1. Ergonomics Cognitive science Interaction design User research What are the abilities and limits of our senses, deduction and memory ? How does the user process information ? How do we ensure compatibility with the human physiology ? What do users want ?

2. 1940 Human Factors Engineering (HFE) 1943 Ergonomics Ergonomics How do we ensure compatibility with the human physiology ? During World War II, the designers of airplane cockpits advanced greatly the systematic and metrical study of human physiology

3. 1940 Human Factors Engineering (HFE) 1943 Ergonomics – The concept of ”Ergonomic Fit” was extended to the domain of human senses and perception. At first, this new idea was called ”Cognitive Fit”. 1967 Cognitive psychology Cognitive science What are the abilities and limits of our senses, deduction and memory ? Alphonse Chapanis (1917 - 2002) was a pioneer in the field of industrial design , and is widely considered one of the fathers of ergonomics or human factors . Chapanis was notably active in improving aviation safety around the time of World War II .

4. 1940 Human Factors Engineering (HFE) 1943 Ergonomics Cognitive ergonomics 1960 Human-Computer Interaction (HCI) 1961 Graphical User Interface (GUI) 1981 Xerox Star 1984 Apple Macintosh Interaction Design (IxD) 1990 1963 Mouse 1989 World Wide Web 1987 Windows Interaction Design How does the user process information ? The father of the GUI Ivan Sutherland’s MIT thesis work ” Sketchpad: A Man-machine Graphical Communications System” was the first graphical user interface

5. 1940 Human Factors Engineering (HFE) Participatory design 1970 User research What do users want ? Contextual design 1998 Participatory design has been slowly evolving since the 1980s from its roots in the Scandinavian trade union movement, identified as the collective resource approach . Participatory design is an approach to design that attempts to actively involve the end users in the design process to help ensure that the product designed meets their needs and is usable . Contextual Design (CD) is a user-centered design process developed by Hugh Beyer and Karen Holtzblatt. In their 1997 book, “Contextual Design: Defining Customer-Centered Systems”, Beyer and Holtzblatt acknowledge that Contextual Design was borne out of the principles of Participatory Design

6. 1940 Human Factors Engineering (HFE) Participatory design 1970 User research Contextual design 1998 1940 Human Factors Engineering (HFE) Ergonomics 1940 Human Factors Engineering (HFE) 1943 Ergonomics Cognitive ergonomics 1967 Cognitive psychology Cognitive science 1940 Human Factors Engineering (HFE) Human-Computer Interaction (HCI) 1960 Interaction Design (IxD) 1990 Interaction Design