digital equipment. These
advances in technology result to efficiency and productivity at a lesser
cost. It can be observed that sending message through e-mail
provides a cheaper and faster means compared to hand-delivered
mails (snail mails). An entrepreneur can benefit from technological
changes by identifying the appropriate technological solution available
in the area or locale.
At this point, it must be quite clear why an environment
scanning of an area considered as business site is helpful for the
entrepreneur. In effect, the impact of the factors in the business
environment does not only include the business operation but is even
relevant at the start of the venture – during the business idea
generation and opportunity identification stage. A concise guide on
how to spot and identify business opportunities are provided in the
following section. Keep reading!
Spotting and Identifying Business Opportunities
Spotting business opportunities is one of the most essential
aspects of entrepreneurship. An entrepreneur must have a keen eye
for identifying opportunities that can potentially turn into a good product
or business venture. At the same time, an entrepreneur should also
know which opportunities to drop and which ones to develop.

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Idea Generation
The first step in identifying a good business opportunity is to
look for many opportunities. This is called the idea generation phase
(SERDEF, 2007). The following are good sources of business ideas
(Hisrich, Peters, & Shepherd, 2008; Looser & Schlapfer, 2001).
1. Personal hobbies and interests
2. Everyday experiences, travel, and adventures
3. Suggestions from family members and friends
4. Problems that need solutions
5. Problems with existing products
6. Books, magazines, news
7. Observing, listening around you
Screening Business Ideas
Once you have generated a number of business opportunities and
ideas, the next step is to select and screen these. Though there can be
many ways to do this, a good way to proceed is to screen your ideas
based on the following criteria: 1) your personality and personal
preferences and 2) the characteristics of a good business (SERDEF,
2007).
1. Personality and Personal Preferences
a. Personal Preference
b. Education, Skills, and Experience
c. Work Experience
d. Support from family and friends
2. Characteristics of a good business
a. Demand for Product
b. Availability of skills, raw materials, technology, and capital
c. Profitability
SWOT Analysis
Once you have chosen your business idea, the next step is to
conduct a SWOT analysis in order to determine the Strengths,
Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats of your potential business.
This step will help you improve your business of choice and prepare for
challenges. The table below will help you differentiate among these
four features.

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Remember to refer back to these guidelines and tools when you
are ready to think of your next business ideas!
Positive Negative
Controllable
Factors
Strengths
positive factors that
contribute to the
favorability of a
business opportunity
Examples:
Cheap raw materials
Skilled employees
Ease of management
Small capital outlay
Weaknesses
set of problems,
difficulties or
shortcomings
encountered by the
business
Examples:
Inexperienced owner
Lack of working
capital
Poor location
Uncontrollable
Factors
Opportunities
positive factors that
are not within the
control of the business.
Examples:
Absence of similar
products in the market
New markets being
developed
Growing demand for
similar products
Favorable
government policy
Threats
negative factors that
are beyond the
control of the
business
Examples:
Rising costs
Raw material
shortages
Too many
competitors

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REFERENCES:
Histrich, R., Peters, M., & Shepherd, D. (2008). Entrepreneurship. New
York: McGraw-Hill.
Liberal, A.E. (2007). Appraising and developing yourself for an
entrepreneurial career. In T. Maghirang, P. Librando, D. Esguerra, & D.
Recio (eds.), Introduction to entrepreneurship (2nd
ed.). Quezon City:
Small Enterprises Research and Development Foundation, Inc.
Looser, U. & Schläpfer, B. (2001). The new venture adventure. New York:
McKinsen and Company.
Zimmerer, T. and Scarborough, N. (2005). Essentials of entrepreneurship
and small business management. 4th
ed. New Jersey: Pearson
Education Inc.
CREDITS FOR IMAGE USED:
Fat Pencil courtesy of OpenClipArt.org
Free font “KGWays to Say Goodbye” by Kimberly Geswein at
www.dafont.com
Good start! After learning PECs and Environment and Market, you’re
qualified to move on to our first lesson of Quarter 1, which is cleaning
different parts of the house. But answer first
Diagnostic Test prepared for you. Time to explore and enjoy! Good luck!

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Diagnostic Assessment
A. MATCHING TYPE
Direction. Match the item in Column A with those
in Column B. Write the correct letter in your answer
sheet.
A B
______1. Resilient floors which is commonly used in household
______2. A collectible piece of furniture that is very expensive
because of its considerable age
______3. Removing stains through friction
______4. A type of linen that protects the bed mattress against
blood stains and urine.
______5. Solid waste materials that are non compostable and non-
recyclable
______6. It is repairing a hole by weaving in new threads. It is
usually done on sock heels or sweater elbows of cotton
and wool fabrics.
______7. This is basic stitching lines where parts are joined
together. This is where the seams are not stitched
correctly.
______8. This soil remover is milder than detergents because they
are made of mild and natural materials.
______9.This soil remover is a strong, fast acting and very effective
for cotton, linen, and synthetic fabrics.
______10. It is the process of removing mark or spot
eradicate by one substance on a specific
surface like fabric
a. antique
b. bed pad
c. bedcover
d. chemical
method
e. residual
waste
f. special waste
g. soft floor
h. physical
method
i. torn seam
j. darning
k. soap
l. chlorine
m. stain

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IDENTIFICATION
Direction. Identify the following term that is being asked.
Write the correct word/term in your answer sheet.
_______1. Type of floors that is durable, versatile and not easily pierced floor.
_______2. The application of coats of wax to the floor to make it appear
glossy and appealing
_______3. Spots and stains removal process with the use and application of
chemical solutions
_______4. A thick bed covering that is filled with soft light material.
_______ 5. Hygienic means of promoting health through prevention of human
contact with the hazards of waste.
_______ 6.This is a long, narrow padded board, often with collapsible
supporting legs, used as a working surface for ironing.
_______ 7. A home appliance consisting of a flat metal base that is heated
and used to smooth cloth.
________8. Cutting a piece of cloth of the same material to cover a hole or
tear.
________9. It is a device in the shape of human shoulders designed to
facilitate the hanging of coat, jacket, sweater, shirt, blouse, or
dress in a manner that prevents wrinkles, with a lower bar for the
hanging of trouses or skirts.
______10. This is a kind of stain that can be treated by brushing spot with a
soft brush. You can also scratch ring around with fingernail. For
remaining spots, rotate that part of garment above streaming
spout of tea kettle-first covering spout with cheesecloth.

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B. MODIFIED TRUE OR FALSE
Direction. Read and analyze the statements below. Write the word
true if the statement is correct, if not change the underline word/s that will
make the statement correct.
1. Granite is the most expensive and very attractive type of floor.
2. Clearing is the final step in floor cleaning, which involves
removal of tucked in dirt through the use of cleaners.
3. Armchair, bed, coffee table and cabinets are some examples of
fixture and fittings
4. Placemat is a protective table pad that is usually made of paper,
plastic, or cloth for restaurants and household used which is
otherwise known as tablecloth
5. Papers, plastics and metals are classified as compostable
waste.
6. Pressing is just the same with ironing.
7. There is no prescribed place for ironing clothes.
8. Iron has its prescribed heat setting for a particular type of fabric.
9. To save time money and effort it is not important to keep in mind
the safety work habits.
10. Use bleaches directly on the fabric. This will remove stain
immediately.

24
C. CASE STUDY
Direction. Read the situations below and choose the letter
that corresponds to your answer. Justify your answer by
completing the statement below.
1. One Saturday morning your mother asked you to clean your
house especially the floor. Since you have vinyl type floor, what
will be the best cleaning procedures you will do to perform your
task effectively?
a. Use mild detergent, rinse and dry it with vacuum.
b. Use strong detergent, rinse and remove water
promptly.
c. Use neutral detergent solution, rinse and dry it with
vacuum.
d. Use neutral detergent; damp it with mop and air dry.
My answer is _____ because_______________________
2. After class hours your teacher asked you and your friend to clean
the floor of the corridor using floor mop. What other cleaning
tool you will get with your partner to make your work easier and
faster.
a. cleaning cloth
b. mop wringer
c. scrubbing pads
d. vacuum cleaner
My answer is _____ because________________________
3. While doing your school homework the candle you used for your
experiment drip and mark in your dining table. What will be the
best way to remove the stains and spots caused by the candle?
a. Table surface will be wiped immediately
b. Use clean cloth to wipe the affected area immediately
then put clean cloth and press it with an iron
c. Place a white blotter soaked in lighter fluid over the spot
and let it dry.

25
d. Use spatula, cloth with liquid wax and wipe it with a clean
cloth
4. Barangay North Fairview strictly implemented Clean and Green project
where every neighbor will clean their area and follow proper waste
segregation. With these activity barangay North Fairview greatly
supports to;
a. Beautification project
b. Global warming
c. Recycling
d. Waste Management
5. In HE class, your group is task to prepare and cook pasta following the
correct procedures. All members are assigned different responsibility
for the cooking activity. You are assigned to bring tools that will strain
the pasta after boiling. What will you bring?
a. colander
b. peller
c. spatula
d. steamer
6. Jessica will be attending a Junior-Senior high school prom and she
will sew her own gown. What particular type of fabric she will be
using?
a. Velvet
b. Wool
c. Curdoroy
d. Satin

26
7. Enzo was given an assignment by his teacher in TLE. He was
told to sew a long-sleeve polo shirt to be worn for the upcoming
Annual Fashion Show. What type of fabric will he buy to sew a
long sleeve?
a. Cotton
b. Velvet
c. Silk
d. Satin
8. Grandmother went to the parlor for manicure, she accidentally
touch her shirt by her new apply nail polish. How will she
remove it.
a. Damped stain with carbon tetrachloride.
b. Put the stain area of a top blotter or absorbent paper
towels.
c. Wash out stain immediately after it has been spilled with
clear water.
d. Rub lard or white Vaseline or glycerin?
9. Father is cooking dinner for the family, while cutting vegetable
he accidentally hit his index finger. He presses his finger with
his towel, so, bloodstain left in his towel. How will he remove
the bloodstain in the towel?
a. Allow the stain to dry. Brush of any hard residue, then
launder to remove any marks
b. Soak entire garment in cool water. Then soak in an
enzyme – based detergent
c. Brush spot with a soft brush.
d. Scrape off as much as wax as possible.

27
10. Jason came late after the class due to heavy rain. He was walking
on the muddy road way home. His pants smudge with plenty of mud
stain. How will he remove the mud stain?
a. Allow stain to dry. Brush of any hard residue, then launder to
remove any remaining marks.
b. Flush with cool water, then sponge stain with a dry- cleaning
solvent.
c. Soak the stained garment for 15 minutes in a bucket of cold
water mixed with handful of salt.
d. Brush spot with a soft brush. You can also scratch ring spots,
rotate that part of garment above streaming.

28
QUARTER I
Lesson1:
CLEAN LIVING ROOM, DINING ROOM, BEDROOMS,
BATHROOM AND KITCHEN
Learning Outcome 1:
Clean surfaces and floors
Objectives:
At the end of the lesson, the learner is expected to:
1. Explain the types of floor and surface texture
2. Perform cleaning, sweeping and polishing techniques of different
household areas as per standard operating procedures.
3. Demonstrate proper maintenance of floor in accordance with
relevant safety procedures and manufacturer’s instructions.
This lesson with the learning competencies clean surfaces and
floors discusses and explain the types of floors and surface texture.
Techniques in cleaning, sweeping and polishing following the standard
procedures are also demonstrated which will guide you in developing
the skills and knowledge to work effectively in industry and with your
daily tasks.

29
Pre - test: Let’s See What You Know
A. MULTIPLE CHOICE
Direction. Read the statement carefully and write
the letter that best describes the statement. Put your
answer in your answer sheet.
1. Type of floor that is durable, versatile and not easily pierced.
a. hard floor c. vinyl
b. soft floor d. terra cotta
2. Type of floor which is durable, light weight, easy to clean and
has anti bacterial properties.
a. bamboo floor c. linoleum
b. concrete d. marble
3. Mixture of sand and cement with gravel, broken stone and
other elements.
a. ceramic c. linoleum
b. concrete d. terra cotta
4. Similar to linoleum but it is more durable and highly resistant to
moisture.
a. rubber flooring c. wood floors
b. pebble washout d. vinyl
5. Floor surface texture developed through intense heat treated
with sealer and very porous.
a. bush hammered c. sawn
b. flamed d. tumbled
6. Major consideration for successful flooring.
a. spacing c. surface texture
b. styles d. versatility
7. The function of white scouring pads in cleaning.
a. cleaning painted surfaces
b. cleaning glass mirrors
c. cleaning marble and porcelain

30
d. all of the above
8. The process which includes clearing, stripping, sealing and
finishing surfaces
a. bed making c. washing
b. floor cleaning d. sweeping
9. The process that uses a lightly wet mop to clear the floor with
dirt and soil.
a. damp mopping c. floor stripping
b. dust mopping d. plain polishing
10.Floor cleaning process which involves elimination of
embedded dirt, oil and old layers in the floors.
a. finishing c. sealing
b. maintaining d. stripping
11.The process that removes dirt and trash from the floor
a. Shampooing c. spray buffing
b. Sweeping d. vacuuming
12.The process of eliminating embedded dirt on floors using a
vacuum cleaner
a. extraction c. spray buffing
b. plain polishing d. vacuuming
13.Cleaning equipment used for dry foam shampooing of carpets.
a. carpet extractor c. floor polisher
b. carpet sweeper d. vacuum cleaner
14.Equipment for cleaning and dusting the floor.
a. cleaning cloth c. mop
b. dustpan d. scrubbing pads
15.The removable furniture that can be moved from one area to
another.
a. antique c. cantilevered
b. built – in d. upholstered

31
16.Classification of sofas and chairs in furniture selection.
a. cantilevered c. free standing
b. fitted d. upholstered
17.Below are examples of fixtures and fittings except one:
a. air condition c. wardrobe
b. doors d. telephone
18.One of the principles to follow when arranging furniture
a. budget c. time
b. color d. unity
19.Easiest stain to remove by just completely rinsing in cold water
with cool biological soak.
a. Greasy stains c. Protein stains
b. Organic stains d. Tannin stains
20.These are stains that do not fall into any specific grouping such
as scorch and chewing gum.
a. Combination stains c. Organic stains
b. Dye stains d. Special stains

32
Lesson 1.1
TYPES OF FLOOR AND SURFACE TEXTURE
Floors are important aspect of house interiors as they
are both functional and decorative. It can make a good aura in the
over - all appearance which enhances the uniqueness and
ambiance of one’s residence.
Floors come in a wide variety of colors, shapes, sizes,
and styles, which adds to its versatility. The type of floor used can
give a great impression when used at home, hotels or other
establishments.
Types of Floor
1. Hard floors
These are durable, versatile and not easily pierced which
comes in different sizes and colors. They are usually used in the
living and dining rooms, terraces and sometimes in the utility
area.
Hard floors include the following:
a. Bamboo floors
- a form of flooring that is made from bamboo grass
which is attractive alternative for flooring because of its
physical similarities to hardwoods. It is durable, elegant,
versatile, and insects and moisture resistance.
b. Ceramic Tiles
- it emulates the look of natural stone products, which
are an excellent alternative for the value-oriented buyer
since it is less expensive than other type of floors. These
are hard, brittle, heat resistant products which comes
unglazed or with high glaze.

33
c. Concrete
- a mixture of sand and cement with gravel, broken stone and
other elements, which could be formed into a desired form.
d. Granite
- are expensive and more attractive types of floor
e. Marble
- are products that are processed from blocks that are
quarried everywhere in the world. It comes in variety of sizes
and colors, which primarily comprised of calcium carbonate and
other minerals.
f. Pebble washout
- a mixture of cements and river stones, where color depends
on the stones used in the mixture and the cement.
g. Laminate flooring
- are cheaper and they are easy to maintain. Is virtually
resistant to burns, scratches, chipping and is great for high
traffic areas.
h. Terra Cotta
- are hard baked clay tile reddish or red – yellow colors.
i. Wood floors
- a hard floor type that manufactured from timber which is
either structural or aesthetic. A common choice due to its
durability, restorability and environmental benefits.

34
2. Soft floors
Otherwise known as resilient floors which is one of the
commonly used in household.
Soft floors are classified as follows:
a. Rubber flooring
- an environmentally friendly natural product, which can be
textured or profiled, it has an anti slip inclusions which require a
more aggressive cleaning regime than smooth rubber floors.
Is a durable, lightweight and easy to clean, but often
has a smooth finish, which is likely to be slippery when wet.
b. Vinyl
- one of the finest choices for its long lasting quality and
affordability among other types of floors. Similar to linoleum but
it is more durable and highly resistant to moisture.
Mainly used in offices, malls and residential areas for it’s easy
to maintain and with a cheaper cost.
c. Linoleum
- an environmentally friendly type with natural antibacterial
properties, which is durable, lightweight and easy to clean, but
usually, has a smooth finish. Usually comes rolled and ready to
install
d. Carpet
- a floor or stair covering made from thick woven fabric,
typically shaped to fit a particular room.
Surface texture of floors is also considered in the choice of
floors to be used. Below are the different types of surface texture of
floors.
Bush Hammered
develops a textured surface where degree of roughness can be
selected

35
Flamed
a rough surface that developed through intense heat. It is very
porous and must be treated with sealers.
Honed
this surface is very smooth, but often very porous. This texture is
common in high traffic buildings which is always be protected with
penetrating sealer because of it has wide – open pores.
Polished
very smooth and not very porous. It is a glossy surface that brings
out brilliant colors and grains of the natural stone.
Sand Blasted
a surface type that is the result of a pressurized flow of sand and
water that provides a textured surface with a matte gloss.
Sawn
a process performed by using a gang saw
Tumbled
a slightly rough texture that is achieved by tumbling small pieces of
marble, limestone, and sometimes granite to achieve an archaic /
worn appearance.

36
Review of Lesson 1.1
A. DISCUSS THE TYPES OF FLOOR
Direction. Write inside the box the appropriate
characteristics of the type of floor.
Ceramic
tiles
Marble Concrete
Vinyl Linoleum Rubber

37
A. CLASSIFICATION OF THE TYPES OF FLOOR
Direction. Classify the following floor types accordingly.
Write the initial HF for hard floor and SF for soft floor. Put your
answer on your notebook.
_______1. Ceramic tiles ________6. Concrete
_______2. Terra Cotta ________7. Vinyl
_______3. Rubber flooring ________ 8. Linoleum
_______4. Bamboo floors ________9. Pebble
_______5. Wood floors ________10. Marble
B. DEMONSTRATION ON CLEANING THE FLOOR
Direction. The whole class will be divided based on the
number of students. The activity is to clean the floor applying its
proper procedures. After the activity the group will assess their
performance using the rubrics provided below.

38
SCORING RUBRICS ON CLEANING THE FLOOR
30%
Highly Skilled
(30-29)
Skilled
(28-27)
Moderately Skilled
(26-25)
Unskilled
(24-23)
No attempt
(22-21)
Proper and
effective use
of tools,
equipment,
and materials
Appropriate and
effective selection,
preparation and
use of materials
and tools
/equipment all the
time.
Appropriate and
effective
selection,
preparation and
use of materials
and tools/
equipment most
of the time.
Appropriate and
effective selection,
preparation and
use of materials
and
tools/equipment
some of the time.
Never selects,
prepares and
use appropriate
materials and
tools/ equipment
No attempt to use
tools/ equipment
to task given
30% (30-29) (28-27) (26-25) (24-23) (22-21)
Work
Application
Procedure
Systematic
application of all
work procedure all
the time even
without proper
supervision
Systematic
application of
work procedure
most of the time
with minimum
supervision
Systematic
application of work
procedure some of
the time with
constant
supervision
Never follows
systematic
application of
procedure and
highly
development on
supervision
No attempt to
apply procedure
to the task given
25% (25-24) (23-22) (21-20) (19-18) (17-16)
Safety and
security work
habits
Highly self-
motivated and
observes all safety
and security
precautions all the
time
Self- motivated
and observes
most safety and
security
precautions
most of the time
in work
Self- motivated and
observes
sometimes some of
the safety and
security
precautions in work
Needs to be
motivated and
does not
observe safety
and security
precaution in
work
Not motivated
and totally
disregards
safety and
security
precautions in
work
15% (15-14) (13-12) (11-10) (9-8) (7-6)
Speed/Time Finished the work
ahead of time
Finished the
work on time
Finished the work
close to given time
Finished the
work beyond the
given time.
No work at all

39
Lesson 1.2
PROCEDURES AND TECHNIQUES ON
FLOOR AND SURFACE CLEANING
The type of floor and surface texture affects the aura of
one’s home. It adds elegance and quality, which needs care and
maintenance for its purpose.
Floors should not only look shiny and clean, but should
be maintained properly. Damages such as crack, broken or torn
should be repaired or replaced immediately to avoid any form of
accidents.
Cleaning and polishing are the two main activities that
household workers should consider for floor and surface
maintenance.
The diagram below shows the floors cleaning processes
that make floor cleaning successful.
Step 1: Clearing
First step in floor cleaning where the area will be clear so it will be free
from any distraction and do the task effectively.
Step 2: Stripping
Second process in floor cleaning where embedded
dirt; oil and old layers of floor finish and sealer are
eliminated.
Apply the stripping chemicals with the use of mop
head; allow chemical to stay on the floor for five minutes
then scrub the area using the stripping pad. Rinse the
area with the use of water with soap and dry it with mop
head.
Mop, stripping pad, hand gloves, polisher, mop
wringer, warming device, ropes, cord, floor stripper or
wax remover are the supplies and materials needed in
these process.
Sealing Finishing MaintainingStrippingClearing

40
 The following are the specific procedures in daily cleaning of
floors
Damp mopping – mopping the floor with lightly wet mop to clear the
floor of dirt and soil.
Dust mopping – dusting of dirt using mops with handle.
Step 3: Sealing
Smoothing process to rough surfaces, scratches and
other types of floor damages to enhance it’s over all
appearance comprises this step.
It requires an application of a sealing solution, which
protect the glaze of the tiles, makes the floor look better,
cling together and last longer
Step 4: Finishing
Application of coats of wax to make it appear glossy
and appealing to the eyes deals with this process. A proper
step to makes floor better protected from damages and
stains that will also prolongs the life of the floors.
Mops, mop wringer, finishing solution are the
materials needed in this process.
Step 5: Maintaining
Final step, which involves removal of tucked – in
dirt through the use of cleaners. Repeated buffing
keeps shine until the next stripping and finishing job
becomes absolutely necessary
Sweep the floor thoroughly until dusts are removed then
mop the area using open eight figure motion or over
lapping motion to remove dirt on the floor then buff it
thoroughly.

41
Extraction– cleaning process that is extracting deeply embedded dirt and soil
in carpets especially those in inner layers that cannot be removed by
shampooing.
Finishing floors – performed on floors that are stripped of old wax and dirt
and sealed for protection. The finishing is accomplished through the
application of wax or floor shine and polishing thereafter using a floor
polisher.
Floor stripping – requires application of stripping solution.
Plain polishing – retouching the shine of floors by using a polisher.
Shampooing–a process that apply to carpet which is the removal of
embedded dirt and stains using carpet shampoo either manually of by use of
a machine.
Spray buffing– spraying the floor with a buff finish to retouch it and to keep
the gloss
Sweeping – removing dirt and trash from floors using sweepers and dustpan.
Vacuuming – the process of elimination of dirt on carpeted floors using a
vacuum cleaner.

42
Here are some tips in cleaning and polishing types of floors, so beauty and
elegance will be maintained.
(Excerpts from Managing a Household by Dismore)
1. Ceramic tile, glazed
To clean: vacuum and damp mop with an all purpose cleaner; dry with a soft cloth
To polish: No need for polishing
Don’ts: Avoid using abrasive cleaners
2. Ceramic tile, unglazed
To clean: vacuum and damp-mop with an all purpose cleaner
To polish: Once a year, strip the finish and reseal with a commercial sealer and water-based
wax or acrylic self-polishing wax.
Don’ts: Avoid abrasive cleaners, strong soaps, or acids.
3. Linoleum
To clean: Vacuum and damp – mop with a mild all-purpose cleaner.
To polish: Apply two thin coats of self-polishing, water based floor wax; let dry between
coats.
Don’ts: Avoid solvent-based products, hot water and strong soaps.
4. Vinyl
To clean: Vacuum and damp-mop with all-purpose cleaner dissolved in water.
To polish: Apply two thin coats of self-polishing, water-based floor wax; let dry between
coats.
Don’ts: Avoid abrasive cleaners.
5. Vinyl, no wax
To clean: Vacuum and damp-mop with an all-purpose cleaner recommended for no wax
floors.
To polish: Surface should have a permanent shine, but if it becomes dull in high-traffic areas,
apply a commercial gloss-renewing product.
Don’ts: Avoid solvent-based products or cleaners with pine oil, strong soap, hot water or
abrasives.

43
____________________________________________________
____________________________________________________
____________________________________________________
____________________________________________________
____________________________________________________
___________________________________________________
___________________________________________________
___________________________________________________
___________________________________________________
___________________________________________________
_____
A. IDENTIFIED TRUE OR FALSE
Direction. Write the word TRUE if the statement
is correct and FALSE if it is not correct. Write your
answer in your notebook.
1. Damages such as crack, broken or torn should be repaired or replaced
immediately to avoid any form of accidents
2. Sealing is an application of a solution which protect the glaze of the tiles,
makes the floor look better, cling together and last longer.
3. Finishing of floors is accomplished through the application of wax or
floor shine and polishing thereafter using a floor polisher.
4. Used abrasive cleaners when cleaning glazed ceramic tiles.
5. Solvent based products, strong soap and hot water should be used in
cleaning linoleum.
ESSAY
Direction. Identify the pictures below describing what type of cleaning
procedure is demonstrated. Explain briefly using the scoring rubrics below.

44
Scoring Rubrics for Essay
C. FIELD WORK
Direction. Visit at least two households in your community and
request to interview housekeeper in relation to proper procedures and
techniques in cleaning the floor. Document the interview and make a
report to be presented in class.
Criteria Percentage
Content 5 %
Delivery 2.5 %
Creativity 2.5 %
TOTAL 10 %

45
Lesson 1.3
FLOOR CARE AND MAINTENANCE
Each area of the house needs proper care,
maintenance and supervision to enable household tasks
done properly and effectively.
Floor surfaces require as much as other parts of the house
daily cleaning. It is not enough if we do not utilize the proper
materials and equipment used in cleaning different types of
floors.
The idea is to identify the type of cleaning tools, materials
and other implements to use in keeping and preserving the
beauty and quality of the floors.
The process of vacuuming, sweeping, dusting and mopping
is applied to maintain the good condition of the floors.
Below are the cleaning equipment, tools, and supplies
needed for floor maintenance
Cleaning Equipment
Carpet sweeper
Used to pick-up dirt and
particles from the carpet.
Carpet Extractor
It is a designated for dry
foam shampooing of
carpets. It removes dirt
that sticks to or penetrates
into the carpet layers.

46
Dustpan
It is used to collect
dust and any type of
dirt with soft broom
Cleaning cloth
It is used for cleaning
and dusting the floor
It is used for sweeping
Broom
It is used for
sweeping the floor. It
can be plastic or stick
broom.
It is used for
Cleaning tools and materials
Vacuum cleaner
It is used to eliminate dust particles
from carpet surfaces, upholstered
furniture and even hard surfaces.
Hydro-Vacuum or Wet and
dry vacuum
It is an all-purpose vacuum for
dry and wet surfaces. It is also
used for absorbing water in
flooded or wet surface.
Floor polisher
It is used in scrubbing, stripping
and polishing hard floor surfaces
and also vinyl, wood parquet,
etc.

47
Floor Scraper
It is used for scraping
hardened dirt
Mop Wringer
It is used for wringing /
squeezing mops
Scrubbing pads
It is used for floor
scrubbing and polishing
Mop with mop handle
It is used for manual
floor mopping
For mopping the floor
Mop head
It is used to remove
embedded dirt on the
sides and corners.
Hand brush
embedded dirt on top of
hard floor and stubborn
dirt on top of the carpet.
Push brush
It is used to maintain the
cleanliness of the finish
floor or some of the
hard
floor.
Stripping Pad
stubborn dirt on top of
hard floors

48
Wax
It is used for polishing
the floor
Stripping Chemicals
It is used for stripping
the floor
Polish
Used to polish smooth
surfaces made of wood,
leather or metal.
Cleaning chemicals
Cleaning and maintenance of the floor should be a daily routine.
Vacuuming is a cleaning process that uses an air pump
(vacuum cleaner) to remove loose dirt and dust, usually from floors,
and optionally from other surfaces as well. The dirt is collected by
either a dust bag or filter for later disposal
Here are the steps in maintaining the floor:
1. Sweep the floor with clean broom, dust mop, or cleaning cloth to
remove dirt and litter.
2. Mix 1 part of cleaning solution with about 4 parts water. Use
higher dilution if the area will be disinfected.
3. Apply the cleaning solution on the floor with a wet mop. Let the
solution penetrate on floor for 2 minutes. Use warm water for its
best cleaning results.
4. Spray buff regularly with buffing chemicals. Spray 2 – 3 squirts on
the floor, then buff immediately to restore the shine. Damp – mop
the floor regularly with the help of a cleaning agent.

49
Floor type Cleaning Procedure Precautions
1. Asphalt  Use mild detergent or soap
 Rinse with clear water
 Dry immediately with mop or
wet/dry vacuum
Avoid use of oils or solvents to
prevent discoloration and
excessive wetting to prevent tile
warping.
2. Linoleum  Use a mild detergent solution: avoid
alkaline solutions
 Rinse with clear water
 Remove water immediately with
wet/dry vacuum
Avoid excess wetting; use
adequate furniture rests to avoid
indentations of the floor.
3. Rubber  Use a mild detergent solution
 Rinse
 Remove water promptly
Avoid direct sunlight and
lubricating oils because the tile will
crack, dull and chalky.
4. Vinyl  Use a neutral detergent solution.
 Rinse.
 Dry with a wet/dry vacuum
Avoid excessive wetting to prevent
tile warping; extreme brightness
and scratches.
5. Ceramic/
Quarry
 Use neutral cleaner to avoid
warping of the tile; apply with mop.
 Remove cleaning solution; rinse
thoroughly.
Ceramic tile is very durable but the
grout base is susceptible to
crystalline salt damage. Avoid
crystalline salt solution to avoid
damage to ceramic tiles.
6. Concrete  Use a neutral cleaner
 For stubborn soil accumulations,
use a slightly alkaline solution.
 Never use an acid solution to
concrete tiles
Avoid colored coating in moisture
or high traffic areas; Neutralize
excess alkalinity before painting or
sealing; Very porous; should be
scaled immediately to avoid
dusting and deep penetration of oil
and dirt

50
7. Marble  Use a neutral cleaner
 Rinse thoroughly
 Dry with soft cloth to avoid
streaking.
Seal with penetrating sealer.
8. Terrazzo  Use a neutral detergent and air dry. Very porous; coating advisable.
9. Wood
types
Floor must be sealed before any
maintenance program can be used:
 Sweep, dust mop (water treated) or
damp mop in commercial settings,
 Wood block for flooring; use a
neutral cleaner,
 Never clean wood floor with soap
and water.
10. Granite  Use water with very mild detergent.

51
A. MATCHING TYPE
Direction. Match the item in Column A with
those in Column B. Write the correct letter in your
answer sheet.
Cleaning Equipment
A B
____1. Used to eliminate dust particles from
carpet surfaces, upholstered furniture
and even hard surfaces.
____2. An all purpose vacuum for dry and wet
surfaces.
____3. Used in scrubbing stripping and
polishing hard floor surfaces and also
vinyl, wood parquet, etc.
____4. Used to pick-up dirt and particles from
the carpet.
____5. It is designated for dry foam
shampooing of carpets.
a. Floor polisher
b. Vacuum cleaner
c. Carpet extractor
d. Room boy’s cart
/trolley
e. Hydro vacuum
f. Carpet sweeper

52
Cleaning Supplies and Materials
A B
____1. Used for scrubbing and polishing
purposes.
____2. Used for scraping hardened dirt
____3. It is used for wringing/ squeezing mops
____4. Used for manual floor mopping
____5. Used for cleaning and dusting the floor
a. Cleaning cloth
b. Scrubbing pads
c. Mop with mop
handle
d. Wax
e. Floor scraper
f. Mop wringer
B. GROUP DISCUSSSION
Direction. The class will be divided equally with three members
in each group. Then each group will explain the use, care and
safety precautions to consider in the following floor types given. Put
your answer in your notebook. Scoring rubrics below will be basis
how familiar you are in doing safety precautions
Linoleum
Vinyl
Asphalt

53
.
Criteria Percentage
Content 5 %
Delivery 2.5 %
Creativity 2.5 %
TOTAL 10 %
Congratulations! You finish learning the basic
principles of flooring and its safety precautions. Now let’s see
how skilled you are in doing furniture and fixtures cleaning
and maintenance.
Are you ready? Let’s begin…

54
Learning Outcome 2:
Clean furniture
Objectives:
1. Give the different types of furniture
2. List down proper care and maintenance of furniture
3. Identify the different types of stain
4. Perform safety procedures and techniques in removing stains on
furniture as per standard operating procedures.
This foregoing lesson on proper procedure in cleaning and
maintenance of furniture gives you on the classification of different
furniture together with its types and functions and how one can be
perform with standard operating procedures.
Different types of stains problem with its corresponding remedies is
also presented, which will systematically guide and help you in doing your
task correctly.

55
Lesson 2.1
TYPES OF FURNITURE
Furniture makes ones place lively and attractive. Chairs,
sofas, tables, beds, curtains, pictures, telephone and other
home décor makes our home and even offices more suitable for
living and working.
The kind and types of texture, form and color of furniture and
fixtures depend upon the personality of the person.
Types of Furniture
1. Free standing
 can be moved or arranged relatively. Accumulates dust,
dirt, behind, above and beneath it.
2. Built – in
 It is removable which can be moved from one area into
another.
Wardrobes and kitchen includes in these type
3. Fitted
 Includes items like shelves and headboards. Use of
alcoves and recesses ensures good use of space.
4. Cantilevered
 supported or only one end can be quite effective from a
design perspective.
5. Upholstered
 Sofas, armchairs are in this type. Suitability of fabric
needs to be considered, as does ease of cleaning and
maintenance.
6. Antique
 Usually very expensive, can be impractical, risky and
difficult to replace and repairs often need to be carried
out by a specialist

56
Below are some of the common examples of furniture, fixtures and fittings
Furniture
Fixtures and Fittings
Principles to follow when arranging furniture
Furniture should be arranged for convenience, comfort and
attractiveness. The economy of space, beauty, unity, use, variety,
balance and individuality are some of the essential rules that everyone
should consider for proper arrangement.
a. Spacing – Avoid using too large and heavy furniture across a
corner and in small room instead small pieces like chair and
table may be placed in a corner for interest and good design.
b. Beauty – Arrange the furniture in a more interesting style
where there is a center of interest. Television, radioand eye –
catching display could be put into center to attract family
members and even visitors.
- Armchair - coffee table
- easy chair - dining chair
- bed - dining table - television cabinet
- bedside table - dressing table - wardrobe
- Air conditioning - pictures - bathtub
- carpets - locks - lavatory
- CCTV - signs - fire alarms
- doors - taps and faucets - towel racks
- lightening fixtures - telephone - toilet roll holder

57
c. Unity – Furniture of the same kind should be grouped together
and furniture used for certain activity should be grouped
together. In bedroom, the clothes, closets and the dresser
should be near each other. Group furniture of similar heights
together.
d. Variety – Different kinds of furniture may be grouped together
according to its function. If they will be used together. A small
piece of furniture may be placed across a corner. Large pieces
should be parallel to the wall.
e. Balance or restfulness- Two sides of a center of interest in an
arrangement should be equal and interesting. Three small
pieces can balance one large piece.
f. Individuality- Furniture arrangements reflect the personality of
the one living in the home and style it according to our taste.

58
A. CLASSIFICATION
Direction: Below are furniture, fixtures and furnishings which are found
in a house. Write letter A if it is furniture, B for fixtures and C for fittings.
Write answer in your notebook.
B. HOME VISITATION
Direction: Visit the house of your relatives or friends and
request to see the different areas of the house. Then be able to
list down different types of furniture, fixtures and fittings found in
the house. Also observe which principle in furniture
arrangement has been applied. Write your observation in an
index card (5 x 8) and request the signatures of the owner.
_________ _1. Armchair _________ 6. Beds
__________ 2. Carpets __________ 7. Doors
___________3. Bathtub __________ 8. Coffee table
___________4. Dining table __________ 9. Telephone
___________5. Fire alarms __________10. Television
cabinet

59
Lesson 2.2
FURNITURE CARE AND MAINTENANCE
Furniture’s and fixtures are important part of the interior
decoration of the home. Knowledge of care and maintenance of the
furnishings will help dealing its value, form and texture. One needs
to learn the techniques and procedures in handling furniture and
fixtures so we can maintain and store it’s quality and beauty. One
should purchase materials and supplies such as vacuum cleaner,
brushes, buckets, rags, and cleaning solutions that will help daily
cleaning activity.
Below are some guides for successful care and maintenance for
furniture and fixtures:
1. Use cleaning solution for a better and shiner results to
furniture’s.
2. Wipe and dust all corners, inner and outer parts of the furniture
using a clean cloth such us old diapers, terry towels, cotton
knitwear or flannel.
3. Apply glass cleaner in cleaning glass furniture for shinier results.
4. Use a clean cloth to wipe different types of fixtures but may use
a cleaning solution to selected fixtures for a better results.
For upholstered furniture:
 Use a vacuum cleaner to remove any loose dirt from the
upholstered furniture. Vacuum it regularly.
 Use a detergent mixture in cleaning but test in
inconspicuous spot to avoid discoloration. Scrub the
upholstery with the detergent mixture carefully.
For Wood furniture:
 Use cleaning cloth to remove dust and loose dirt.
 Use a wood cleaning solution to remove stains from the
surface of the furniture.

60
In general, the care and maintenance of the furnishings involve
shampooing every six months or as needed and vacuuming daily or
once a week.
A. IDENTIFICATION
Direction: Below is a table with a given list of
furnishings. Write correspondingly in Column B the cleaning
technique and in column C the materials needed for each
furniture and fixtures given.
No.
A
Furniture and fixtures
B
Cleaning technique
C
Materials needed
1 Sofa
2 Cabinets
3 Tables and chairs
4 Telephones
5 Computer

61
B. CLASS DEMONSTRATION
Direction: Group the class into five. Each group is provided
with a type of furniture’s and fixtures. Each member of the group will
demonstrate the cleaning procedures and techniques. After the
activity, the group will assess their performance using the scoring
rubrics below.
SCORING RUBRICS FOR CLASS DEMONSTRATION
Criteria Percentage
Proper application of the procedure in cleaning the
furniture and fixtures.
50 %
Proper application of the use of cleaning solutions
and materials
30 %
Appropriate and effective selection of cleaning tools
and materials
20 %
TOTAL 100 %

62
Lesson 2.3
TYPES OF STAIN
Stains are colored patch or dirty marks that is
difficult to remove. It is a normal problem that every
household always encountered. Accumulated dirt and
neglect in care and maintenance are some major factors that
contribute to this major household problem.
Restoring the beauty and elegance takes time and patience,
but the results can be enjoyed for years even for generations.
Today there are lots of cleaning aids to restore the shine, texture,
and form of the furnishings at home.
Below are three main types of stains with its degree and
sources.
Types Degree Background Sources
1. Protein stains Easy These are the easiest stain to
remove by just completely
rinsing in cold water with cool
biological soak.
Food stains
such as egg,
milk, yogurt,
and cheese
sauce
2. Tannin (wet)
stains
Moderate These are direct liquid spills
that respond well to hot
water, but will set
permanently if you use any
kind of soap.
Alcohol,
perfume, inks,
melted ice,
lollies, fruit
juices, tea and
coffee.
3. Greasy (dry)
stains
Moderate These are stains that are
result from product with fats
and oil that can be removed
with hot water and detergent.
Adhesive,
automotive oil,
baby oil,
candle wax,
carpet glue

63
4.Other stains
a. Combination
stains
Difficult Combination of two or more of types
of stain. It can be group to Type A and
Type B. Type A stains have protein,
grease/ wax and dye elements; while
Type B have grease, wax and dye
elements.
Ballpoint
ink,
barbecue
sauce,
calamine
lotion,
b. Dye stains Difficult These are stains found naturally in
cherries and blueberries, and is
added to other foodstuffs like
mustard and blue ice-lollies.
c. Special stains These are stains that do not fall
any specific grouping such as
scorch and chewing gum.
d. Organic stains These are stains resulting from
natural atmospheric conditions
such as alkaline stains, mildew and
tarnish.
e. Industrial stains These are stains resulting from
building or Do It Yourself work.
f. Chemical stains These are stains result from
chemical spills.
g. Lacquer stains Difficult These are stains that easily dry
rapidly, so do not allow it to dry out
to treat it easily.
h. Unknown stains These are stains whose source
cannot easily identified but can be
recognized using sense of smell

64
A.WORD HUNT
Directions: Puzzle below contains different
types and sources of stains. Look for the five sources and be
able to give its remedial methods. Put your answer on your
notebook.
E K C A N D I E S L I S H E R
A N G R I N D E R N D I C B M
I I C B C X I T B G R A T U R
N F P O T S C U S P O N G T S
K E W B H V E L Y L A R D T S
U T U R N E R B O S T E R E U
U R T O Q M I L K T E E I R R
M S L I C M T O N G H G H M I
C B R O O M T E D S P O O J N
U K M E C O N O P E N E R Y G
P O B R P J E F F R E Y O O N
T I R T O M B L O O D O M N R

65
Lesson 2.4
PROCEDURES AND TECHNIQUES OF STAIN
REMOVALON FURNITURE
Stain removal is one of the difficult part of cleaning task. Rust,
ink, bloods, butter, and oil are some of the common causes of this
problem. Knowing the type of stains will effectively dissolve and thus
remove the spots.
In removing the stain, apply fewer chemicals rather than more.
Repeating the process will be more effective rather than using a large
amount to do the job faster
Stain Removal Chemical
Product Content
Alcohol (rubbing) sopropyl alcohol
Ammonia Ammonium hydroxide
Carpet shampoo, carpet stain
remover
Isopropyl alcohol
Color remover Sodium hydrosulphite
Nail varnish remover Acetone
Petroleum – based solvent and
dry-cleaning fluid
Trichloroethylene (TCE),
perchloethylene (PERC) (K),
petroleum distillates
Rust remover Oxalic acid, hydrofluoric acid
Turpentine Terpene

66
Stain Removal Natural Product
Alcohol
 A very effective multi purpose, tough satin remover
Ammonia
 Solid as a liquid in bottles but is actually a gas, dilute in water for convenience.
Cigarette ash
 Excellent ultra- light abrasive for removing alcohol stains from wooden furniture.
Milk
 Effective soak for ballpoint ink, red juice and newsprint stains.
Rottenstone
 Very fine abrasive powder that is used to polish lacquered or varnished surfaces
after coarse rubbing with pumice stone.
Turpentine
 Used as a thinner of oil paints, varnishes, and enamels turpentine (turps), which
is good on difficult oil – based stains like asphalt and tar.
White vinegar
 Natural, mild bleach that dissolves dirt and grease and acts as a water softener.

67
General Rules on Removing Stains
Physical and chemical methods are the two types of removing
the stains.
 Physical method is a process through absorption of water-
based stains or through removal in friction.
 Chemical method is the use and application of chemical
solutions.
Physical Method (Absorption water based stains)
1. Wash hands and put on gloves
2. Use cloth or paper towel to absorb the liquid.
3. Always start from the outer edge of the stain and work
towards the middle; this prevents the spreading of the stain.
4. Dispose of the cloth or paper towel when the task is
completed.
5. After use, all tools and materials should be checked,
cleaned, and dried and returned to the storage area.
6. Remove gloves and wash hands
Physical Method (Friction removal water staining)
2. This involves scraping, brushing, rubbing, or scrubbing to
remove dried-on stains.
3. It is important to rub gently to avoid damage to the surface.
4. Always start from the outer edge of the stain and work
towards the middle.
cleaned, and dried and returned to the storage area.
6. Remove gloves and wash hands.
7. Note: never rub the stain into the carpet / fabric
8. Should the friction method does not work use the chemical
method.

68
Chemical Method
2. Prepare the cleaning solution in a well- ventilated area.
3. Poor a small amount of the chosen cleaning solution onto
the stain.
4. Allow the cleaning solution to have a contact time with the
stain.
5. Using a scraper and cloth, start from the outer edge of the
stain and work towards the middle until the stain is removed.
6. Dispose of the cloth when the task is completed.
cleaned, dried and returned to the storage area.
8. Remove gloves and wash hands.
Do’s Don’ts
 Treat the stain promptly
 Test for colorfastness and damage before
applying any solutions to the furniture
 Read carefully proper care, maintenance and
manual of instructions of the products
 Start and choose the simplest method of
removing the stains.
 Store chemicals out of the reach of children
and away from food products.
 Do the work from outside of the stain inwards
to prevent stains from spreading.
 Don’t give up after one application
 Don’t forget to rinse.
 Don’t rub at liquid stain spots, as
you will simply spread the stain
further and might damage fibres.
 Don’t use a colored cloth on stains.
Use a clean white cloth or kitchen
towels.
 Don’t use solvents on inflammable
stains like petrol and diesel.
 Don’t mix products, especially
bleach and ammonia.

69
Some tips to remove stains on furniture and fixtures
1. Any food containing milk that spills on furniture surface should be
wiped immediately. The effect of lactic acid on wood furniture’s will
create stains. To remove the stains, dip your finger in liquid or
paste wax or coconut oil. – or even moistened cigar ash and rub
the solution over the damaged area. Then re-wax.
2. Items such as perfumes, medicines, beverages, or other alcohol-
based products leave rings or spots that can cause damage.
Treat them with the same method use for milk or cream stains.
3. Watermarks or rings spots on furniture surface can be treated
with a non-linty cloth moistened with coconut oil. Use a clean
cloth to wipe the affected area immediately, at times, be remedied
by placing a clean, thick blotter over the ring and pressing it with
an iron (not too hot) until the ring disappears.
4. Candle drippings and marks left on furniture can be removed by
hardening the dripped candle wax by holding an ice cube in it a
few seconds. Crumble off as much wax as possible with your
fingers then gently scrape with a dull, plastic spatula. Rub briskly
with cloth saturated with liquid wax, then wipe dry with a clean
cloth.
5. Oil stains caused by butter, salad dressing, cream and the like
can be remove by placing a white blotter soaked in lighter fluid
over the spot and let it dry. Repeat the process several times if
the stains bleach it with an application of hydrogen peroxide (not
the antiseptic kind but the commercial solution) to which a drop or
two of ammonia has been added.
6. If acid marks appear due to spilled fruit juices or spots from
alcohol, it is advisable to sand the area gently with fine
sandpaper. Then rub with the shine putty (tin oxide) using a
damp, soft cloth.
7. After the stains have been removed, protect the furniture;
especially marble by applying furniture wax, which makes
furniture shiny.

70
A. ESSAY
Direction: Discuss briefly the physical and
chemical method of removing stains on furniture and fixtures.
Put your answer on your notebook.
B. CLASS DEMONSTRATION
Direction. Divide the class into five groups. Choose a group
leader and check the type of furniture assigned to your group. Work on
removing the stains seen on the furniture. Lists down the procedures
and technique applied in removing the stains including cleaning agent
and materials. Make a group report and submit to your teacher.
Scoring rubrics is provided to assess the performance of the group.
_____________________________
_____________________________
_____________________________
_____________________________
_____________________________
_____________________________
____________________________
_____________________________
_____________________________
_____________________________
_____________________________
_____________________________
____________________________
____________________________
Removing of
stains and spots
Physical method Chemical method

71
SCORING RUBRICS ON REMOVING STAINS
30%
Highly Skilled
(30-29)
Skilled
(28-27)
Moderately
Skilled
(26-25)
Unskilled
(24-23)
No attempt
(22-21)
Proper and
effective
use of
tools,
equipment,
and
materials
Appropriate and
effective
selection,
preparation and
use of materials
and tools
/equipment all
the time.
Appropriate
and effective
selection,
preparation
and use of
materials and
tools/
equipment
most of the
time.
Appropriate and
effective
selection,
preparation and
use of materials
and
tools/equipment
some of the time.
Never selects,
prepares and
use
appropriate
materials and
tools/
equipment
No attempt to
use tools/
equipment to
task given
30% (30-29) (28-27) (26-25) (24-23) (22-21)
Work
Application
Procedure
Systematic
application of all
work procedure
all the time even
without proper
supervision
Systematic
application of
work
procedure
most of the
time with
minimum
supervision
Systematic
application of
work procedure
some of the time
with constant
supervision
Never follows
systematic
application of
procedure and
highly
development
on supervision
No attempt to
apply
procedure to
the task given
25% (25-24) (23-22) (21-20) (19-18) (17-16)
Safety and
security
work habits
Highly self-
motivated and
observes all
safety and
security
precautions all
the time
Self-
motivated and
observes
most safety
and security
precautions
most of the
time in work
Self- motivated
and observes
sometimes some
of the safety and
security
precautions in
work
Needs to be
motivated and
does not
observe
safety and
security
precaution in
work
Not motivated
and totally
disregards
safety and
security
precautions in
work
15% (15-14) (13-12) (11-10) (9-8) (7-6)
Speed/Time Finished the
work ahead of
time
Finished the
work on time
Finished the
work close to
given time
Finished the
work beyond
the given
time.
No work at all

72
Post Test
A. MULTPLE CHOICE
Direction. Read the statement carefully and write
the letter that best describes the statement. Put your
answer in your answer sheet.
1. Type of floor that is durable, versatile and not easily pierced.
a. hard floor c. vinyl
b. soft floor d. terra cotta
2. Type of floor which is durable, lightweight, easy to clean, and
has anti bacterial properties.
a. bamboo floor c. linoleum
b. concrete d. marble
3. Mixture of sand and cement with gravel, broken stone and other
elements.
a. ceramic c. linoleum
b. concrete d. terra cotta
4. Similar to linoleum but it is more durable and highly resistant to
moisture.
a. rubber flooring c. wood floors
b. pebble washout d. vinyl
5. Floor surface texture developed through intense heat treated
with sealer and very porous.
a. bush hammered c. sawn
b. flamed d. tumbled
6. Major consideration for successful flooring
a. spacing c. surface texture
b. styles d. versatility
7. The function of white scouring pads in cleaning
a. cleaning painted surfaces
b. cleaning glass mirrors
c. cleaning marble and porcelain
d. all of the above

73
8. The process which includes clearing, stripping, sealing and
finishing surfaces.
a. bed making c. washing
b. floor cleaning d. sweeping
9. The process that uses a lightly wet mop to clear the floor with
dirt and soil.
a. damp mopping c. floor stripping
b. dust mopping d. plain polishing
10. Floor cleaning process which involves elimination of embedded
dirt, oil and old layers in the floor.
a. finishing c. sealing
b. maintaining d. stripping
11. Removing dirt and trash from floor using sweeper and trash.
a. Shampooing c. spray buffing
b. Sweeping d. vacuuming
12. The process of elimination of embedded dirt on floors using a
vacuum cleaner.
a. extraction c. spray buffing
b. plain polishing d. vacuuming
13.Cleaning equipment used for dry foam shampooing of carpets.
a. carpet extractor c. floor polisher
c. carpet sweeper d. vacuum cleaner
14.Equipment for cleaning and dusting the floor.
a. cleaning cloth c. mop
b. dustpan d. scrubbing pads
15.The removable furniture that can be moved from one area to
another.
a. antique c. cantilevered
b. built – in d. upholstered
16.Classification of sofas and chairs in furniture selection.
a. cantilevered c. free standing
b. Fitted d. upholstered

74
17.Below are examples of fixtures and fittings except one:
a. air condition c. wardrobe
b. doors d. telephone
18.One of the principles to follow when arranging furniture.
a. budget c. time
b. color d. unity
19.Easiest stain to remove by just completely rinsing in cold water
with cool biological soak.
a. Greasy stains c. Protein stains
b. Organic stains d. Tannin stains
20.These are stains that do not fall into any specific grouping such
as scorch and chewing gum. .
a. Combination stains c. Organic stains
b. Dye stains d. Special stains
Congratulations! You successfully demonstrated tasks and responsibilities
prepared for you in the previous four sets of sessions. It’s time for you to answer
Post Assessment that will evaluate you further. Let’s begin!

75
QUARTER II
Learning Outcome 3
Make Up Beds and Cots
Objectives:
a. Classify linens according to types and functions
b. Perform make up beds and cots as per standard operating
procedures
c. Demonstrate proper cleaning of beds and cots.
This lesson with the learning competencies make up beds and
cots discusses and give the learners on the classification of linens
according to its types and functions
Linen replenishment and maintenance techniques, vacuuming
mattresses, and centering and mitering according to standard
operating procedures are also demonstrated

76
Pre- test: Let’s See What You Know
A. MULTPLE CHOICE
Direction. Read the statement carefully
and write the letter that best describes the
statement. Put your answer in your answer sheet.
1. A rectangular piece of cloth or linen cotton used to cover a
mattress
a. apron c. blanket
b. bed sheets d. pillow
2. Table linen used for wiping the mouth and fingers while eating.
a. blanket c. handkerchief
b. dish towel d. napkin
3. Protective table pad usually made of paper, plastic or cloth for
restaurants and household use:
a. apron c. napkin
b. handkerchief d. placemat
4. An elastic running around the edge that helps keep it flat upon
the mattress.
a. blanket c. fitted sheets
b. comforter d. flat sheets
5. The following are procedures in cleaning the toilet bowl except
one:
a. Flush the toilet bowl
b. Clean the toilet seat and cover
c. Wet the surface
d. Flush again
6. These are hair product used to remove oils, dirt, dandruff, and
other contaminant particles in the hair.
a. hair conditioner c. shampoo
b. hot oil d. soap
7. Oral hygiene instrument used to clean teeth and gums
a. mouthwash c. toothpaste
b. tissue paper d. toothbrush

77
8. Millennium Goal in sanitation that refers to management of
human faces at household level
a. environmental sanitation c. improved sanitation
b. food sanitation d. on – site sanitation
9. Hygienic means of promoting health through prevention of
human contact with the hazards of waste
a. Disposal c. segregation
b. Sanitation d. washing
10. Leaves, flower, twigs, branches, and stems are classified as:
a. compostable waste c. residual waste
b. recyclable waste d. special waste
11. Refers to solid waste materials that are non compostable and
non recyclable.
a. compostable waste c. recyclable waste
b. residual waste d. special waste
12. Waste disposal management that lessen household trashes and
avoid unnecessary packaging of products.
a. recover c. reduce
b. recycling d. re –use
13. Practices that will bring down the amount of trash we dispose by
avoiding the amount of unnecessary packaging of the products
and reducing its waste toxicity
a. recover c. reduce
b. recycling d. re –use
14. Mandate of Republic Act 9003 is otherwise known as:
a. Clean Air Act
b. Ecological Solid Waste Management Act of 200
c. Modernization Act
d. Clean and Green Program
15. Center of the house where meal is prepared.
a. bedroom c. living room
b. dining room d. kitchen

78
16. Type of kitchen cookware that is lightweight, attractive and less
expensive.
a. aluminum c. stainless
b. ceramic d. teflon
17. Kitchen hand tools used to remove the outer skin or peel of fruits
and vegetables
a. baster c. peller
b. knife d. spatula
18. Stainless steel sieve used to strain foods
a. colander c. sauce pan
b. sieve d. streamer
19. Thermally insulated chamber used for heating, baking or drying
of a substance
a. blender c. oven
b. griller d. streamer
20. Tall and semi wide pot with straight sides used for cooking and
storing soup stocks
a. sauce pan c. streamer
b. stauce pot d. stockpot

79
Lesson 3.1
TYPES OF LINEN
The term linens is used to describe any woven or knitted
bath, bed, or kitchen textile such as sheets, towels and table
clothes. This is true even if the fabric that makes up the item is
not linen. The name is derived from an earlier time when all of
these textiles were commonly made with linen. So when using
the term linens what a person means depends on textiles or
bed, bath and kitchen accessories. Today cotton has replaced
te linen used in these activities.
Linen is a fabric that is made from flax and fibers and not
from cotton. The main difference in types of linen fabric comes
from the length of the fiber used. Short tow fibers result in a
coarser fabric and long line fibers result in a more refined cloth.
Cotton that is made to resemble the wide and course
weave of linen is called madapolam. However, if one asks to
see the linen at the store, he or she will be shown different types
of table coverings, bed coverings and bathroom textiles. Table
coverings often come in sets and include the tablecloth, napkins
and placemats. Table runners that are placed down the center
of a table are also considered linen under table coverings.
Like tablecloths, bed linens come in sets as well. These
sets often include the fitted and flat sheets, shams, pillowcases,
bed skirts and comforter. Duvet covers that are removable are a
less traditional item belonging to the bed coverings category.
The last category is the textiles that one utilizes in the bathroom.
Towels are the largest item in this category that includes bath
towels and body sheets. Hand towels and wash clothes round
out this category completing a standard bathroom linen set.
Cleaning household linens is done as appropriate to the
type of cloth. Household linens are most likely to have stains
from organic sources such as food, blood, and soil. If the linens
are made of natural fibres such as linen or cotton, the cloth will
need to be rinsed as soon as possible in cold water to prevent

80
the stain from becoming permanent. Stains from red wine, or
red or purple berries and fruit are an exception and must be
washed in boiling water, yet despite this, these stains may be
impossible to remove.
Regular washing of household linens should be done in
hot water for hygienic reasons, to destroy bacteria left on the
linens from frequent use. Linen and cotton that are white may
also become yellow over time, but this is eliminated by
bleaching, either with liquid bleach, or by the traditional method
of hanging the linens in the sun to let the sunlight bleach out the
discoloration.
Household linens are stored near the area where they
are used, when possible, for convenience. Otherwise, bed and
kitchen and dining linens may be stored together in a linen
closet or cupboard. There are many methods of folding linens
for storage. For formal occasions, table linens may be ironed
before use. Traditionally, table linens could be starced while
ironing, to decrease wrinkling and retain a smooth, pristine
appearance.

81
A. FILL IN THE BOX
Directions: Analyze the question carefully and fill up
the corresponding box to form the correct types of linen
that is being asked.
1. Is an outer protective garment that covers primarily the front of the
body. It may be worn for hygienic reasons as well as in order to protect
clothes from wear and tear.
2. A piece of absorbent fabric or paper used for drying or wiping faces.
3. A piece of cloth intended to block or obscure light, or drafts, or water in
the case of a shower curtain.
3. A rectangle of cloth used at the table for wiping the mouth and fingers
while eating. It is usually small and folded sometimes in intricate
designs and shape.
5. Is a rectangular piece of cloth or linen cotton used to cover a mattress.

82
Lesson 3.2
PROCESS IN MAKE UP BEDS AND COTS
The first thing that most of the people indulge in after waking up is
been made properly making up the bed. A room looks untidy unless until
the bed has
Beddings include:
 Fitted sheets
- a sheet tailored to form pocket for a mattress with
elastic edges. The edge may also contain a drawstring to
secure the sheet more firmly and to be used only as bottom
sheet.
 Flat sheets
- is not fitted but should ideally match the color of the
fitted sheet which is spread evenly across the bed, with the
finished side facing down.
 Comforter
- a thick bed covering that is filled with a soft light
material

83
 Blanket
- a large piece of woolen or similar material used as a
bed covering or other covering for warmth.
 Pillows
- a rectangular cloth bag stuffed with feathers, foam
rubber, or other soft materials, used to support the head
when lying down.
 Pillow slip and pillow case
- a linen that protects the pillows
 Bed pad
- is a large pad for supporting the body, used as or on a
bed. May consist of a quilted or similarly fastened case,
usually of heavy cloth, that contains hair, straw, cotton, foam
rubber, etc.; a framework of metal springs; or they may be
inflatable.
Bed Making Procedure – Traditional method
1. Stand at the head side of the bed.
2. Put the bed pad on top of the bed mattress evenly.
3. Put the bottom or first sheet on top of the bed mattress enough to
cover the head side of the mattress.
4. Tuck in the sheet at the head side of the bed and meter the two
corners.
5. Put the bed sheet up to the edge of the head side of the bed at the
wrong side position.
6. Put the blanket on top of the second bed sheet 8” to 10” distance
from the head toward the foot of the bed.
7. Put the third bed sheet on top of the blanket enough to cover the
entire bed. Insert or fold the sheet under the blanket with 8” or 10”
distance and fold the second sheet on top of the third bed sheet.
8. Tuck in all the linens at the other side and miter all linens at the
corners at the foot side of the bed and insert the remaining side
towards the head.
9. Put the pillow with pillowslip and case on top of the bed facing the
wall.
10. Put the bed cover on top of the bed enough to cover the entire
bed.

84
Duvet - Bed Making Procedure
1. Stand at the head side of the bed
2. Put on the bed pad on top of the bed evenly.
3. Put on the first bed sheet on top of the bed.
4. Tuck in the sheet at the head side of the bed and mitre the sheet
of all the corners of the bed.
5. Put the pillow with pillowcase at the head side facing the wall.
6. Put the duvet cover on top of the bed evenly
Bed Stripping Procedure
1. Check the bed properly first if there are items found.
2. Loosen the sides and corners of the bed properly
3. Shake each linen for possible lost found items and damages if
any.
4. Roll all the bed sheets correctly.
5. Put the soiled linens on the basket for laundry.

85
A. FILL IN THE BLANKS
Direction. Fill the missing word/words to make the
statement complete for bed making procedure.
Start the bed making procedure by standing at the head side of
the bed. Put the (1) ____________ on top of the (2) __________
evenly. Put the bottom or (3) ________ on top of the bed mattress.
Tuck in the sheet at the head of the bed and (4) __________
two corners. Put the bed sheet up to the edge of the head side of
the bed at the (5) ____________.
B. VIDEO PRESENTATION
Direction. With your partner undergo the steps by steps
procedures in bed make up. Using cellphone document it as
requirement to check whether your work is accurate and
effective. Be able to share and explain your work in the class.

86
SCORING RUBRIC FOR BED MAKE – UP
Dimen
sion
Highly
Skilled
5
Skilled
4
Moderately
Skilled
3
Unskilled
2
No
Attempt
1
Use of
tools,
equip
ment,
and
materi
als
Appropriat
e
selection,
preparatio
n, and use
of
materials
and tools/
equipment
all the
time
Appropriat
e selection,
preparation
, and use
of
materials
and tools/
equipment
most of the
time
Appropriate
selection,
preparation,
and use of
materials
and tools/
equipment
sometimes
Never
selects,
prepares,
and uses
materials
and tools/
equipment
No attempt
to use
tools/
equipment
Applic
ation
of
proce
dure
Systemati
c
applicatio
n of
procedure
s all the
time
without
supervisio
n
Systematic
application
of
procedures
all the time
with
minimum
supervision
Systematic
application
of
procedures
sometimes
with
constant
supervision
Never
follows
systematic
application
of
procedures
without
supervision
No attempt
to apply
procedures
to project
Safety
/ Work
habits
Highly
self-
motivated
and
observes
all safety
precaution
s at all
times
Highly self-
motivated
and
observes
most
safety
precaution
s most of
the time
Highly self-
motivated
and
observes
sometimes
some safety
precautions
Needs to
be
motivated
and does
not
observe all
safety
precaution
s
No
motivation
and totally
disregards
precaution
Speed
/ Time
Work
finished
ahead of
time
Work
finished,
meets
deadline
Work
finished
close to
deadline
Work
finished
way
beyond
deadline
No concept
of time

87
Lesson 3.3
PROPER CLEANING AND MAINTENANCE OF
BEDS AND COTS
A mattress can begin smelling stale after years or even just
months of use, especially in a home with moisture problems, smokers
or pets that sleep on the beds. Even without contributing factors,
people spend countless hours in bed. In time the surface will require
cleaning and freshening no matter the situation. Fabric absorbs all
sorts of bad odors including perspiration. The bedding can start out
fresh and clean, and the bed can still smell bad because of the
mattress. It is easy to freshen the material, and without spending a lot
of money on special cleaning supplies or products that might not work.
Use these easy ways to freshen your bed instead of trying to hide bad
odors. They are natural alternatives to costly professional services and
potentially harmful chemical products that are not necessary.
Tips for Using a Vacuum to Clean a Mattress
Vacuuming a mattress is an excellent way to save money and
prolong the quality of your bed. However, this method doesn't work
forever. A mattress must be replaced every eight or nine years to
ensure that it is not a health risk to those sleeping on it.
Before attempting to freshen a mattress, it is important to
remove dust and accompanying mites. Use a handheld vacuum or an
attachment to thoroughly cover every square inch including the sides.
If it is a reversible mattress, flip it over and vacuum the other side as
well. Starting with a clean surface is essential when trying to remove or
neutralize odors. If necessary, clean it using a method that is
recommended by the manufacturer. It must be dry before taking the
next step.

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